定语从句语法材料.doc

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1、The Attributive Clause (定语从句)一、概念: 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。Eg. He is the boy who often goes to school late.A letter that is written in pencil is difficult to read.定语从句在句中起_ _的作用，被定语从句修饰的词叫_ _；引导定语从句的词叫 _, 代表被修饰的先行词，通常放在 _ _之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。EX. Join two sentences into one（把两个句子连成一句话）.1.The boy

2、is my brother. He helped me. 2.The film is interesting. They saw it last night 3.The students will not pass the exam. They dont work hard.二、关系词：1、引导定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that , who, which ,whom, whose1) A plane is a machine _ _can fly.2) The car my uncle bought last week was stolen.3) The student

3、s _ dont study hard will not pass the exam.4) The woman _ you saw in the park is our English teacher.5) He talked happily about the men and books_ _ interested him greatly in the school.6）Mary is the girl _ mother is a doctor.7)Those _ _break the law will be punished.归纳：先行词为人时用_ , 先行词为物时用 。关系代词在定语从句

4、中作 _ 成分。 下列定语从句只能用that来引导：1.先行词为形容词最高级所修饰 This is the longest bridge that I have ever seen. 2.先行词为序数词所修饰 This is the first composition that he has ever written in English.3.先行词既包括人又包括物They talked of things and persons that happened in the school.4.主句是who或which开头的特殊疑问句中的定语从句 Who is the man that came

5、this morning? Which is the bag that you lost?5.先行词为the only, the very, the last, the same所修饰的定语从句 He is the very person that the police are looking for.This is the only thing that I can remember.6.先行词是everything, nothing, something, all, little, much, everybody等不定代词 Tell us everything that you know,

6、 please. Is there anything that you dont understand?7.先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修饰时All that glitters is not gold. Ive read all the books that you gave me. 只能用which 不用that的情况: 1)、在非限制性定语从句 2)、在介词后面The weather turned out to be very good, was more than we could expect.This is the book

7、in _ _ you are interested.先行词为人时只能用who不用 that的情况： 1)、先行词为,he, one, ones或anyone. Anyone who is late must be punished.2)、先行词为those. Those who leave the room last must turn off the lights.3)、在there be开头的句子中。There is a man who calls himself Mr. Wu at the gate. 4)、在非限制性定语从句中。John ,who is teacher here, co

8、mes from America.2、关系副词：when, where, why 1).October 1, 1949 is the day _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded. 2).Ill never forget the time _ we worked on the farm.3).The hotel _we stayed wasnt very clean.4)The accident had reached to a point _both parents are to be called in.5)The reason _he w

9、as late was that he missed his train.归纳：先行词为时间名词用_,先行词为原因（reason）用_, 先行词为地点名词或situation,point 用_ _。关系副词在定语从句中作_ _成分。 特殊：如果先行词是the way，可用that、in which引导定语从句，或不用关系代词。This is the way that / in which he speaks to me.三、关系代词和关系副词的选择在定语从句中，如果先行词是时间,地点,原因时，就一定选择when, where,why吗？1.Have you been to the factor

10、y _I worked last year?2.Have you been to the factory _makes car parts?3.Have you been to the factory _we visited last week?4.I will never forget the days _I visited Paris with you.5.I will never forget the days_ I spent on the farm.6. I will never forget the days _we worked together.7.I didnt know t

11、he reason _he was so angry.8. Is this the reason _he explained at the meeting?归纳：在定语从句中，如果先行词是时间,地点,原因时，首先要弄清代替先行词的关系词在定语从句中_成分，如果作_，应选用关系代词，如果作_，应选用关系副词。Ex. Fill in the blanks with proper words.Do you have a friend _ 1_ you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? What is

12、a friend? In my opinion, a friend can always come to you at the moment _2 you can turn to him for help. A friend is the very person_3_ you are always concerned about. He or she is a person _ 4_ family know you, too. The qualities 5_ are the most important in a friend are loyalty, warmth, and the abi

13、lity to keep secrets.That is the reason _ 6_ everyone needs friends.四、关系代词与人称代词或指示代词的选择 如果两个分句中间用逗号隔开，要求考生在第二个分句填入一个代词，考生首先要弄清句子结构。第二分句前如有and,but,or,so等词或分号，它就是并列分句，要用人称代词或指示代词。第二分句前如无and,but,or,so等词或分号，它就是一个非限制性定语从句，因此应选用关系代词。Alice received an invitation from her boss,which came as a surprise.Toms

14、mother kept telling him that he should work harder,but it didnt help.1）There are 52 students in our class, of _nearly 40 are League members2）Some 134,000 Chinese students went to study abroad, and 120,000 of were self-funded students.3）Mr Brown has two daughters, both of _are doctors.Mr Brown has tw

