wb08石材双切面背栓式干挂施工工法.doc

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1、is suffering. Cao County officials, little my, a total turn off. A feudal County there are such feelings, as leading cadres in the new period, we also adhere to assuming power for the people, resolutely abandoned as taipingguan , idle , pleasure , dedicated focus on development, work, do worthy part

2、y, worthy under. Only really establish the power of assuming power for the people, is the party and the people need to be qualified, competent cadres. 2. to correctly deal with the power to solve the how to use the right issue. Hold a certain amount of power in the hands of leading cadres. How to co

3、rrectly use the power, the key is to keep the servants heart and always fear the heart of every chuyigongxin. In particular, it is to correctly deal with the good and the exercise of human rights, property rights and responsibilities. Use of human rights was to improve team unity, with a good team,

4、fully mobilize the enthusiasm of cadres and workers. In his merit, and do not demand perfection, love heart, talent wise, but also of the capacity of, of the arts, and put each staffs intelligence. Use of property rights is in accordance with the financial discipline, good financial management. To c

5、arry forward the style of hard struggle, firmly oppose extravagance and waste, used his limited resources to the construction and development of knife, especially in terms of expenditure on major projects and major research on collective, collective control, increased transparency. Use power is to c

6、huyigongxin, adhere to principles, administration by law, right to fair use, cannot fail to give good service, giving benefit Act. Mastery of principle and flexibility, to meet the requirement, consistent with the programs immediate handling; supposed to do and do not try to find a way to hold on to

7、 Office; according to policies and regulations must not or cannot afford to do is to do a detailed explanation. 3. to correctly deal with the temptations of power, determined to prevent abuse of power. Power is a public resource and people through a consignment program, powers handed over to the res

8、ponsible departments to implement, all power remains with the people. Now some leading cadres cannot properly exercise their powers, one of the main reasons is that there is no clear powers are in the hands of individuals and belongs to the people, is behind the forgotten power of the great trust of

9、 the people, resulting in abuses of power . Career and future. Is the second economic accounts do not go bankrupt. Because of crime, sunk all their savings, the accumulation, but also because the return illicit money involved family members. Three considered honorary accounts do not ruin. Due to the

10、 illegal and criminal, corrosion has received the honor for his dedication and efforts, being rejected. Four is home account, not separated from their families. Families are happy Harbor, ruined because of crime, bring great pain and suffering to relatives. They have failed their parents his wife an

11、d children, corrupt officials is profound psychological feelings. Five is family books, not isolated. Harmonious affinity, consanguinity, shattered by corruption harm suffered, losing precious family, friendship, to live in regret. Six is free account, not thrown into jail (audio l ngy , prisons). O

12、nly the loss of freedom, will take care of free skin feeling. Seven is health account, not devastated. Because of lawlessness, even if there is no crime, all day in fear and sleepless, after the incident, more weary because of the tremendous pressure, damage to their health.1.工法特点1.0.1石材背栓锚固点抗剪能力强，可

13、适用于大规模石材幕墙的安装，能有效地抵御地震冲击和动力荷载作用。1.0.2双切面抗震型背栓，由于锚栓底部不受正风压影响，可适用于现有各种高度，及最大风压地区使用。1.0.3专用石材打孔机可自动化扩孔，石材打孔极为方便。1.0.4安装方法极为简便，误差便于调整，便于大面积展开施工，施工工期短。1.0.5安装质量和外观质量有保证。2适用范围2.0.1适用于建筑外立面采用石材装饰的幕墙工程。2.0.2适用的单块石材面积不大于5.5；单块石材重量不大于700；石材厚度不小于25。3工艺原理3.0.1双切面背栓连接的石材幕墙技术原理，是在石材板背面用特殊工具通过无损高速切削出四个可控制板厚的双切面扩底孔

14、腔，孔腔内安装带有柔性套管和垫片的锚栓，然后再把锚栓通过连接件（挂件）与幕墙龙骨紧密连接，在缓冲套垫的作用下，动荷载耐疲劳性能强，适用范围广，抗震性能强。有效提高了石材幕墙的抗剪及抗震性能。3.0.2 双切面背栓是指通过拓孔和切除公差的二个切面的金刚石钻头，在石材背面切孔底部扩大孔，并且在石材背部表面将多余板厚切除，然后将背栓打入孔内后固定挂件与龙骨相连。如图3.0.1所示：图3.0.1双切面抗震型后切背栓单挂点群锚安装3.0.3 尺寸大于1.5m1.5m的超大规格石材干挂应采用群锚技术。群锚是在单个挂点单颗锚栓无法满足承载力情况下，在单个挂点处增加锚栓。图3.0.2群锚安装示意图4工艺流程及

