《动词(二)时态和语态.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《动词(二)时态和语态.ppt(30页珍藏版)》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、语法互动(九)动词(二)时态和语态,语法互动(九)动词(二)时态 和语态,译林牛津版,语法互动(九)动词(二),译林牛津版,课标考点1掌握动词的第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词和现在分词的构成。2掌握动词的8种时态的基本结构及区别。3了解过去将来时、过去完成时的基本用法。,考点一:动词的时态,初中阶段应掌握的时态共有八种,即一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时和过去完成时。,译林牛津版,(1)一般现在时的基本用法1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语:every,sometimes,at,on Sunday I leave
2、 home for school at 7 every morning.2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.3)表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.【注意】此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例:Columbus proved that the earth is round.4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。I dont want so much.5)某些动词如 come,go,move,sto
3、p,leave,arrive,be,finish,continue,start 等,在一般现在时句中可用来表示将来肯定会发生的动作。The train comes at 3 oclock.6)在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,一般现在时代替一般将来时。Ill help you as soon as you have problem.Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him.,语法互动(九)动词(二),译林牛津版,(2)单数第三人称形式变化规则如下:,译林牛津版,现在进行时的用法 1)现在进行时的用法表示说话者说话时正在发生或者进行的动作,它注重现在正在进行的动作
4、,而不管动作从什么时间开始,到什么时间结束。What are you doing now?I am looking for my key.2)现在进行时表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作(但说话时这个动作不一定在进行)。The students are preparing for the examination.We _ trees these days.3)某些动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作,这些动词有 arrive,come,leave,start等。They _England tomorrow afternoon.他们明天下午要去英国。【注意】有些动词一般不可以用于进行时态表示状态
5、的动词,尤其是静态动词,如:be,have表示认识、知觉和情感的动词,如:know,think,hear,find,see,like,want,wish,prefer等。,are planting,are leaving for,语法互动(九)动词(二),译林牛津版,3.一般将来时(1)结构:助动词shall/will动词原形(2)用法:表示将要发生的动作或状态,常用的时间状语有:later(on),soon,in a month,next time,from now on,tomorrow等。如:I shall be eighteen years old next year.明年我18岁了。
6、表示某种必然的趋势。如:Fish _ without water.离开水,鱼就会死。,will die,语法互动(九)动词(二),译林牛津版,(3)注意:在以第一人称为主语的问句中,常用 shall 表示提议和询问情况,在以第二人称作主语的句中,用will 表示请求。如:Where shall we have lunch?我们在哪里吃午饭?当主语是第一人称时,用will 表示意愿、决心、允诺、命令等。如:I will give Xiaoming a good gift for his birthday.我答应小明在他生日时送一份好礼。在时间或条件状语从句中,一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如:
7、I _ Jim when he _ there.当吉姆到达那里时,我将给他写信。,will write to,gets,语法互动(九)动词(二),译林牛津版,“be going to动词原形”也可表示将来时。a表示主观意愿、打算等。如:Hes going to learn English next term.下学期他打算学英语。b根据已有迹象,可能要发生的情况。如:Look at the black clouds!It _ rain.看那些乌云!马上要下雨了。,is going to,语法互动(九)动词(二),译林牛津版,4一般过去时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况,通常一般过
8、去式带有表示动作时间状语的词,词组或从句,如 yesterday,the day before last,last week,two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。I worked in that factory last year.【注意】1)过去经常反复发生的动作,也可用used to来表达,例如:I used to go fishing on Sundays.2)“used to”也可用于表示过去曾经存在过的状态。例如:This river used to be clean.,语法互动(九)动词(二),译林牛津版,5.现在完成时(1)结构:have/has动词的过去
9、分词(过去分词变化规则基本与过去式变化相同。有些特殊变化需单独记忆)(2)用法:表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。有时与just,already,yet,recently,before,twice,three times等时间状语连用。如:I _ the film already.我已经看过那部电影了。(现在我知道电影的内容了。),have seen,语法互动(九)动词(二),译林牛津版,表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与“since时间点”,“for时间段”,及how long,(ever)since,ever,before,so far,in the last/
