《耳部解剖生理》PPT课件.ppt

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1、耳部解剖和生理Ear anatomy and physiology,GN Resound Asia Trade promotion&Training Dept.,Ear function,A-听觉功能 B-平衡功能Hearing function Balance function,Hearing function,The organ of hearing,(Zemlin,1988 pp.460),Peripheral and Central,Peripheral ear,(Engstrm&Engstrm,1979),The external ear 外耳,The Auricle 耳廓功能：收集

2、声音,Concha耳甲腔,Helix耳轮,Anti-helix对耳轮,Anti-tragus对耳屏,Tragus耳屏,The Ear canal 耳道 功能：耳道共振S型，长2.53.5cm，直径0.7cm，铅笔粗细,The middle ear 中耳功能：换能器、放大器（27dB）、保护耳蜗,The Ear drum 鼓膜功能：传音、放大,(Engstrm&Engstrm,1987),The Ear drum 鼓膜 宽8mm 高9mm 厚0.1mm,The ossicles 听小骨、听骨链功能：利用杠杆原理将声能转成机械能,(Zemlin,1988 pp.445),锤骨Malleus 砧骨I

3、ncus 镫骨Stapes人体中最小的骨头,The middle ear muscles 中耳肌功能：减少大声对内耳的伤害鼓膜张肌和镫骨肌是人体最小的肌肉,(Engstrm&Engstrm,1979),The Eustachian tube 咽鼓管功能：维持鼓室内外气压平衡、防止感染,Eustachian tube 耳咽管,长3539mm，小儿减半，鼓室口高于咽口2025mm，小儿较短、管腔较大、近水平,The“stiletto”principle,(Zemlin,1988 pp.457),Lever action principle,Hearing process,Air conductio

4、n气导 Out ear Middle ear Inner ear Nerve CentrumSound Skull,Bone conduction骨导,The inner ear 内耳,The inner ear 内耳包括：半规管、前庭、耳蜗,Histology classification,Crus commune,Ampulla membranacea superior,Utriculus,Ducus endolymphaticus,Sacculus,Scala tympani,Ducus cochlearis,Scala vestibuli,Ducus cochlearis,Helico

5、trema,Fenestra cochleaeRound window,Ducus reuniens,Fenestra vestibuliOval window,Ampulla membranacea posterior,Crista ampulla posterior,Ampulla membranacea lateralis,Ampulla membranacea superrior,Ampulla membranacea lateralis,The inner ear 内耳,The cochlea 耳蜗,The uncoiled cochlea,(Zemlin,1988 pp.465),

6、The uncoiled cochlea,Cross section of cochlea,Cross section of cochlea,Cross section of the channe,Cross section of the organ of Corti,Inneru and outer hair cells,Inner Hair Cell Stereocilia 3500个内毛细胞,Outer Hair Cell Stereocilia 12000个外毛细胞,Function of Cochlea耳蜗的功能将机械性声音信号转换成生物电信号,Function of Cochlea

7、 耳蜗的功能,Cross section of the organ of Corti,Out Hair Cell,Out Hair Cell,Out Hair Cell,Electricity,Ionic current flows,Inner Hair Cell,Cochla Dynamics et anatomie,3000Hz Tone,Apex,Base,300Hz Tone,Auditory central nervous system,Hearing process,大脑颞叶,大脑颞叶,外侧丘系,外侧丘系,上橄榄体,上橄榄体,耳蜗核,耳蜗核,耳蜗毛细胞,耳蜗毛细胞,左,右,内侧膝状体,内侧膝状体,Brain cortexCochlear Hair cell,1、听觉功能,2、平衡功能,由前庭系和人的视觉及本体感觉系统共同完成的。,例如：前庭功能稍弱时，就将导致晕车！,声波,1.声波震动鼓膜,2.鼓膜牵动中耳内的听骨，把震动加以放大及传到内耳的卵圆窗,3.震动引起迷路内的淋巴液波动刺激耳蜗内的毛细胞，触发连接的神经纤维,4.沿着听觉神经，传送到大脑,Hearing process,本文由亚洲器械城编辑并整理,欢迎传播更多助听器相关知识及及视频请访问亚洲器械城,