Amateur Radio Technician Class Element 2 Course …4678：业余无线电技师班2元课程…….ppt

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1、Technician Licensing Class“T1”,Presented by theOpp Amateur Radio ClubOpp,ALSaturday,May 13,2023,2,Amateur Radio Technician ClassElement 2 Course Presentation,ELEMENT 2 SUB-ELEMENTST1-FCC Rules,station license responsibilitiesT2-Control operator dutiesT3-Operating practicesT4-Radio and electronic fun

2、damentalsT5-Station setup and operationT6-Communications modes and methodsT7-Special operationsT8-Emergency and Public Service CommunicationsT9-Radio waves,propagation,and antennasT0-Electrical and RF Safety,3,FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1A,Basis and purpose of the Amateur Radio

3、 ServiceAn Amateur Radio Station is a station in an Amateur Radio Service consisting of the apparatus necessary for carrying on radio communications.An amateur operator as defined in Part 97 is a person named in an amateur operator/primary license grant in the FCC ULS database.One of the basic purpo

4、ses of the Amateur Radio Service as defined in Part 97 is to provide a voluntary noncommercial communications service to the public,particularly in times of emergency.Two of the five fundamental purposes for the Amateur Radio Service are to increase the number of trained radio operators and electron

5、ics experts,and improve international goodwill.,4,FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1A,Penalties for unlicensed operation,other penaltiesThe Federal Communications Commission makes and enforces the rules for the Amateur Radio Service in the United States.Harmful interference is a tran

6、smission that disturbs other communications.,5,FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1A,ExaminationsThe classes of US amateur radio licenses that may currently be earned by examination are Technician,General,and Amateur Extra.A Volunteer Examiner(VE)is an amateur accredited by one or more

7、 Volunteer Examiner Coordinators(VECs)who volunteers to administer amateur license exams.Three Volunteer Examiners holding a General Class license or higher are required to administer an Element 2 Technician written examA Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination(CSCE)is valid for license

8、upgrade purposes for 365 days.,6,Volunteer Examiner,Each administering VE must:Be accredited by the coordinating VECBe at least 18 years of ageBe a person who holds an amateur operator license of the class specified below:Amateur Extra,Advanced or General Class in order to administer a Technician Cl

9、ass operator license examinationAmateur Extra or Advanced Class in order to administer a General Class operator license examinationAmateur Extra Class in order to administer an Amateur Extra Class operator license examinationMust be present and observing the examinee throughout the entire examinatio

10、n,7,Official documents,VE Badges&FCC License(s),8,CSCE,9,VEC offices of W5YI(K5GTP Tracy),10,Actual input to FCC from VEC,11,FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1B,ITU regionsThe purpose of ITU Regions is to assist in the management of frequency allocations.International Telecommunicati

11、on Union(ITU)U.S.is in Region 2,12,International Telegraph Union(ITU)Regions,13,FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1B,International regulationsYou are allowed to operate your amateur station in a foreign country when there is a reciprocal operating agreement between the countries.,14,F

12、CC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1B,US call sign structureThe FCC uses a system,called the Sequential Call Sign System,where call signs are assigned in sequential order to select new amateur radio call signs.An amateur radio club would obtain a club station call sign by applying throu

13、gh a Club Station Call Sign Administrator.Minimum of four members are required for a club,15,FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1B,US call sign structure(cont)The letters,A,K,N and W,must be used for the first letter in US amateur call signs.Calls are issued in a sequential manner,not

14、randomA single digit,0 through 9 number is used in US amateur call signs.Numbers are assigned by district of applicantKB3TMJ is a valid US amateur callsign.,16,Call sign by state exam taken,17,Call Signs(cont.),FCC Region number1-ME,NH,VT,MA,CT,RI2-NY,NJ3-PA,MD,DE4-VA,KY,NC,TN,SC,GA,Al,FL5-AR,LA,OK,

15、TX,NM6-CA7-WA,MT,ID,OR,UT,NV,AZ8-MI,OH,WV9-WI,IL,IN,18,Call Signs(cont.),FCC Region number(cont.)0-ND,SD,MN,IA,NE,MO,KS,CO11-AK(*L7)12-Caribbean(*P4)13-Hawaii and Pacific Islands(*H6)SuffixAlphabetically sequentialBased on where living at time of issuanceNot Automatically changed but can be requeste

16、d,19,20,FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1B,Special event callsAny FCC-licensed amateur is eligible to apply for temporary use of a 1-by-1 format Special Event call sign.Special Event call sign has the same ID requirements as your own call sign.You must also ID with your call sign on

17、ce an hour.,21,Technician Frequencies,6 meters-50 to 54 MHz2 meters-144 to 148 MHz1.25 meters-222 to 225 MHz219 to 220 MHz secondary use only for point to point digital message forwarding.70 centimeters*-420 to 450 MHzno 430 to 430 MHz north of line A(south of Canada.)33 centimeters*-902 to 928 MHz2