15、o daughters, and both of _are doctors.Mr Brown has two daughters; both of _are doctors.Mr Brown has two daughters. Both of _are doctors.五、“介词关系代词”即“介词whom/which”1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素A.与先行词的搭配关系1）I will never forget the day _which I joined the army.2) I will never forget the days _which I worked in the

16、school.B. 与谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Have you found the book _I paid29 US dollars?2) Have you found the book _ I spent29 US dollars?3) Have you found the book _ we learnt a lot?Whos the comrade whom you just shook hands? 六、as和which引导的非限制性定语从句用法比较as与 which在非限制性定语从句中，都可指代整个主句，但as引导的从句可放在主句的句首, 句中或句尾，常译成 “正如.” ，而 whi

17、ch引导的从句只可放在主句的句尾，可指代前面的某个词或整个主句，对主句的评论，可译成“这”。as 用于非限制性定语从句，常见以下句型：as you know, as is known to all, as anybody can see, as was expected, as we can imagineAs we have seen, oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.Oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth，as we have seen,.This was the Ameri

18、can Civil War, which lasted 4 years before the North won in the end.He likes dogs, which surprised me a lot.1）He arrived late, _was annoying.2) She has remarried, _ delighted us.3) _was usual at the weekend, the club was almost emptyas 引导定语从句的固定搭配1） This is not such a good engine _ I expected to be.

19、2) From this library we can borrow as many books_ we want to read.3) This is the same (kind of) pen _ I lost yesterday.比较：This is the same pen (the very pen) _I lost yesterday.4）He is such a lovely boy _we all like .比较：He is such a lovely boy _we all like him. 巩固练习：Fill in the blanks with proper wor

20、ds.1.While she was getting me settled into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20kms away _there was a garage.(07)2. Jane paused in front of a counter _ _ some attractive ties were on display.(09)3. He filled his leather con

21、tainer so that he could bring some back to an elder had been his teacher.(10)4. Behind him were other people to 21 he was trying to talk, but after some minutes he walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.(11)5.She would like to read the novel _cover is red.6.The only thing, of_ I am not sure, i

22、s the idiom. 7.This is the third time _ I have been here.8.He is a man with rich experience, from _ much can be learned.9.I hope to get such a dictionary _ he is using.10. Hes the man from _ I learnt the news.11.His grandfather died of cancer last Wednesday, _ made his family very sad. 12._ you can

23、imagine, he handed over his business to his son when he retired.13.Dont make the same mistake _ you did lat time.14.September 18, 1998 is the day _ well never forget.15.I , who _（be ）your friend, will try my best to help you with your English.16. The number of people who _（be）present at the meeting

24、yesterday is 50. 17.He is the only one of the students who _（be）praised by the teacher.He is one of the students who _（be ）praised by the teacher.18. Is this the school _ you visited last year?Is this school _ _ you visited last year?19. The girl _ I think was honest lied to me.The girl _ I think to

25、 be honest lied to me.20. China is no longer _ she was 10 years ago.China is no longer the country _ she was 10 years ago.The Attributive Clause (定语从句答案)一、概念: 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。Eg. He is the boy who often goes to school late.A letter that is written in pencil is difficult to read.定语从句在句中起_定语_的

26、作用，被定语从句修饰的词叫_先行词_； 引导定语从句的词叫_关系词_, 代表被修饰的先行词，通常放在_先行词与从句_之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。EX. Join two sentences into one:1.The boy is my brother. He helped me. _The boy whothat helped me is my brother._2.The film is interesting. They saw it last night The film (that/which) they saw last night is interesting

27、.3.The students will not pass the exam. They dont work hard.The students who/that dont work hard will not pass the exam.二、关系词：1、引导定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that , who, which ,whom, whose1) A plane is a machine _that/which_ can fly.2) The car _that /which_ my uncle bought last week was stolen.3) The s

28、tudents _who/that_ dont study hard will not pass the exam.4) The woman _whom/who_ you saw in the park is our English teacher.5) He talked happily about the men and books_that_ interested him greatly in the school.6）Mary is the girl _whose_ mother is a doctor.7)Those _who_break the law will be punish

29、ed.归纳：先行词为人时用_who, whom, that, whose_, 先行词为物时用that,which,whose_。关系代词在定语从句中作_主语、宾语、定语或表语_ 成分。 下列定语从句只能用that来引导：1.先行词为形容词最高级所修饰 This is the longest bridge that I have ever seen. 2.先行词为序数词所修饰 This is the first composition that he has ever written in English.3.先行词既包括人又包括物They talked of things and person

30、s that happened in the school.4.主句是who或which开头的特殊疑问句中的定语从句 Who is the man that came this morning? Which is the bag that you lost?5.先行词为the only, the very, the last, the same所修饰的定语从句 He is the very person that the police are looking for.This is the only thing that I can remember.6.先行词是everything, not

