初中知识点梳理All.ppt

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1、初中英语知识点梳理及操练,中考中的第二部分是通过单项选择，来考核学生对英语各个语言知识点所掌握的情况和程度。学生在分析、判断所选词语的正误时，不但要从语法角度去考虑，而且要从整句逻辑、习惯说法、词语不重复、用语须礼貌等各个方面去审视。这样，才能避免往往因粗心或偏解所造成的失误。,这一大题需要注意的是：在掌握英语各个语言知识点的一般规律之外，还需要注意英语各个语言知识点的特殊规律。在英语中，有许多语法结构与词语搭配都是因人、因事、因地而各不相同的，因此，不能像数学公式那样去生搬硬套。对于某些有特殊规律的语言知识点，学生一定要在平时加强注意和不断积累，在这方面是没有捷径可行的。此外，在学习时还要防

2、止只重语感、不谙其意的片面倾向。,中考英语知识网络图,语法,口语,词汇,短语,阅读,交际用语,听力,写作,知识运用,语法,词法,句法,词类,副词,名词,代词,动词,数词,形容词,构词法,名词、冠词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、介词、连词,可数名词、不可数名词、名词所有格、名词单复数、专有名词,人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词,基数词、序数词、分数、百分数,比较级、最高级,比较级、最高级,合成法、派生法、转化法、缩写和简写,动词,动词的基本形式,动词不定式,动词的时态,一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时,动词的语态,主动、被动,动

3、词的种类,系动词、助动词、情态动词、及物动词和不及物动词,句法,句子的种类,句子的成分,句子的类型,直接引语与间接引语,简单句,并列句,复合句,五个基本句型,宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句,陈述句（肯定式、否定式）、疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）、祈使句、感叹句,主语、谓语、宾语、（直接宾语、间接宾语）表语、定语、状语,阅读,基本技能,运用简单的阅读策略获取信息，根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词含义，理解句子间的逻辑关系，找出文章的主题、理解故事情节、预测故事的结局。,基本题型,理解文中细节,掌握语篇或段落主旨大意,概括、归纳、推断深层含义,判断词义,领会作者意图、判断人物性格,辨认图形及数据

4、推理,常见问题,写作,基本思路,根据图示或表格写出短文，根据要求写日记、短信、便条等，简单地描述人或事件,确立主题、列出提纲、收集素材、打好草稿、改正错误、认真抄写,知识运用,单项填空、完形填空、短文填空、补全对话,词汇,全部义务教育阶段英语词汇表（约1600个）及其派生词,短语,动词短语、名词短语、介词短语,交际用语,问候、介绍、告别、祝愿、祝贺、道歉、邀请、问路、购物、就餐、看病、帮助、请求、同意、允诺、喜好、厌恶、判断、可能、建议、劝告、提醒、打电话,听力,根据对话和短文回答问题、根据录音内容填空、判断正误、根据录音内容排序、根据录音内容匹配,口语,对话、访谈、复述、描述、讨论、角色扮演

5、、朗读、回答问题,语法总目,句子类型句子成分状语从句宾语从句/间接引语定语从句常见考查句型被动语态时态虚拟语气方法篇,构词法名词动词形容词/副词冠词代词介词连词九年级上册短语,构词法,构词有法记无定法,怎样记忆单词,一、把单词放入句子中，在一定的语言环境中记忆单词。如果一旦忘记词义，就回忆它所在的句子。很多成绩较好的同学都有一个体会，抓住对句子的理解和背诵这样一个关键，记忆单词一般来说是毫不费力的。二、将单词按归类的方法进行记忆。把同义词归成一类，如 learnstudy，betweenamong；反义词归成一类，如 leftright，highlow，strongweak；或根据含义和用途把