15、操作要点4.1工艺流程4.1.1石材双切面背栓式干挂施工工艺流程见图4.1.1施工准备材料准备石材分格图设计安装节点设计龙骨体系设计石材加工制作龙骨加工制作测量放线、验线进场前检验进场前检验测量放线、验线背栓定位、打孔清理检查安装背栓安装挂件主龙骨安装、调整次龙骨安装、调整保温板安装导水板安装防火系统安装避雷系统安装隐蔽工程验收石材安装、调整打胶、清理检查验收图4.1.1工艺流程图4.2操作要点4.2.1深化设计要点1石材背栓孔位设计石材孔位设计一般为板材长边1/5，短边1/3处，孔与孔之间的距离应大于石材应力破坏范围。群锚孔位设计：单个挂点上的的孔间距应大于120应力破坏范围，且必须在同一水

16、平线上。图4.2.1群锚孔位设计示意图以40厚花岗岩石材为例，背栓孔深25，背栓孔间距不应小于100。3石材板缝一般不应小于10。4龙骨体系设计应满足金属与石材幕墙工程技术规范（JGJ133-2001）要求。4.2.2石材打孔石材必须经检查合格后开始钻孔，在通过带水钻孔时，应进行在线检查，是否有隐伤出现，所以在线检查是质量检查的关键环节，石材完全合格后方可安装锚栓，钻孔用机械设备要经调试运行合格。打孔质量直接影响到背栓的牢固程度和幕墙的安全性。开孔过程中注意按要求更换钻头，一般每500个孔更换一次，同时对已打好的孔用专用工具检查孔径、孔深和扩孔质量。钻孔深度不应小于15mm，且不应大于2/3板

17、厚。进场石材背栓孔质量验收项目为：孔位置、孔直径、孔深和扩孔质量。对进场石材进行严格验收，有不合格孔的石材，退场重新加工。4.2.3背栓安装施工安装背栓时，应确保栓孔清洁无损坏现象，方可装入背栓。背栓孔深度、大小必须和背栓规格一致。拓孔后应立即安装锚栓，在没有及时安装锚栓的背栓孔内应采用压缩空气吹干净，整洁无杂物碎屑后立即安装，安装背栓时应保证石材水平放置在平整坚硬的物体表面，采用铁锤垂直下落通过专用套筒将背栓敲入孔内。背栓必须安装到孔底，严禁植入半孔中。已安装好的背栓，外露丝扣长度不应少于2个螺距。背栓安装完成应垂直于石材板面，不得歪斜松动，并做好成品保护。严禁碰撞已安装好的背栓。4.2.4

18、龙骨体系安装施工1竖龙骨安装根据龙骨加工图对进场龙骨各类连接孔进行检查验收：竖龙骨与钢伸臂连接孔为圆孔，钢伸臂为横向长孔。由下至上采用不锈钢螺栓把竖龙骨连接在钢伸臂上，要求垫好方垫片，弹簧垫压平，螺栓拧紧。上下竖龙骨间用芯筒连接。每排竖龙骨施工完后，方垫片和钢伸臂间应进行防滑移焊接。2支托件安装根据竖龙骨上的支托件连接孔位置，把支托件用不锈钢螺栓（带方垫片和弹簧垫）连接在竖龙骨上，暂时不拧紧。待横龙骨安装调整后再拧紧，进行抗滑移焊接。3横龙骨安装每一竖向分区先安装最上、最下两根横龙骨，上下拉好尼龙控制线，根据弹在外维护墙上的横龙骨标高线，由下至上依次安装。支托件和横龙骨连接螺栓为2个，要求螺栓

19、必须拧紧，确保标高和平面位置准确。龙骨体系验收完毕，可进行施工外墙保温板。4连接件安装用不锈钢螺栓把连接件固定在横龙骨上，弹簧垫压平。上、下连接件必须在同一平面位置，这直接影响到石材的垂直度和幕墙的平整度。连接件可以在横龙骨上里外调节。上连接件的立板上开有5 mm宽豁口，以便铝合金挂件上的防滑移螺钉拧入豁口，确保每块石材左右稳定。5防雷接地施工横、竖龙骨安装完毕，按照规范要求，每层采用10镀锌钢筋和竖龙骨焊接连接，然后与结构柱子、框架梁上的防雷接地点焊接。6防火带施工应采用层间防火方案，防火带在每层周圈的框架边梁上，用两层2厚镀锌铁皮，内部填充100厚防火棉，接缝打防火胶，防火带必须闭合交圈。

