gold rush淘金热英文简介.ppt

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1、The Gold Rush,A gold rush is a period of feverish migration of workers to an area that has had a dramatic discovery of gold deposits.Major gold rushes took place in the 19th century in Australia,New Zealand,Brazil,Canada,South Africa,and the United States,while smaller gold rushes took place elsewhe

2、re.,Brief introduction,The California Gold Rush(18481855)began on January 24,1848,when gold was found by James W.Marshall at Sutters Mill in Coloma,California.The first to hear confirmed information of the gold rush were the people in Oregon,the Sandwich Islands(Hawaii),and Latin America,who were th

3、e first to start flocking to the state in late 1848.All in all,the news of gold brought some 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad.Of the 300,000,approximately half arrived by sea and half came from the east overland on the California Trail and the Gila River tra

4、il.,The gold-seekers,called forty-niners(as a reference to 1849),often faced substantial hardships on the trip.While most of the newly arrived were Americans,the Gold Rush attracted tens of thousands from Latin America,Europe,Australia,and China.At first,the gold nuggets could be picked up off the g

5、round.Later,gold was recovered from streams and riverbeds using simple techniques,such as panning.More sophisticated methods were developed and later adopted elsewhere.At its peak,technological advances reached a point where significant financing was required,increasing the proportion of gold compan

6、ies to individual miners.Gold worth tens of billions of todays dollars was recovered,which led to great wealth for a few.However,many returned home with little more than they had started with.,In the 19th and early 20th centuries,there were several major gold rushes.The permanent wealth that resulte

7、d was distributed widely because of reduced migration costs and low barriers to entry.While gold mining itself was unprofitable for most diggers and mine owners,some people made large fortunes,and the merchants and transportation facilities made large profits.The resulting increase in the worlds gol

8、d supply stimulated global trade and investment.Historians have written extensively about the migration,trade,colonization,and environmental history associated with gold rushes.,The effects of the Gold Rush were substantial.San Francisco grew from a small settlement of about 200 residents in 1846 to

9、 a boomtown of about 36,000 by 1852.Roads,churches,schools and other towns were built throughout California.In 1849 a state constitution was written,a governor and legislature chosen and California became a state in 1850 as part of the Compromise of 1850 which divided possible US territories into fr

10、ee and slave states.,New methods of transportation developed as steamships came into regular service.By 1869 railroads were built across the country from California to the eastern United States.Agriculture and ranching expanded throughout the state to meet the needs of the settlers.At the beginning

11、of the Gold Rush,there was no law regarding property rights in the goldfields and a system of staking claims was developed.The Gold Rush also had negative effects:Native Americans were attacked and pushed off their lands and the mining has caused environmental harm.An estimated 100,000 California In

12、dians died between 1848 and 1868 as a result of American immigration.,panning:washing soil or small stones in a pan to find gold or other valuable minerals（用淘选盘）淘洗；淘金pan out:(of events or a situation)to develop in a particular way（事情或局面）发展成pan the work:to severely criticize the work 严厉批评、抨击作品,In a p

13、inch的意思是“必要时、在紧要关头”，有人说它起源于淘金热（gold rush），也有人认为这种说法并不可靠。那它究竟起源于何处呢？关于in a pinch起源于淘金热的说法是有一段小故事的。据说当时淘金者买东西时，商人们会把手伸进淘金者装金沙的袋子中，捏（pinch）一撮金沙作为交换。为了能得到更多的金沙，商人们通常会雇佣一些手掌较大的人来完成这项任务。因为这个过程关系到商人的既得利益，所以in a pinch演变成“在紧要关头”的意思也不无道理。,goldbrick指的是an idle worthless person（吊儿郎当的懒汉），它的渊源则可追溯到19世纪美国的“淘金热”。淘金时

14、，人们为了便于装运黄金，遂把挖出的金块铸成砖形，于是，goldbrick应运而生，在当时指的可是真的“金砖”。不过，到了1879，由于一桩轰动全美的诈骗案，“金砖”在现在倒成了“赝品”和“诈骗”的代名词。随着时间的推移，goldbrick的词义慢慢扩大，现在用来指“游手好闲，吊儿郎当的懒汉、怠工者或骗子”。,grassroots community就是指“基层社区”。Grassroots这个词大家一定不陌生，直译就是流行用语“草根”。这种说法始于19世纪处于淘金热的美国，当时盛传山脉土壤表层草根生长茂盛的地方，下面就蕴藏着黄金。后来“草根”一词引入社会学领域，就被赋予了“基层”的内涵。人们平常说到的一些民间组织，非政府组织等等一般都可以看作是“草根阶层”。同主流、精英文化或精英阶层相对应的弱势阶层也可以被称为“草根”。,THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!,