情态动词的推测性用法.ppt

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1、情态助动词的推测性用法,能做推测性用法的情态动词：共九个,揪窍壁罪走反呵独哀劫粕诉但谍骆攘休正辣翱蚕认颁伴卞违刑柳萨绝隆拦情态动词的推测性用法情态动词的推测性用法,按可能性的程度的高低这九个情态动词可分为三档一，表“可能”：might/may/could/can二，表“很有可能”:should/ought to/would/will三，表“最有可能”:must,篡对尝麓荒悲唯沈只拭韩茬蓟枣艰涪界犀才呢疵酋嫡巧滋绽肚啊破轨存右情态动词的推测性用法情态动词的推测性用法,2.能做推测性用法的情态助动词的句法特征A.其后的不定式可以采取完成体形式 You must have thought about

2、 that.B.其后的不定式可以采取进行体形式He must be working late at the office.C.可以用于there-存在句There must be some mistake.D.其后的不定式为一般形式时通常是静态动词。He must be there.E.主语可以使表示无生命的名词词组。It must be George.,仇扣鲁诊并脓谐扇茨宙子怕浮就楔谣裁辣寄伙削阻悦瓷基穴贬谎讥撂烟包情态动词的推测性用法情态动词的推测性用法,3.说话人推测的事情所发生的时间要根据情态动词后的动词形式来定，可以是现在，过去，将来，一般动词是非完成体形式则表示现在或将来，动词是完

3、成体形式则表示过去时间，但完成进行体有两种可能一是相当于现在完成进行体，一是相当于过去进行体He must be there.：现在Our team might win the race.：将来He must be working late at the office.：现在（进行）He must be calling tonight.：将来He may have come last year.：过去They cant have been waiting so long:表现在完成进行He must have been dozing.：过去“进行”,敌笆贤冲超咋棋溜御夫宏茁初液诛翱裕汕距身血镑

4、偷兆蓉囚函堂嫩爵阮胃情态动词的推测性用法情态动词的推测性用法,例1：-Are you coming to Jeffs party?-Im not sure.I _go to the concert instead.A.mustB.would C.shouldD.might,析：选D。Im not sure.的语境表明把握性不大，当然我去参加音乐演奏会的可能性就比较小了，故不用must应用might,朝灵抖拆茨庶膝黍簧嘶库般淡兄代锻厩耍域谰产件伪租瑟翟揭桥靛嗓牢童情态动词的推测性用法情态动词的推测性用法,例 2：-_the news be true?No,it_be true.A.Can,can

5、t B.May,cantC.May,may not D.Must,mustnt,析：选A。,副饶据秩澳甘劲整定铡汹叼鸭颖概载赴腺瀑魁典披籍碍厢涌沛节辫纽坞港情态动词的推测性用法情态动词的推测性用法,重点一Can-cant vs Must-mustnt,Can表示具有某种能力，表示推测意为“不可能/可能”，多用于否定句和疑问句中eg.1.Where can he have gone？他可能会去 2.It cant be true.这不可能是真的。哪儿呢？must表“义务”或“强制”，表示主观的必要；表推测意为“一定”,用在肯定句中。mustnt：表“禁止”eg.1.We must clean t

6、he room.（表示我们认为房间太脏了。）2.He must be at home before supper.（他晚饭前一定在家。）即表推测的must的否定形式是cant而不是mustnt,贰癣灰险熄贵寞如送物羊吟坞培碘屡莽态妥短四譬冬萌舷递爪叹饿何脂括情态动词的推测性用法情态动词的推测性用法,重点二情态动词的完成式用法,（,例1：I told Sally how to get there,but perhaps I _for her.had to write it out must have written it outC.should have written it outD.ough

7、t to write it out,选C。分析语境可知，口头上告知Sally如何去那里是不够的，所以我本应书面告知，却有没书面告知之，显得应使用should/ought to have written表示遗憾之情。,萝勾估空帖要膊裴荤恳淖餐斜祈部咐啮绵皂运豢戎腋硼柜息类大氰喀巫哪情态动词的推测性用法情态动词的推测性用法,例2：I was really anxious about you,you_home without a word.A.mustnt leave B.shouldnt have left C.couldnt have left D.neednt leave,析:选B。由语境可知

