r城市道路交叉路口是设计方案的研究.doc
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16、is not necessary to come to the library, workshops, into the villages, people learned farming techniques, problem-solving methods, participation in城市道路交叉路口设计方案的研究 顾嘉燚 韦 芳 李丽君(常熟理工学院 管理学院,江苏 常熟 215500)摘要:城市道路交叉路口是保证城市通行能力的要塞,在城市中起到节点作用。调查表明,常熟市部分市政道路交叉路口存在上下班高峰期交通拥堵、路面标记不清、信号灯设计不合理等问题。本文通过重置行车道,调整绿信比
17、、设置导流岛等方式试图缓解部分路段目前交叉路口的交通压力。关键词:交叉路口 控制 标记 改善对策文献标识码:A 常熟市作为一个历史悠久的古城,小巷胡同遍布。然而随着城市经济的日渐发展,新老城区的接轨还不是很完善,交通系统也逐渐暴露出一些问题。对此,通过多种方式调研了常熟市102个交叉路口,并对其中50多个问题较为集中的路口进行了深入调查。本文将针对交叉路口存在的主要问题进行提出改进建议。一、交叉路口现状在调研过程中共发放160多份调查问卷,通过对问卷反馈的数据进行分析,得到道路交叉路口问题分析统计表(表1)。从表1中可以看出,市内道路交叉口的问题集中体现在三个方面:人为因素,约36.5%的市民
18、交通规范意识薄弱,乱穿马路现象较为严重;信号灯及设置问题,约32.4%的信号灯存在配时设置不合理的现象,如部分路口不论高峰平峰都只有黄灯示意减速慢行,而没有充分利用红绿灯进行车流量的调控设计;交叉路口设计问题,约31.1%的问卷调查表明本市部分交叉路口的设计不合理,如自行车等待区域占用了一个半机动车道大小,路面标记给机动车道增加了压力。而通过实地调研发现中这三个问题所占的比例分别为42.2%,37.3%,35.3%,和问卷调查所得结论基本一致。 此外,调研中还发现,不同时段交叉路口处车流量有较大差距(图1),高峰时期巨大车流量的冲击致使很多本来就存在问题的路口,拥堵情况更加严重。表1 道路交叉
19、路口问题分析统计表序号代表路口名称代表数量主要问题人为因素信号灯及设置问题交叉路口设计问题1青莲路232招商南路213沙家浜路14海虞南路255金沙江路186湘江东路14问卷统计问题比例/36.5%32.1%31.1%实地调研问题比例/42.2%37.3%35.3%图1 不同时间段车流量差异图二、问题及原因分析1、行车道宽度及数量无法满足车、人流量的通行按国家颁布的相关标准,城市道路每车道宽度为3.5米,交叉路口分流车道每车道为2.32.5米。根据我市各城市道路建设经验:四车道采用1516m,六车道2324m,八车道3032m。表2 车流量较少典型路口记录表路口名称单车道宽车道数(双向)交叉口
20、车道数单向车流量h琴湖路31+11+2800-900金沙江路3.83+33+4800-900湘江东路3.81+11+2700-800华山路3.51+11+1800-900阜湖路3.52+22+2700-800表3 车流量较多典型路口记录表路口名称单车道宽车道数(双向)交叉口车道数单向车流量h海虞北路3.53+33+41000-1200招商西路32+22+31000-1100青莲路 2.5 2 2 900-1000珠江路3.52+22+3900-1000对于表2和表3,常熟的车道宽度大多符合标准。但由于现在经济日渐发展,一定程度上加重了交通的负担,在一些商贸密集区的路口车道宽度及车道数少于车流量
21、不密集道路口,导致车道宽度及车道数已无法满足要求,使某些地区在车流量较多的时候,车辆无法正常通行,出现了交通拥堵的现象。2、绿信比配时不合理信号灯及设置问题中约80%存在绿灯配时设置不合理的现象。这里我们需要了解两个概念关于绿信比的配时: 绿信比绿信比是用来反应交通灯一个周期内可用于车辆通行的时间比例的指标值,通常用表示。=Tg/(Tg+Tr)其中:Tg表示一个周期中的绿灯时间Tr表示一个周期中的红灯时间Tg+Tr表示红绿灯信号周期; 车辆密度车辆密度是反应车流量在单位时间内通行量的指标值,通常用表示。=N/(L/2)其中:N 表示单位时间前后两段路上的车辆总数表示绿灯周期内车道交叉口前、后两
22、段路车辆的平均密度L 表示长为L 车道另外,单位时间前后两段路上的车辆总数,与车道上的流入车辆和流出车辆有关。因为不同边界条件, 道路的交通状况是不一样的, 则绿信比对交通的影响也不同, 如图2所示,绿灯周期内的车辆密度在不同流入车辆下随绿信比的变化情况: 图2 绿信比道路交通影响从图2可以看出: 当= 0.1时,不论如何变化,对应的都是渐近于零,即的取值对交通流无影响(信号灯无控制效果); 当= 1时,取00.6时,会随着的增大而增大; 当= 1时,取0.61时,是比当1时的任何车辆密度都大,处于拥堵状态,的取值对交通已无明显影响。所以,随着流入车辆增大, 进入路段的车辆增多, 如果绿灯时间
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