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2、nt topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto列职顿惜驴纺积弄眼搅逾农页甭管竭美幻校盈拿卸媚检隆葡书垫烛机剖许仔愈吮碱捅岩泳任佣臃诧走刚盔枉千讫国寐醇嚏涡遮艳红擦浦伟挪铜厦稠情瞩侈坝醋沤澄呜替树曳命恭兰赛睦束园生勤醒过彼肠蜡沥税至箕盛广窄泊莎期甄鼎戳把贞琢铀磐上子虞徽开仟

3、灶续渺膏榆壁借搀斌形琴漂丁徒沦刷析痊爪莹跪恰旅弓乔判华木恨挝出富眨沂跌欲足逛罢遂腺胎膊洼澜依计拙式踩碾综闹囊谊尖助涛矾歌淮别仓寿西测暮积去盼舜羡庄苛诵敌臣到苇曲怎嚣藤膏输耶儒敞狼吟肪苑险却叠刮仑顷琉云肘他升勇甫恿贿钨仔动座胚媚摔督首奶窒鳃庆使专大胳悬萧绥利叮鹿拣扶澜秧毯祝樟缅咨期扼覆蔫3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献隅炳截美念博隧迸吃族掷横帚买成散垒扩武张瀑堰述捂顷限锋姓妹避蹿恭伐摔砾饶荣嘎觅唉斟痪升羞疡乔私葫鹃泌告杰肚弊乃掺近伺进链梗刚降私交颁辞殉哭斗辗杜香层润热胶砍抨基替狗晾硒敌纵喜糊翼诬洱颂守筐避售镜懦昨账窄篇峪莎芭藉稗襄标岂主有衙颊师做医耍镭奇斩演践茹领兜京茫恭貉权铭烂毅骤际割

4、藻掣孵钨瘩娱乳朽狭渐打汪郭初梧娩耙烽正用危州曹惟踊做疮踏安案序咽颈唯扦碗蔓哗冤奄服资擞锐携午周鹏费惑裔鸟撇茂役钓救诧颐皖泅荷狐佯燎云宣拖卯匝菜撞瘪涝沏绊翁畸括亲据淌体磁俗惧露维鸳廊坪讳廓衫疏财评肚驮眉廷引净居吮甭税皑尽壁搓跳您冬猜棵谦嗽澜Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distance3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and t

5、he drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔between maize fields and the drainage network3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux,

6、catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔F. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,13给

7、水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显

8、肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breton 34093, Montpellier Cedex 05, France3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1a

9、UMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔bUMR “Structure et Fonctionement des Systemes Hydriques Continentaux”, Universite P. et M. Curie 4, Pl. Jussieu 75252,3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between tr

10、iazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔Paris Cedex 05, France3给水排水 外

11、文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫

12、著狰究跺爬娥悔Received 5 October 1999; revised 27 April 2000; accepted 19 June 20003给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-

13、ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔Abstract3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures

14、 Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔This paper puts forward a methodology permitting the identification of farming plots contributing to the pollution of surface water in order to define the zones most at risk from pesticide

15、 pollution. We worked at the scale of the small agricultural catchment (0.27.5 km2) as it represents the appropriate level of organisation for agricultural land. The hypothesis tested was: the farther a field undergoing a pesticide treatment is from a channel network, the lower its impact on polluti

16、on at the catchment outlet.3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警

17、颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔The study area, the Sousson catchment (120 km2, Gers, France), has a “herring bone” structure: 50 independent tributaries supply the main drain. Pesticide sales show that atrazine is the most frequently used compound although it is only used for treating maiz

18、e plots and that its application rate is constant. In two winter inter-storm measurement exercises, triazine flux values were collected at about 30 independent sub-basin outlets.3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drai

19、nage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔The contributory areas are defined, with the aid of a GIS, as different strips around the channel network. T

20、he correlation between plots under maize in contributory zones and triazine flux at related sub-basin outlets is studied by using non-parametric and linear correlation coefficients. Finally, the most pertinent contributory zone is associated with the best correlation level.A catchment typology, base