18、3 centimeters*-1240 to 1300 MHzOther higher frequencies*Can not interfere when we are a secondary user.Hams may be a secondary user or have geographic/power limits.,22,FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1B,Vanity call signsYou would use the vanity call sign program to obtain a call sig

19、n containing your initials.Renewal of vanity call signs can be done on the Internet.There is a fee for the vanity call.,23,FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1C,Authorized frequencies(Technician),operation near band edgesThe frequency,52.525 MHz,is within the 6-meter band.You are using

20、 the 2 meter band when you are transmitting on 146.52 MHz.If you are operating on 223.50 MHz then you are operating on the 1.25 meter amateur band.The 70-centimeter frequency,443.350 MHz,is authorized to a Technician class license holder operating in ITU Region 2.The 23 centimeter frequency,1296 MHz

21、,is authorized to a Technician class license holder operating in ITU Region 2.,26,Frequency allocations,50-150 MHz 50.000-54.000 Amateur(6-meter)54.000-72.000 Broadcast TV chs 2-4(6 MHz steps-FMw)72.000-76.000(various)76.000-88.000 Broadcast TV chs 5-6(6 MHz steps-FMw)88.000-108.000 FM Broadcast(200

22、 kHz steps-FMw)108.000-118.000 Aero-navigation 118.000-136.000 Aero-communications(25 kHz steps-AM)136.000-138.000 Satellite 138.000-144.000 US Government 144.000-148.000 Amateur(2-meter)148.000-150.800 US Government,27,Frequency allocations(cont),162-450 MHz 162.025-174.000(various,mainly US Govern

23、ment)174.000-216.000 Broadcast TV chs 7-13(6 MHz steps-FMw)216.000-218.000 Maritime-AMTS,coast(25 kHz steps)218.000-219.000 IVDS-Interactive Video&Data 219.000-220.000 Maritime-AMTS,ship(25 kHz steps)220.000-221.000(Private land Mobile)-base(5 kHz steps)221.000-222.000(Private land Mobile)-mobile()2

24、22.000-225.000 Amateur(1.25-meter)225.000-400.000 US Government-Aero(AM)400.000-406.000 US Govt-Meteorological/Space 406.000-420.000 US Government 420.000-450.000 Amateur(70cm)/military/radar/radiolocation,28,Frequency allocations(cont),896-1300 MHz:896.000-901.000 SMR/Business/Industry-mobile(12.5

25、kHz steps)901.000-902.000 Personal Communications Services 902.000-928.000 Amateur(33cm)/various secondary 928.000-929.000()929.000-930.000 paging 930.000-931.000 Personal Communications Services-base 931.000-935.000()935.000-940.000 SMR/Business/Industry-base(12.5 kHz steps)940.000-941.000 Personal

26、 Communications Services-base 941.000-960.000()960.000-1215.000 Aeronautical navigation 1215.000-1240.000 US Govt-Radiolocation/Space 1240.000-1300.000 Amateur(23cm),29,FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1C,Reciprocal licensingYou must be named in the FCC amateur license database,or be

27、 an alien with reciprocal operating authorization before you can control an amateur station in the US.A US amateur license allows you to transmit from wherever the Amateur Radio Service is regulated by the FCC or where reciprocal agreements are in place.A US amateur operator may communicate with an

28、amateur in a foreign country at any time unless prohibited by either government.,30,FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1C,Spectrum sharingWhen authorized by the FCC,amateur stations are allowed to communicate with stations operating in other radio services.Communications on a regular b

29、asis that could reasonably be furnished alternatively through other radio services are not permitted in the Amateur Radio Service.When an amateur frequency band is said to be available on a secondary basis,amateurs may not cause harmful interference to primary users according to the FCC rules.,31,FC

30、C Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1D,The station licenseThe government agency that grants your amateur radio license is the Federal Communications Commission(FCC).The FCC issues operator/station licenses in the Amateur Radio Service.Anyone except a representative of a foreign government

31、 can become an amateur licensee in the US.,32,FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1D,The station license(cont)You may transmit after passing the required examination elements for your first amateur radio license and as soon as your license grant appears in the FCCs ULS database.Your res

32、ponsibility as a station licensee is to ensure your station is operated in accordance with the FCC rules.There is no minimum age requirement to hold an amateur license.,33,No minimum age for an Amateur Radio License,34,Correct name and address on fileThe FCC requires the station licensee mailing add

33、ress to be kept up to date on the Universal Licensing System(ULS)database.An Amateur radio operator must have a correct name and mailing address on file with the FCC to receive mail delivery from the FCC by the United States Postal Service.The FCC may revoke or suspend a license if the mailing addre

