不良地质施工方案.doc
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4、veryone has accountability. Four, future direction and improvement measures 1, belief and faith, strengthen party spirit. One is to firmly establish the noble ideals of struggle for the ideals of communism, communist struggle for life, ready to sacrifice everything for the party and the people. Seco
5、nd is to continuously improve the quality and standard of political, conscientiously study Deng Xiaoping theory and three represents important thought and the scientific Outlook on development, implement the partys basic program for the primary stage of socialism, adhere to the correct political ori
6、entation, maintain highly consistent with the CPC Central Committee, is good at theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics to analyze and solve problems. Third, strengthening the party spirit and the world transformation, perseverance of the party Constitution, relive Party vows to establish
7、 correct world Outlook, Outlook on life and the world, practically embodies ideals and beliefs into action, combine lofty ideals and practical activities, transforming the objective world, actively participate in the great practice of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. 2, keep the purp
8、ose in concept, changing the style of work. First, keep in mind that the purpose of serving, adhere to assuming power for the people, keep in mind the people and care about people, and the joys and sorrows of the masses, .According to city discipline, and municipal organization Department requiremen
9、ts, today we held implement implementation independent Commission against corruption guidelines effective strengthening led cadres style construction topic democratic life, main task is close contact thought, and work actual, control check district Standing Committee team and the personal in impleme
10、ntation independent Commission against corruption guidelines Shang exists of problem, in-depth carried out criticism and self-critical, further clear rectification direction and measures, effective enhanced clean politics of consciousness and initiative, firm set good of ruling image. Before the mee
11、ting, the way we take surveys solicited a views, combed, related to team building中铁十六局集团赣龙铁路一项目部二分部 不良地质专项施工方案中复隧道不良地质专项施工方案1岩溶施工方案1.1岩溶施工对策本隧道存在岩溶的可能性,施工中需采取相应措施确保洞体稳定和施工安全,一般地段按一般隧道组织施工。安全穿越岩溶地段的前提是做好施工前的地质预报工作,摸清岩溶沿隧道轴线的分布位置、大小、岩溶水流向、压力、流量、补给源等,然后从两个方面对溶洞进行处理:一是岩溶水处理,二是溶洞的封填处理,对开挖中已暴露的溶洞,按溶洞处在隧道的