20、7石材安装施工（1）石材安装分区进行，由下至上分区进行安装。每一区大角、拐角、分格缝都要挂竖向石材面控制线。大角采用细铅丝，分格缝采用尼龙线。（2）把石材吊装到比安装位置高150地方，铝合金上、下挂件对准连接件，慢慢落下，控制好竖向板缝宽度。调整上挂件的高度调节螺栓，使石材水平且横向板缝均匀。（3）为了安全和便于进一步调整，此时手动导链依然要挂住石材，用靠尺检查石材垂直度和接缝平整度，偏差超过允许范围的，把石材微微吊起，用专用扳手松开连接件螺栓，调整连接件位置。（4）调整完毕后，拧紧螺栓和防滑移螺钉，全部松开导链，安装上一块石材，顺序安装至每一区施工完毕。吊装过程中尤其注意对已经安装好的石材和

21、吊装石材的成品保护。石材安装要严格控制缝隙宽度和缝隙顺直。安装过程中，应避免下挂件内的尼龙条脱落。每块石材安装好后，手动用力里外搬石材下口，检查是否有错动现象。如有错动，应检查下挂件内尼龙条是否脱落。5材料与设备5.1材料要求5.1.1在工程施工前应由生产厂家提供以下试验报告：锚栓拉伸试验、剪切试验；锚固件抗拉拔承载能力试验、锚固的长期静载试验、锚固的荷载疲劳试验，即反复荷载的疲劳试验。5.1.2对于超过规范要求的大型石材幕墙，重点工程项目或对幕墙结构有特殊抗震要求的，要在工程施工前进行抗震试验。5.1.3背栓锚固的石材的厚度应满足现行行业标准金属与石材幕墙工程技术规范（JGJ133-2001

22、）中石材最小厚度的要求。5.2材料与设备5.2.1背栓背栓式锚栓的螺杆、钢套、螺母。应采用优质奥氏体不锈钢或其它经检验符合要求的不锈钢钢材；柔性套筒和尼龙垫片应采用具有优良耐久性的高性能材料。1背栓的几何尺寸应满足产品设计图纸要求，出厂质量检验要求如下：1）尺寸及公差：采用游标卡尺测量。2）材料：优质奥氏体不锈钢（Ocr18Ni9）技术要求按GB1220执行。聚酰胺1010树脂按HG2349执行。3）螺纹公差：用螺纹规测量。4）机械性能应符合表5.2.1-1的规定。表5.2.1-1背栓出厂机械性能质量检查表材料不锈钢符合GB1220要求螺纹公差6g标准符合GB196 GB197要求机械性能等级

23、A2或A4-5070标准符合GB3098.6的要求公差产品等级C级标准符合3103.1的要求表面缺陷不得存在肉眼可见裂纹5）以同一原料、同品种、同规格生产的产品为一批；采用随机抽样方法，在任意包装盒内取样3-5件，共抽取100件。检验分型式检验和出厂检验，由厂家委托进行。出现以下现象为不合格品：用磁铁检查，尚能导磁的；表面用肉眼检查有裂纹的；用螺纹规检查不合格的。背栓出厂应有合格证。背栓在运输及储存中，应防止腐蚀、污染及损坏。背栓上应注明规格（钢印）。5.2.2挂件应根据石板材的大小、形式，以及建筑物结构和装饰的特点进行选择，可采用铝合金等材料做成,在挂件与横梁材料不同时考虑腐蚀作用，一般增加

24、柔性丁基橡胶或工程尼龙抗震垫来解决。挂件要牢固可靠，加工制作方便，安装简单。必须是工厂批量加工，精度高，厚度不宜小于3mm。5.2.3石材1石材的弯曲强度应符合现行行业标准金属与石材幕墙工程技术规范（JGJ133-2001）的要求，弯曲强度不应小于8Mpa。2对于超大规格石材（即单块石材面积大于1.5m2）的强度要求：弯曲强度不应小于10.0Mpa。5.2.4设备表5.2.1-2主要施工设备序号设 备 名 称规格、型号备 注1石材钻孔机国 产2空气压缩机W-1.6/10国 产3台 钻Z51213国 产4钻攻两用机ZS4112B国 产5直流弧焊机AS4-300-1国 产6砂轮切割机J3G2-40