34、ss of the holder is not current with the FCC.If mail is returned to the FCC as undeliverable this could be a cause.,FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1D,35,FCC SUSPENDS HAM LICENSES FOR FAILURE TO MAINTAIN MAILING ADDRESS(it can happen),The FCC has suspended two Amateur Radio licenses

35、 because the holders had failed to maintain correct mailing addresses in the Commissions licensee database.Special Counsel in the FCC Spectrum Enforcement Division Riley Hollingsworth wrote Larry L.Smith,KC7LJR,of Middleton,Idaho,and Larry J.Maniag,KD7JTG,of Payson,Arizona,on June 28,2006 to inform

36、them the FCC was suspending their Technician tickets for the remainder of their license terms or until each licensee provides a valid mailing address.http:/www.arrl.org/news/stories/2006/07/18/100/,36,FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1D,License term,renewals,grace periodThe normal te

37、rm for an amateur station license grant is 10 years.You are not permitted to continue to transmit if you forget to renew your amateur license and it expires.Transmitting is not allowed until the license is renewed and appears on the FCC ULS database.The grace period during which the FCC will renew a

38、n expired 10-year license without re-examination is 2 years.,37,Take aways,Amateur Radio Stationcarries on radio communications with necessary apparatus.Amateur Operator person named in FCC ULS databaseBasic purposes voluntary noncommercial service,particularly during emergenciesTwo of Five increase

39、 numbers of trained operators and improve international goodwill,38,Take aways(cont),FCC makes and enforces rulesHarmful interference disturbs other communicationsTen years two year grace period.Renew on line/no cost.(unless a vanity call)ITU Regions assist management of frequency allocations U.S.in

40、 Region 2,39,Take aways(cont),Reciprocal operating agreement allows operation in foreign countriesFCC uses Sequential Call Sign SystemFour members for a club station obtained by applying through Club Station Call Sign Administrator,40,Take aways(cont),52.525 MHz 6-meter band146.52 MHz 2-meter band22

41、3.50 MHz 1.25-meter band443.350 MHz 70-centimeter 1296 MHz 23-centimeterNotice that as the frequency goes up,the wavelength goes down(Sorry,you need to memorize these frequencies),41,Take aways(cont),Control an amateur station name in FCC database or be an alien with reciprocal agreement to operate

42、in U.S.U.S.license allows transmissions FCC regulated or reciprocal agreementsU.S.amateurs communicate with foreign countries unless prohibited by either governmentsWith authorization by FCC communications with other radio services may be permitted,42,Take aways(cont),Communications on regular basis

43、 furnished by other radio services are not permittedAmateur bands as secondary basis my not cause harmful interference to primary users by rulesFCC grants amateur radio licenseFCC issues operator/station licenses in the Amateur Radio Service,43,Take aways(cont),Anyone except a representative of a fo

44、reign government can become an amateur licensee in the U.S.No age requirementsTransmissions after passing the required exam and as soon as your license grant appears in the FCC ULS databaseResponsibility as a station licensee:ensure your station is operated in accordance with the FCC rules,44,Take a

45、ways(cont),Station licensee mailing address must be current,correct name and address,revocation of license possible if returned as undeliverableLetters:A K N W Numbers:0 thru 9;assigned by district of applicantAny amateur can apply for temporary 1 by 1 Special Event call sign,use normal ID requireme

46、nts plus your call sign once an hourVanity call signs thru vanity call sign program renewal on Internet,fee requiredTechnician,General,Extra,45,Take aways(cont),VE is volunteer examiner VEC Volunteer examiner coordinatorCSCE valid for 365 daysNormal term for license of 10 yearsTransmitting is not pe

47、rmitted if license not valid renewed and appears on the FCC ULS databaseGrace period is 2 years with re-examination no transmitting permitted during this time frame,Element 2 Technician Class Question PoolT1,Valid July 1,2006ThroughJune 30,2010,47,T1A01 Who is an amateur operatoras defined in Part 9

48、7?,A person named in an amateur operator/primary license grant in the FCC ULS databaseA person who has passed a written license examinationThe person named on the FCC Form 605 ApplicationA person holding a Restricted Operating Permit,48,T1A02 What is one of the basic purposes of the Amateur Radio Se

49、rvice as defined in Part 97?,To support teaching of amateur radio classes in schools To provide a voluntary noncommercial communications service to the public,particularly in times of emergency To provide free message service to the publicTo allow the public to communicate with other radio services,

50、49,T1A03 What classes of US amateur radio licenses may currently be earned by examination?,Novice,Technician,General,AdvancedTechnician,General,AdvancedTechnician,General,ExtraTechnician,Tech Plus,General,50,T1A04 Who is a Volunteer Examiner?,A certified instructor who volunteers to examine amateur