10、past few years,up to now,till now等时间状语连用。Weve planted thousands of trees in the past few years.过去几年我们种了成千上万棵树。So far there _ no bad news.到现在为止还没有什么坏消息。,has been,语法互动(九)动词(二),译林牛津版,(3)一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 一般过去时只强调在过去发生过某事或关注的是动作发生的时间、地点、方式等。而现在完成时则强调过去的动作对现在的影响,因此,若现在影响并不存在时就不能用现在完成时了。如:I saw the movie yes
11、terday.我昨天看了这部电影。(强调电影是昨天看的)I have already seen the film.我已经看过这部电影了。(强调到现在为止看过这部电影了),语法互动(九)动词(二),译林牛津版,(4)延续性动词在现在完成时中,如果有持续的时间,要把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。如:I have had the book for two days.这本书我已经买了两天了。(用had,而不用bought)I have been in Tokyo for two weeks.我已经来东京两周了。(用been in,而不用come to),语法互动(九)动词(二),译林牛津版,常用瞬间动词
12、变延续性动词表have arrived at/in sp,got to/reached sp,come/gone/moved to sphave been in sphave come/gone back,returnedhave been back have come/gone outhave been outhave becomehave been have closed/openedhave been closed/openhave got uphave been uphave died_have left sp_have fallen asleep/gone to sleephave
13、been asleep,have been dead,have been away from sp,语法互动(九)动词(二),译林牛津版,have finished/ended/completed_ have marriedhave been married have started/begun to do sthhave done sthhave begun_have borrowed/bought_have losthavent had have put onhave worn have caught/got a coldhave had a cold have got to knowha
14、ve known,have been over,have been on,have kept/had,语法互动(九)动词(二),译林牛津版,have gone tohave been in have joined/taken part in the league/the Party/the armyhave been a member of/have been in the league/the Party/the army,have been the Partys member/the league member/the soldier,语法互动(九)动词(二),译林牛津版,6过去进行时(1
15、)结构:was/weredoing(2)用法:过去进行时主要表示过去某一时间或某一段时间正在进行的动作。如:His father fell while he _ his bicycle and hurt himself.他爸爸骑自行车时摔了下来,并弄伤了自己。(3)常用的时间状语:this morning,the whole morning,all day yesterday,from nine to ten,last evening,when,while。,was riding,语法互动(九)动词(二),译林牛津版,(4)when和while的区别:引导时间状语从句时,while 连接的是时
16、间段,而when连接的多是时间点。如:What was your father doing _ your mother was cooking?你妈妈正在做饭时,你爸爸干什么呢?What did your mother do _ you came back?当你回来时,你妈妈干什么呢?while可以连接两个并列的句子,而when不可以。如:I was trying my best to finish my work while my sister was watching TV.我当时正在尽力完成作业,而我的妹妹正在看电视。when是特殊疑问词,对时间进行提问,while 不是。如:When
17、were you born?你是什么时候出生的?,while,when,语法互动(九)动词(二),译林牛津版,7过去完成时(1)结构:had动词的过去分词(2)用法:表示过去的某一时刻以前已经发生的动作或存在的状态,也就是“过去的过去”。常以by,before短语或when,before,after,until等引导的从句作为前提。如:My teacher said she had never been to London.我老师说过她从来没去过伦敦。When the police arrived,the thieves _.警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。,had run away,语法互动(九
18、)动词(二),译林牛津版,表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态。跟现在完成时一样,也常与 how long,for three days,before 等表示一段时间的状语连用。如:When Jack arrived,he learned Mary _for almost an hour.当杰克到来时,他才了解到玛丽已经离开差不多一个小时了。,had been away,语法互动(九)动词(二),译林牛津版,8过去将来时(1)结构:would动词原形或者was/weregoing to动词原形。(2)用法:表示从过去的某一时刻看,将要发生的动作。如:His uncle sa
19、id that _ a good harvest the next year.他叔叔说明年会有个好收成。,提醒 在由if引导的条件状语从句中,如果主句中用过去将来时态,if从句中需用一般过去时代替过去将来时。Amy said that she would go shopping if it didnt rain the next day.艾米说如果明天不下雨,她就去购物。,there would be,语法互动(九)动词(二),译林牛津版,考点二:动词的被动语态,英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。1被动语态的构成:主语be动词的过去分词(1)一般现在时:主语am/is/are动词的过去分
20、词(2)一般过去时:主语was/were动词的过去分词(3)一般将来时:主语will/shall/be going tobe动词的过去分词。如:A bridge will be built over the river.(4)现在进行时:主语am/is/arebeing动词的过去分词。如:A bridge is being built over the river.,语法互动(九)动词(二),译林牛津版,(5)现在完成时:主语have/hasbeen动词的过去分词(6)过去进行时:主语was/werebeing动词的过去分词(7)过去完成时:主语had been动词的过去分词(8)过去将来时:
21、主语would be动词的过去分词(9)含有情态动词的被动语态:主语情态动词be动词的过去分词。如:A bridge can be seen over the river.(10)在使役动词have,make,get,let以及感官动词see,find,watch,notice,hear,feel等后面不定式作宾语补足语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。如:Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.改为:A stranger was seen_ into the building.,to walk,语法互动(九)动词
22、(二),译林牛津版,2谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义(1)英语中有很多动词,如:break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。This kind of cloth _.这种布料很好洗。,注意 主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。,washes well,语法互动(九)动词(二),(2)表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,happen,last,take place,break out,come out,come
23、about,come true,run out,give out,turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。How do the newspapers come out?这些报纸是如何印刷出来的呢?(3)系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词。如:feel,sound,taste,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由听起来很合理。,对非谓语动词的考点是:感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词ing形式作宾语补足语的用法;一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to,但变为被动语态时就要带to;有些动词既
24、可接不定式也可接动词ing形式作宾语,但表达的意思不同。这些都是历年中考的重点。(1)非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词,形容词或副词作用的动词形式,而不是作谓语的动词形式。动词的非谓语形式分为动名词,分词,动词不定式。(2)不定式作宾语补足语Father will not allow us to play on the street.(3)不定式作目的状语He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.,(4)用不定式和分词作补足语都可以的动词这样的动词有感官动词如:see,hear,look,notice,observe,feel等,使役动词如:
25、have,make,leave,keep,get等。接不定式表示动作的完整性,真实性;+doing 表示动作的连续性,进行性。I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调“我看见了”这件事的全过程)I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(强调我见他正干活这个动作)昨天我见他正在花园里干活。5)用不带to不定式的情况使役动词如:let,have,make等和感官动词如:see,watch,hear,listen to,smell,feel,find 等后作宾补,省略to。在被动语态中
26、则to不能省掉。,6)接动名词与不定式意义不同1)stop to do停止,中断做某事后去做另一件事。stop doing停止做某事。2)forget to do忘记要去做某事。(未做)forget doing忘记做过某事。(已做)3)remember to do 记得去做某事(未做)remember doing记得做过某事(已做)4)try to do努力,企图做某事。try doing 试验,试着做某事。5)go on to do做了一件事后,接着做另一件事。go on doing 继续做原来做的事。6)mean to do 打算、想 mean doing意味着,【中考演练】一.单项填空1
27、.Listen!Some of the girls _ about Harry Potter.Lets join them.A.are talking B.talk C.will talk D.talked2.Our teacher,Miss Chen,_English on the radio the day before yesterday.A.teaches B.taught C.will teach D.had taught3.I dont think I _ you in that dress before.A.have seen B.was seeing C.saw D.see4.
28、Susans parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool.It _ be very expensive.A.must B.can C.mustnt D.cant5.Coffee is ready.How nice it _!Would you like some?A.looks B.smells C.sounds D.feels1.A 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.B,6.“Mr.Zhu,youd better _ too much meat.You are already over weight,”said the doctor
29、.A.not to eat B.to eat C.not eat D.eat7.“Dont always make Michael _ this or that.He is already a big boy,dear,”Mr.Bush said to his wife.A.do B.to do C.does D.did8.Sorry,I cant hear you clearly.Will you please _ your E-mail address?Ill write it down.A.review B.recite C.report D.repeat9.Dont _ your coat,Tom!Its easy to catch a cold in spring.A.take away B.take off C.take down D.take out10.You _ go and ask Meimei.She _ know the answer.A.must;can B.must;may C.need;can D.can;may6.C 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.D,
链接地址:https://www.31ppt.com/p-4794787.html