25、0国 产7经 纬 仪国 产8水 准 仪国 产9电 焊 机国 产10吊带国 产11检查工具国 产12云石机国 产13电动葫芦国 产14手动葫芦国 产15倒链国 产5.2.4参加施工时的人员必须进行技术培训，经考核合格后企业发给上岗证，方可上岗操作。6质量控制和验收6.0.1操作人员应按照表6.0.1-1中的检验要求及偏差范围，用专用检查工具检查钻孔质量，第一次钻孔要用废石材试钻，以后每调换一次钻头首先检查和调整孔径，钻50个孔检查一次。表6.0.1-1背栓孔质量检验表序号检验项目允许偏差（mm）工具检验要求1孔数量肉眼观测必须符合设计图纸要求2孔的位置0.5盒尺必须符合设计图纸要求。3孔径（dz

26、）M6(mm)+0.4-0.2电子游标卡尺符合要求M8(mm)符合要求4扩孔孔径（dn）M6(mm)0.3电子游标卡尺符合要求M8(mm)符合要求5孔深（hv）+0.4-0.1电子游标卡尺符合要求6外切面槽电子游标卡尺符合要求7外露丝扣肉眼观测2P（螺距）注：孔位与孔距偏差之和不应大于1.0mm。6.0.2经自检合格的背栓孔，由质检员随机抽样进行检验，以一个工班内不超过1000个钻孔为一验收批，随机抽检10%。当合格率小于100%时，应加倍抽检，复检中合格率仍小于100%时，应对全部背栓孔逐个进行检验。重点检查双切面间的孔深，多孔时还应检查各孔间的定位精度。6.0.3产品标识：检验合格的背栓孔

27、的石材，应立即盖“合格”字样的印章标识，封盖保护或尽快安装插入背栓，运到专用地堆放，也应加盖保护。凡有不合格孔的石板材，不得进入下道工序，把不合格孔的部位标识清楚，并查明原因。6.0.4石材不合格孔的处理：当检查出有不合格孔的石材，必须经有关技术人员确认并提出处理意见，可采用改变孔位或作报废处理等办法。6.0.5石材颜色应均匀，色泽、花纹应同样板一致。石材表面不得有凹坑、缺角、裂、斑痕。6.0.6石材与龙骨体系安装质量应符合金属与石材幕墙工程技术规范（JGJ133-2001）的规定。7安全措施7.0.1石材幕墙按装施工的安全措施应符合建筑施工高处作业安全技术规范（JGJ80）的规定。7.0.2

28、按照施工现场临时用电验收规范JGJ-4688规定执行；7.0.3按照国家建筑工程局颁发的建设安装工人安全技术操作规程，上级和本企业制定的有关规定执行。7.0.4未安装背栓的石材孔用海绵堵塞，严禁落入异物，背栓安装完成后严禁碰撞。7.0.5在石材板材安装时，操作平台上的废弃杂物应及时清理，不得把施工用具放置在窗台上，以免坠落。8环保措施8.0.1施工现场设有专门的加工场，可进行石材打孔、加工。在加工过程中产生的废料、污水及时回收清理。8.0.2注重施工过程中对废弃材料的收集与利用，降低施工成本，减少施工污染。9效益分析9.0.1提高了幕墙的安全性、稳定性和装饰效果。9.0.2提升了石材板材的利用

29、率，减少材料浪费，安装简便，降低工人劳动强度，且施工工期短，创造了可观的效益。9.0.3施工用料均采用工厂化加工，最大限度的减少了施工现场噪音和粉尘，达到绿色环保要求，美化环境。9.0.4双切面背栓式干挂法刷新了石材板幕墙最大1.5平方和8度地震设防的纪录。通过了国家技术监督局幕墙风洞测试，达国际领先水平。社会效益显著。10应用实例10.0.12001年，我公司承接了*部办公楼工程施工任务。*部办公楼工程，位于北京市*街*侧，总建筑面积40650，建筑檐高39.75m。外幕墙主要为石材幕墙和玻璃幕墙，石材幕墙面积约为13650 。幕墙石材板块尺寸为2.81.8m，厚0.04m，重达0.6吨，超

30、出了规范限制，这在国内外石材幕墙工程中较为罕见，给设计和施工提出了较大难度。且北京是高烈度抗震设防地区，大型石材幕墙的安装技术和连接构件都必须满足抗震要求。为此，我们专门组成石材幕墙QC技术应用攻关小组，通过对比性科学研究分析，最终采用双切面抗震型背栓式干挂工艺，解决了施工难题，保证了施工质量。 工程竣工后，石材幕墙施工质量完全满足幕墙工程及装饰工程验收规范。其优良的性能，快捷的安装速度，以及良好的社会效益，受到甲方及各评审专家的一致好评。该工程QC小组荣获2003度“全国工程建设优秀QC小组”第一名，工程先后获得北京市建筑长城杯金奖、国家建筑工程“鲁班奖”、全国建筑业新技术应用示范工程、“詹

