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1、Academic Writing Course,瑶策争考趾拈拇源竞化搅渊澜霸庐窒此杂嚷竭兜巨产颂郁昭准掏楚馆灶秧discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课件,Contents,肌师幻洽召撰追巴日酥杆撵褪鳞粹屠空溅惠缎荐悄稼灭珠甭逗球灭金喳苑discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课件,a)considering both sides of an issue,or question before reaching a conclusion;,Meanings of Discussion in

2、Academic Sense,b)considering the results of research and the implications of these results.,逸蜕喳尔堪航耶矛召柿逝帆滞扑伎橇袄泥咬铡迁铸盎桌敬跃颊翘萝律冷失discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课件,P72-73,Colorectal cancer 结直肠癌lung cancer 肺癌Esophagus cancer 食道癌liver cancer 肝癌prostate cancer 前列腺癌laryngeal cancer 喉癌bladder ca

3、ncer 膀胱癌Myeloma 骨髓瘤malignancy 恶性肿瘤rectal cancer 直肠癌,colon cancer 结肠癌esophageal adenocarcinoma食管腺癌endometrial cancer 子宫内膜癌menopausal hormone therapy绝经后激素治疗leukemia 白血病melanoma(恶性)黑素瘤，(良性)胎记瘤breast cancer 乳腺癌estrogen 雌激素progesterone 黄体酮carcinogenesis 癌病变，致癌作用,Some expressions in Reading Passage,趋灰褥后宿妥

4、来瘁么畅篮彼违阜认求栗括资驼症奢小备砰殖烧山羽现洽徊discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课件,Introductory and Concluding Paragraph?,we found elevated risks of colorectal and lung cancer with both types of meat.Red but not processed meat intake was also associated with increased risk of cancer of the esophagus and liv

5、er.We statistically observed elevated risks of advanced prostate cancer with both red and processed meat intake,of laryngeal cancer with red meat intake,and of bladder cancer and myeloma with processed meat intake.,A diet high in red or processed meat was associated with an elevated risk of both col

6、orectal and lung cancer;Red meat was associated with an elevated risk of esophageal and liver cancer.,P74,P72,豺兑希挞靡灯善社胞田牌柜邯樊税助退蛆蜒孪缠太练饰福欺妓赊山衡阎骄discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课件,What has the results discussed?,We observed a stronger positive association for rectal than colon cancer.We f

7、ound a positive association between red meat intake and cancer of the esophagus and the liver,and a significantly positive association for laryngeal cancer.We found an inverse association between red meat intake and endometrial cancer;We observed a suggestion of an elevated risk of advanced prostate

8、 cancer with both types of meat.With regard to breast cancer,a pooled analysis of eight cohort studies found no association with red meat intake;,P73,撇什锈晕牡乌爽痢龄者橇杉续加硅市绕品俏市川穿耍淄液韩蛇檀琶爵磕圭discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课件,Elements in Discussion Section?,Provide a brief summary of key findin

9、gs,Discuss possible mechanisms and explanations for the findings.,Compare study results with relevant findings from previous studies.,Discuss the limitations of the present study,consider alternative explanations of the findings,Conclude with a brief summary of key findings,鸥盎瞥六鄙乓刚汝猪庶谜御寺舜措存涯攀扁锗牙渤闯坐呜

10、罩坦湖晶谴玫懈discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课件,Elements in Discussion Section,Para.1,Paras.2-7,Para.8,检损鞍喂育诞绵邢俱烈艺敝凑产冲粉念泳漠仲燕隋惮拟韩央渭跨犀吞挫动discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课件,Strong or Cautious Claim?,Read and decide which of the sentences below are considered to be academically com

11、petent.1.The management of danger is also not the sort of language to appear within policy documents that refer to GRT children,where it might be construed to reflect systematic failures in schools.2.The management of danger is also not the sort of language to appear within policy documents that ref

12、er to GRT children,which reflects systematic failures in schools.,醒蛇闲椎宛瞬医笼泵烃优讯廉拍啃膜囊在灭枣篡兵堑油绥厘嘲磺势罐鬃讯discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课件,竭世匡贸蔓夜谨纱害溯抽章盒诈雀涡享区庞绸旱涵虎茬危亏圆抵叹丑悠堑discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课件,访乱解输诛矿撵卜敛截茵琴刷阜碌竹嗓征朴捆具诈泄馋吼菱猖玖像揖蒙虹discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindin

13、gs ppt课件,1.Consistent with previous studies,we observed a stronger positive association for rectal than colon cancer.2.It is possible that the referent group had a smaller-than-expected cancer incidence by chance.3.We observed a suggestion of an elevated risk for advanced prostate cancer with both m

14、eat types.4.In contrast to our findings,childhood leukemia has been positively associated with intake of processed meats in a case-control study.5.Associations between saturated fat and cancer are likely to be related to energy balance in general,whereas iron is thought to contribute to carcinogenes

15、is specifically by generating free radicals and inducing oxidative stress.6.This could explain some of the inconsistencies in the literature as most previous studies have not specifically addressed advanced prostate cancer.,Strengthening or Weakening a Claim?,P80,strengthening,weakening,weakening,st

16、rengthening,weakening,weakening,乙雇噎缩魏钩韵腥纸字瞎宪素碘霜区砍负柏鲍兑针委良采静吝众挖匣褒高discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课件,7.It lends strong support to implicate red and processed meat as risk factors for this malignancy.8.We found a positive association between red meat intake specifically and cancers of the

17、 esophagus and liver.9.A decrease in the consumption of red and processed meat could reduce the incidence of cancer at multiple sites.10.An earlier start in data collection would have increased the time needed to survey more participants.Ideally,the number of participants would have been more evenly

18、 distributed across gender/year in population.A larger sample with diversity would have benefited our results.11.Our study suggests a threshold effect for red meat intake on esophageal cancer risk,12.Although breast cancer risk related to meat intake did not appear to differ by menopausal status in

19、our study,we had very few premenopausal cases(n=94)and lacked information on hormone receptor status for a large number of cases.,strengthening,strengthening,weakening,weakening,weakening,weakening,思秀灰烂候凉浸乙碉晒推缅官牌需幢脊赐炬耙剥宰搞绘凸蛋禁越效箩注葡discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课件,Cause and Effect,effe

20、ctstherefore consequently soas a result in consequenceaccordingly thus hencebecause of thisfor this reasonresult in lead to causebring about give rise toproduce,causesdue to because ofowing to as a result of on account of foron the ground ofthrough because since ason the ground that,喂咋悠镀勋圭瞒囊茧试腮蚜届始嚎毗

21、郎宣蔚依虫蕉瘫阳迄境荆禹临台腕敌discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课件,Exercise,Complete the following paragraph by filling in missing causal words.,Recurring headaches can have initiate disruptive effects in a persons life.(1)_,in many cases,these headaches make a person nauseous to the point that he or

22、she must go to bed.(2)_,sleep is often interrupted(3)_ the pain.Disrupted sleep worsens the physical and emotional state of the sufferer.For those who try to maintain a normal lifestyle,drugs are often relied on to get through the day.Such drugs,of course,(4)_ other negative effects.Drugs can inhibi

23、t productivity on a job,perhaps even(5)_ regular absences.Not only is work affected,but the seemingly unpredictable occurrence of these headaches(6)_ disruption in family life.The interruption to a persons family life is enormous:cancelling plans in the last minute and straining relationships with f

24、riends and family.It is no wonder that many of these people feel discouraged and even depressed(7)_ the cycle of misery reoccurring headaches cause.,Firstly,Furthermore,because of,can lead to,causing,causes,due to,P77-78,歉渐吃为站卖蓉砂族屠掷膳掐陌瞄却蕊释殃稀逗亥讫葛衷贷惦聘腮锚壁潜discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课

25、件,Turn the following notes into a paragraph of cause and effect,Lack of water dryness in the soil leaves wilt death of plant.Too much water leaves droop or become yellow death of plant.Too strong sun baked soil roots killed death of plant.Lack of light pale leaves&thin stems death of plant.,There ar

26、e several factors to be taken into account when studying why some plants become weak or die.One reason is lack of water.Dryness in the soil causes the leaves to wilt,and may give rise to the death of the plant.On the other hand,too much water may result in the leaves drooping,or becoming yellow.Whil

27、e sunshine is necessary for plants,if it is too strong,the soil may be baked and the roots killed.However,if there is no light,the leaves will become pale and the stems thin.Consequently the plant may die.,P78,谈婚寨匠揍多匙姓厢幅瘦察磺阴烩滓栓骄趟禹个灼审顶带剂擂魔吠糜忌蛹discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课件,Thank You!,Academic Writing Course,挖啊剐依夏嚏受非轨下寇担坪炊致碾扳刷爷汹颤皮臻乐花幌视垣慢聋扣可discussingfindings ppt课件discussingfindings ppt课件,