31、hing, something, all, little, much, everybody等不定代词 Tell us everything that you know, please. Is there anything that you dont understand?7.先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修饰时All that glitters is not gold. Ive read all the books that you gave me. 只能用which 不用that的情况: 1)、在非限制性定语从句 2)、在介词后面The

32、 weather turned out to be very good, _which_ was more than we could expect.This is the book in _which_ you are interested.先行词为人时只能用who不用 that的情况： 1)、先行词为one, ones或anyone. Anyone who is late must be punished.2)、先行词为those. Those who leave the room last must turn off the lights.3)、在there be开头的句子中。There

33、 is a man who calls himself Mr. Wu at the gate. 4)、在非限制性定语从句中。John ,who is teacher here, comes from America.2、关系副词：when, where, why1).October 1, 1949 is the day _when_ the Peoples Republic of China was founded. 2).Ill never forget the time _when_ we worked on the farm.3).The hotel _where_we stayed w

34、asnt very clean.4)The accident had reached to a point _where_both parents are to be called in.5)The reason _why_he was late was that he missed his train.归纳：先行词为时间名词用_when_,先行词为原因（reason）用_why_, 先行词为地点名词或situation,point 用_where_。关系副词在定语从句中作_状语_成分。 特殊：如果先行词是the way，可用that、in which引导定语从句，或不用关系代词。This i

35、s the way that / in which he speaks to me.三、关系代词和关系副词的选择在定语从句中，如果先行词是时间,地点,原因时，就一定选择when, where,why吗？1.Have you been to the factory _where_I worked last year?2.Have you been to the factory _that/which_makes car parts?3.Have you been to the factory _that/which_we visited last week?4.I will never forg

36、et the days _when_I visited Paris with you.5.I will never forget the days_that/which_ I spent on the farm.6. I will never forget the days _when_we worked together.7.I didnt know the reason _why_he was so angry.8. Is this the reason _that/which_he explained at the meeting?归纳：在定语从句中，如果先行词是时间,地点,原因时，首先

37、要弄清代替先行词的关系词在定语从句中_所作的_成分，如果作_主语、宾语_、表语_，应选用关系代词，如果作_状语_，应选用关系副词。Ex. Fill in the blanks with proper words.Do you have a friend _whom/who_ you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? What is a friend? In my opinion, a friend can always come to you at the moment _when_ you c

38、an turn to him for help. A friend is the very person_that_ you are always concerned about. He or she is a person _whose_ family know you, too. The qualities _which/that_ are the most important in a friend are loyalty, warmth, and the ability to keep secrets.That is the reason _why_ everyone needs fr

39、iends.四、关系代词与人称代词或指示代词的选择 如果两个分句中间用逗号隔开，要求考生在第二个分句填入一个代词，考生首先要弄清句子结构。第二分句前如有and,but,or,so等词或分号，它就是并列分句，要用人称代词或指示代词。第二分句前如无and,but,or,so等词或分号，它就是一个非限制性定语从句，因此应选用关系代词。Alice received an invitation from her boss,which came as a surprise.Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder,but it didn

40、t help.1）There are 52 students in our class, of _whom_nearly 40 are League members2）Some 134,000 Chinese students went to study abroad, and 120,000 of them were self-funded students.3）Mr Brown has two daughters, both of _whom_are doctors.Mr Brown has two daughters, and both of _them_are doctors.Mr B

41、rown has two daughters; both of _them_are doctors.Mr Brown has two daughters. Both of _them_are doctors.五、“介词关系代词”即“介词whom/which”1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素A.与先行词的搭配关系1）I will never forget the day _on which_ I joined the army.2) I will never forget the days _in which_ I worked in the school.3) I will never f

42、orget the year _in which_ my son went to college.B. 与谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Have you found the book _for which_ I paid 29 US dollars?2) Have you found the book _on which_ I spent29 US dollars?3) Have you found the book _from which_ we learnt a lot?4) Whos the comrade _with whom_ you just shook hands? 六、as和which

43、引导的非限制性定语从句用法比较as与 which在非限制性定语从句中，都可指代整个主句，但as引导的从句可放在主句的句首, 句中或句尾，常译成 “正如.” ，而 which引导的从句只可放在主句的句尾，可指代前面的某个词或整个主句，对主句的评论，可译成“这”。as 用于非限制性定语从句，常见以下句型：as you know, as is known to all, as anybody can see, as was expected, as we can imagineAs we have seen, oceans cover more than 70 percent of the eart

44、h.Oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth，as we have seen,.This was the American Civil War, which lasted 4 years before the North won in the end.He likes dogs, which surprised me a lot.1）He arrived late, _which_was annoying.2) She has remarried, _which_ delighted us.3) _As_was usual at the weekend, the club was almost emptyas 引导定语从句的固定搭配2） This is not s