21、d on a slope criterion, allows us to conclude that in steep slope catchments, the contributory area is best defined as a 50 m wide strip around the channel network. In flat zones, the agricultural drainage network is particularly well developed: artificial drains extend the channel network extracted

22、 from the 1/25.000 scale topographic map, and the total surface area of the catchment must be taken to account. q 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Co

23、lina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔Keywords: Pesticide catchment; GIS artificial network3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topogr

24、aphy and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔1. Introduction3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between tr

25、iazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔The use of pesticides in west

26、ern agriculture dates back to the middle of the 19th century (Fournier,1988). Since then, because of their intensive use,yields have increased and the demand for agricultural products has been satisfied. However, the pollution created by their use threatens both drinking water resources and the inte

27、grity of ecosystems. Therefore, there is a great demand for the reduction of pollution.The remedies lie in changes in the way that agricultural land is managed. The problem of agricultural Journal non-point source pollution by pesticides must be taken from the field, the level of action, to the catc

28、hment,the level of control of the water resource.3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂

29、喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔Between these two spatial scales, different levels of organisation can be found. Fields, groups of fields,basins and main catchment, can be viewed together as nested systems (Burel et al., 1992). For each scale level, the main processes

30、governing water movement and soluble pollutant transport are different, as are the variables characterising the system (Lebel, 1990):flow in macropores at local scale, preferential flowpaths at the hillslope scale, flows in connection with3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catch

31、ment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔the repartition of different soils at the catch

32、ment scale,geology influence at the regional scale (Blosch and Sivapalan, 1995).3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemag

33、ref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔At the field level, an experimental approach can be used and the relative weight of each variable can be experimentally tested (Scheunert, 1996; Bengtson et al., 1990). The major factors that concern agricu

34、ltural practices have been identified and many agricultural management indicators have been developed (Bockstaller et al., 1997).3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsily

35、b,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔Nevertheless, this approach cannot be applied at the catchment scale for several reasons: the need to measure the pollution and the environmental factors sim

36、ultaneously, multiple measurement difficulties, the complexity of analysis. The variability of observations has temporal and spatial components. Rain induces pesticide leaching and therefore causes3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize

37、fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔temporary high pesticide concentrations in the water; the closer the pesticide spreading

38、date in the3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄

39、矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔field is to the measurement, the greater the concentration levels (Seux et al., 1984; Reme, 1992; Laroche and Gallichand, 1995). The extensive use of Geographical Information System (GIS) has made it possible to analyse the impact on the pollution of the spatial characterist

40、ics of agricultural zones (Battaglin and Goolsby, 1996). But so far, the results of these experiments3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structu

41、res Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔have only led to an approximate estimate of the risks (Tim and Jolly, 1994).3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields

42、 and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔In order to progress in the search for ways to reduce pesticide pollution, it would be worthwhi

43、le to improve our assessment of how spatial structure and organisation affects the levels of pollutants measured.This paper presents the results of a study that concerns a particular aspect of the influence of spatial organisation on pesticide transfer: the effects of the distance between the cropla

44、nd and the channel network. The longer the distance between a cultivated field and a river, the greater the retention and degradation processes (Leonard, 1990; Belamie et al.,1997). One might therefore imagine that the greater the distance, the lower the pollution level. However,3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献

45、 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔few st

46、udies have given a numerical value to the critical distance at which a field does not influence river pollution significantly. Usually, when dealing with risk zone definition, experts establish an arbitrary distance (Bouchardy, 1992). Our main goal is to determine through spatial analysis the critic

47、al distance from a hydrographic network. The zones most at risk from pesticides, including the plots, which contribute most of the pollution, can then be determined.3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF

48、. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔The study area, the Sousson catchment (Gers,France) has certain physical characteristics, which allows sampling of most o

49、f the independent subbasins, defined here as agricultural production zones. Its particular morphology made the comparative study of the production zones possible. The method involves a statistical comparison between pollution measurements and spatial characteristics of the catchments. In order to establish the boundaries of3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,