8、，我真的为你担心，所以你不应该一句话不说就离开家，但实际上你确实这么做了，显然应填shouldnt/ought to have left，表示责备。,陀前笋翁养贡治亲射浅糯责馅朝琉虽蟹牙拭睹尘段六元俄昆准岩孺鲸乌薄情态动词的推测性用法情态动词的推测性用法,（一）should/ought to have done本来应做而未做，表达遗憾感情色彩 should/ought not to have done本来不应做而做了，表达遗憾感情色彩,域拣询椒蛮种皱娶毛狐捐维腻赐颊涤刃啼善涌赡淖敦沸曙餐钥循吵将彬怎情态动词的推测性用法情态动词的推测性用法,（二）may/might have done可能已做m

9、ust have done 一定已做cant have done不可能已做,例1：-Where is my pen?-I _it.A.might lose B.wouldnt have lost C.should have lost D.must have lost,寡句珊院拼炊鄙鲤塔鬃垒绦澜眺专任函瑚浅卖盈藐岗貌揭块壬琴橡剂讫何情态动词的推测性用法情态动词的推测性用法,例2：The light in his room is still on,so he _ to bed.A.mustnt have goneB.must have goneC.shouldnt have gone D.cant

10、 have gone,析：选D。由于他房间里的灯还亮着推测，他不可能已经上床睡觉了，应填cant have gone。,熔拄肺合奴毯儿茧杏翘损茵妻垫荧仅印坟寿醉乎剐炭琉叛泞理翔潍家揭壬情态动词的推测性用法情态动词的推测性用法,（三）might/could have done指本来可能/能做而实际未做，表达遗憾的感情色彩,You might have killed yourself本可能送命I could have reported you本可以告发你I could have passed the exam,but I failed.You could at least have sent fi

11、ve cards.你本至少可以寄5张明信片的。,戊慨武档佩缝让蹈富纺强魔溉言煌逆混王占筹窘绵三蹬枝鸡蕉咽痪绽迂咋情态动词的推测性用法情态动词的推测性用法,（四）neednt have done表过去本来不必做某事却做了,Eg1.You neednt have bought that houseEg2.I neednt have gone to the station比较I didnt need to go to the station因为没有必要不曾前往,邱浪列蔼技邓艰蛙辑愚骑廊厩诸监弥治媒踏坠茫坚愿芭盾凤硅蔫慢尝挪陷情态动词的推测性用法情态动词的推测性用法,情态动词的异化现象,有些情态用于疑

12、问句进行回答时，出现了异化现象，此时回答在某个角度不能继续使用该情态动词，而改用别的动词。,杆捻啥荐仿坠扬露皇堑端困旨融剧株救炉每捂颓引拐忍意采般蚤采依赦攀情态动词的推测性用法情态动词的推测性用法,例1：-Must I start at once?No,you_.A.needntB.mustnt C.cantD.wont,析：A。由语境可知该答句表示“不必”，而mustnt表示“不准、禁止”，不符合语境，显然应使用neednt表示“不必”，但肯定句回答继续用must。,赖匀拷旺孙骆侨哑水梧萄芜尼触律触疑洽食痴摘伪拱奋翘饰振汪路葬糕酶情态动词的推测性用法情态动词的推测性用法,例2：-Need I

13、 hand in my exercise book at once?Yes,you_.A.mustB.need C.canD.will,析：选A。根据规定need用于一般疑问句作肯定回答应换成must,而作否定回答时，使用need的否定式neednt。,蜕盈杨拖渤唾巫晾锰隆羡础蒜迫黄靖刃领护祥贪羚喘凋兄锋刮芦津庐壕皋情态动词的推测性用法情态动词的推测性用法,exercise,There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.It_a comfortable journey.A.cant b

14、e B.shouldnt beC.mustnt have beenD.couldnt have been D,严追帝彼梳慧仿诱漆蠕港赚绷萌寝们株攒凋统逆仓否拯遵曝涛碌抿闺弟印情态动词的推测性用法情态动词的推测性用法,用合适的情态动词填空,1.I mailed that letter a week ago.He_（receive）it.我一周前就发出了那封信,想必他一定收到了。must have received2.I cant find my keys.I（leave）them at the school yesterday.may/might have left 3.Jack（arrive）yet,otherwise he would have telephoned me.cant have arrived,敷势赂棱杖诽粕毡姥拎出颂结岛声掺姚靠芬腻皿杉箕失榨扣反蘸冻查串病情态动词的推测性用法情态动词的推测性用法,情态动词其他重点内容,1.各个情态动词的含义2.几组词的比较Can vs be able to p283Must vs have to p287Would vs used to p300Finish translation on p303,兄妙皇怨帝对匿墨雷枢棉酱皱益蛀徒灌恿伪翠眺粟躯规命塞墨动够以潜疾情态动词的推测性用法情态动词的推测性用法,