12、位置和大小,实测后,编制封堵方案并报业主、设计、监理批复后实施。对已探测到的岩溶水,按设计的治水原则,编制治水方案报业主、设计、监理批复后实施。岩溶段隧道施工对策见表1.1。表1.1岩溶段隧道施工对策表序号项目技术对策1超前预报TSP系统、地质雷达、红外探水仪及其它地质仪器预测预报2岩溶预报定性预测;超前预报;洞内超前钻孔预报;隧底预探预报3岩溶水处理方案注浆堵水;暗沟排水;管道排水;涵洞、泄水洞排水;渗沟、铺砌排水;4小型溶洞处理方案浆砌封闭、回填压实;护拱防护、隧道回填;换填片石、加强衬砌;隧道底板梁5规模较大溶洞处理方案支顶加固支承墙加固;支承柱嵌补加固;拱桥支顶加固;挖孔桩支顶加固跨越
13、简支梁跨越;栈桥跨越;拱顶跨越;边墙拱跨越;整体浮放、支托跨越6岩溶隧道施工开挖(同软弱围岩)微震爆破技术;预加固、短进尺、弱爆破、强支护、勤量测、快衬砌的方针;微台阶、短台阶支护预加固;加强支护及初期支护衬砌防裂、防渗、防漏预注浆堵水;设置防排水系统,衬砌采用防水混凝土;设置有效的排水系统;混凝土一次浇筑成型;减少施工缝,施工缝设置止水带。1.2岩溶预测预报1.2.1定性预测方法及步骤采用地貌、地质调查与地质推理相结合的方法,并进行定性预测。其具体方法及步骤见表1.2.1。1.2.2地表复查预测地表复查了解隧道轴线地段的地下水与地表落水洞、断层、泉水暗河的对应关系。查清降雨与地下水位、暗河出
14、口的水位关系,升降时间、滞后时间、变化幅度,查清地下水的补给、泾流、排泄条件,分点绘制Q-T曲线,摸清地下水规律、来源,宏观预测洞身各段可能涌水情况、地下水来源和形成溶洞的可能性。1.2.3洞内超前钻孔预探预报超前钻孔是在长、短期地质预报的基础上再采用超前探水孔进行验证。在开挖面布置超前钻孔,孔底超出开挖轮廓线外1.5m,因岩溶裂隙管导分布很不规律,探水孔不一定遇到岩溶管道,因此在钻爆破孔时将拱顶和隧道底钻孔加深进行超前探测,孔深5m以上,如遇溶洞,采取超前支护、注浆堵水等措施通过。表1.2.1 定性预测方法及步骤步骤预测方法第一步收集区域地形、地质、水文资料以及铁路地质资料,通过这些资料分析
15、岩溶地貌特征第二步对隧道所处地区的地表岩溶地貌, 区域内出露的溶洞以及隧道施工已揭露的溶洞形态、规模、位置的调查,以及隧道的地质构造和岩性的调查,研究分析隧道所在地区的岩溶地貌规律,尤其是层状水平溶洞的发育规律,包括水平溶洞的层数,层的高程,各层溶洞的规模等第三步预测溶洞形态,将隧道高程与区域内水平溶洞高程对比,确定隧道是否处在地下水动力带,据此预测隧道可能遇到溶洞的形态,判定水平溶洞或竖直溶洞。第四步预测溶洞规模,根据隧道已揭露的溶洞规模和隧道各段的岩性、出水规律、地质构造以及岩溶地貌发育的情况,推测隧道可能遇到的溶洞的规模第五步预测溶洞出现频及位置,根据隧道各段的岩性、地质构造以及地表岩溶
16、发育的情况,推测隧道溶洞出现频率、发育溶洞的位置或段落。1.2.4隧底岩溶探查隧底探查是对事先测绘的地质资料布孔的补充,对岩溶较发育和发育地段进行钻探。通过隧底大量钻探、物探、岩溶调查等综合手段取得的资料进行分析,查明隧底岩溶,以便采取相应的加固措施。除了上述几种预探预报方法外,在隧道施工期间还须加强对地表河床、断裂薄弱地带、已塌陷坑及洞内施工地质等观测,定期提出地质预报和决策建议,为制定岩溶整治方案提供依据。1.3岩溶地段地下水处理1.3.1地下水处理原则对岩溶含水层采取“以堵为主,限量排放”的原则。采用“防、排、堵、截结合,因地制宜综合治理的方式;对穿越岩溶地段,尽量维系岩溶的既有通道,不
17、随意封堵溶洞。施工中,根据不同的隧道纵坡采取不同的排水方式,确保施工安全。岩溶地段防灾、减灾主要是针对突泥突水问题,施工中要做到对岩溶地段的地下水提前预测预报。1.3.2维系岩溶既有通道,采用暗沟排水在查明水源流向及其与隧道位置的关系后,用暗管、涵洞、小桥等设施渲泄水流或开凿引水洞将水排出洞外,再用混凝土、浆砌片石或干砌片石予以回填封闭;当岩溶水流的位置在隧道顶部时或高于隧道顶部时,在适当距离处,开凿引水斜洞(或引水槽)将水位降低到隧底标高以下,再行引排,见图1.3.2。图1.3.2 暗沟排水示意图1.3.3注浆堵水,维系地下水平衡施工原则:在岩溶地区铁路隧道建设中曾遇到大量岩溶突水涌泥现象,
18、并诱发地表塌陷和水源枯竭,有可能给生产、生活带来许多危害,对水环境带来不利影响,采取注浆堵水措施,维系地下水平衡。注浆能切断地下水从开挖面排放通道,从而起到保护水环境作用,起到安全施工的作用。为保护水环境,维护生态平衡,采取以注浆为主的方法,保护地下水资源不被破坏。注浆方式:按治水原则,采用多种注浆方式维护水环境,对富水段,采用全断面预注浆,对一般地段,每天排水量不超过限量排放标准的,采用开挖后径向注浆,对超前预注浆段开挖后,流量仍然超过限量排放的,采用局部注浆和补注浆,对突然涌水,采用设止浆墙,先卸压后注浆法通过等。1.3.4小型溶洞的封填处理对地下水不发育的小溶洞,采用浆砌片石或者干砌片石
19、回填处理,必要时压浆填充。浆砌封闭,回填压实:对隧道侧墙通过溶洞,经调查及雨季中考验证明溶洞水对隧道无影响时,施工中采用封闭回填处理。隧道底部采用片石混凝土回填,靠边墙1m范围内用浆砌片石回填,其余回填弃渣,空隙吹砂填满,压注水泥砂浆胶结,见图1.3.4-1。图1.3.4-1 封闭回填处理示意图隧道回填,上部护拱防护:当隧道穿过垂直发育的溶洞,无填充物、干燥、溶洞高大,洞壁有溶蚀裂隙,但已停止发育。处理措施:在隧底以下部分采用块石、碎石回填密实,距隧底1m厚度用浆砌片石回填,拱顶浆砌片石护拱厚1m,其上回填一定厚度干砌片石,以防溶洞有落石掉块时,起到缓冲作用,见图1.3.4-2。换填片石,加强
20、衬砌:在处理规模较小,沿裂隙发育的槽状溶洞时,溶洞有充填物。处理措施:拱部及边墙部位上的溶洞在衬砌外缘设1.0m厚浆砌片石,对隧道底部溶洞,向溶洞方向扩挖1.5m,回填浆砌片石,其上再做50cm厚混凝土,混凝土内设P43钢轨。 图1.3.4-2 护拱防护处理示意图隧底地板梁处理:对隧道底部为充填或有不宜采用其它措施处理的小型空洞采用底板梁加强衬砌通过。如图6.1.3.4-3所示,将隧道铺底或仰拱设计为平板梁,在底板及边墙下部加设钢筋,灌注钢筋混凝土,共同形成钢筋混凝土梁。图1.3.4-3 底板梁处理示意图1.3.5规模较大溶洞的综合处理措施规模较大溶洞处理方法一般有嵌补、支承墙、柱、拱以及用桥
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