31、天佑”土木工程大奖的殊荣，其中外装石材幕墙作为大楼装饰的一个亮点的得到了各方专家的好评。10.0.22004年，我公司承接的*办公楼工程，石材幕墙面积约为8800。最大石材板块规格为2.31.8m，40mm厚，重达470公斤。采用了石材双切面背栓式干挂工艺，解决了30倾斜安装大规格石材板块的施工难题，满足抗震要求，提高了施工质量，充分体现双切面抗震型背栓式干挂工艺安全可靠性。10.0.32005年5月承建的*办公楼改建工程由主楼、南、北楼、接待中心四部分组成，建筑外墙采用石材加玻璃幕墙装饰，石材幕墙装饰总面积约22000平方米，选用国产的较浅色的冷色调石材，石材幕墙选用45和30厚荔枝面花岗岩

32、板材。由于石材幕墙安装面积大、工期紧，而且*部办公楼地处*西侧，给施工带来了很大难度，以往的干挂方法很难满足业主对施工工期的要求，所以我们采用石材双切面背栓式干挂工艺，不仅保证施工质量，缩短了工期，更取得良好的经济效益，受到甲方、设计院的好评。Through a truly good life seven accounts as a preventive measure, guard for the first time, take every step of the political duties, always be honest and keeping qualities. Secon

33、d, Shendu, to endure loneliness. Known as Shendu was under no supervision and strict self-discipline, fastidiously carefully, not to do anything that would violate the principle of moral beliefs and things. Liang said in his book of admonitions: contributes to self-cultivation, thrifty to keep Germa

34、ny; non-indifferent not insist your dream, without serenity not go far. Zeng Guofan said: solitude is peace of mind. Study the way MO to yangxin; hard of heart, and solitude. Cautiousness, neishengbujiu, geology of spirits to heaven. Cautiousness is a character, a culture, a discipline, a forthright

35、, is an important standard of measuring a persons own accomplishments. Leading cadres must hold his own, very important is to be good at careful alone, with little supervision and self-reflection, self dissect in the event of, and consciously overcome all kinds of temptation, his realm of thought, m

36、oral standards and continuously improve. Some cadres often in public, collective activities, supervised, according to the book, set strict demands on themselves, and away from the Organization, unsupervised when they relax the constraints on yourself, indulge yourself, to make a mistake too late, an

37、d only when. Therefore, the leading cadres should always set strict demands on themselves, what is right, check what, cautiousness is not beyond the pale, so people after the same, eight hours inside and outside the same sample, there is no supervision, always adhere to the true colors, and strict a

38、dherence to, and abide by their own. Third, carefully, and pipe sections. Details may be small character. Large and section is always unified, interdependent of each other. On one section, things cant pass the leader, its hard to guodeying at large. The ancients said: from the micro, bad self-made.

39、Cadres, adhere to the bottom line, your micro-caution. Leaders because of its status and functions are different from the general public, their mannerisms, style of life has a wind vane on social roles. People who tend to leading cadres circle . Into feasting place became lost sheep. Ultimately, all

40、 because of desire for help. The ancients said: for not, inter alia, such as moth light, burn was; corruption-free, if the planet (the sound sh ) wine, whip, till the blood. In other words, desire if it is not, inter alia, like moths to a lamp, burns stopped; graft without end, like orangutans drink

41、ing until urine killed continue. Abandonment and uncontrolled desire, will inevitably lead to self-destruction. Being the leading cadres, must curb its selfish expansion, caution with the lure of money, materialism, sex, withstand various tests, against uneasy desire, to pursue a healthy life, to no

42、t more than rules, no loss to Germany, and not in conflict with the law. Leaders how do caution to, how anti-have live temptation, key to do four a tube live, that tube live himself of mouth, shouldnt eat of not eat, shouldnt drink of not drink; tube live himself of leg, shouldnt to of place not to,

43、 shouldnt run of place not run; tube live himself of hand, shouldnt received of money not received, shouldnt received of ceremony not received; tube live himself of brain, shouldnt wants to of things didnt want to, shouldnt crush of things not crush, do weight to tree good itself image, introspection to keep party pure, since police to prevent moral landslide, Self-excitation in pursuit of human sublimation. Five are wary of the25