6、同一类型的词归成一类，如 交通工具类：car，bus，ship，plane，truck，学科类：maths，science，art，geography，频度副词类：always，usually，often，sometimes，never，等等。这样当遇到其中一个词时，头脑中出现的就是一组词，这样记忆单词的效率就会大大提高。同时，还可以掌握词与词之间的区别和各自特殊的用法，将平时极易混淆的单词清楚地区别开来。,三、利用构词法记忆单词。比如 happy（幸福的），加前缀“un”成为 unhappy（不幸福的），改“y”为“i”加后缀“ness”则变成了名词：happiness（幸福）；“pea（豌

7、豆）”与“nut（坚果）”可合成为“peanut（花生）”；when（何时）ever（在任何时候）whenever（无论什么时候）等等。四、根据记忆与遗忘的规律来记忆单词，即应及时在第二天、第三天甚至以后再读第一天记忆的单词，定期作阶级性的复习，同遗忘作斗争。要记忆单词就不能怕重复，重复也是记忆的一种好方法。五、初中阶段还有一个很实用的记忆单词的好方法就是根据音标即单词读音来记单词。只要你首先根据音标把一个单词读准、读对，那么就可根据其读音基本拼写出该单词。首先这要掌握一定的拼读规则。比如“dirty”，根据音标我们就能拼写出d-irty（在非重读音节中发i）。这种方法对于记忆字母较多的单词尤

8、其有效，如“contribution”，根据音标我们可把它分成四部分来记忆：contribution，这样就能较快地记住单词。,意义关联记忆,dictionarywords，umbrellarain，librarybookshelf，kitchencook,英英解释，温故知新,abroadin or to another country，overseas；interviewmeeting with sb,利用构词法记忆,1合成法：notebooknotebook，schoolyardschoolyard，bookmarkbookmark 2派生法（即在词根上加前、后缀记忆）：en（使有）cou

9、rageencourage；inter（one with another；face to face）viewinterview；foreigner（人）foreigner，player（执行动作的人）player，sharpener（执行动作的物）sharpener；library（yi）an（人）librarian；miss（v）ingmissing（adj），probable（adj）（l）yprobably（adv），sad（adj）lysadly（adv）；compose（v）（ei）tioncomposition（n），inform（v）（a）tioninformation（n）3转

10、化法：know（v）knowledge（n）,合成形容词,1数词单数名词。如：20minute 20分钟的 Its 20minute walk步行20分钟的路程。secondclass 二等的 500word 五百字的 Thats the secondclass room 那是个二等房间。This is a 500 word composition 这是一篇五百字的文章。2数词单数名词形容词。如：8yearold 八岁的 Mr Green has an 8yearold child 格林先生有个八岁的孩子。3数词名词的ed形式。如：threelegged 三条腿的 Tom bought a t

11、hreelegged table yesterday昨天汤姆买了一张三条腿的桌子。4形容词名词。如：roundtrip来回的；往返的 Do you need a roundtrip ticket 你想要一张往返的车票吗？parttime 非全部工作时间的；兼职的 He found a parttime job 他找到了一份额外的工作。5形容词名词的ed形式。如：kindhearted 好心的 Father Christmas is very kindhearted 圣诞老人的心肠非常好。,6名词过去分词。如：manmade人造的 China has sent up many manmade s

12、atellites 中国已发射了许多人造卫星。7名词名词的ed形式。如：glasstopped带有玻璃罩的 I want to own a glasstopped table 我想要一张带有玻璃罩的桌子。8副词过去分词。如：socalled所谓的 I dont like those socalled singers 我不喜欢那些所谓的歌星。9副词副词。如：soso马马虎虎；不好不坏的 My English is just soso 我的英语很一般。,前缀 例词 派生词 un-“不”happy unhappy like unlike usual unusual friendly unfriend

13、ly im-“不”possible impossible 后缀 例词 派生词-er“人”teacher/player/cleaner drive driver（以e结尾，-r）run runner（重读闭音节，双写-er)win winner travel traveller-or“人”invent inventor visit visitor-ly（副词后缀）bad badly quick quickly careful carefully happy happily deep deeply lucky luckily usual usually noisy noisily slow slo

14、wly angry angrily strong strongly quiet quietly 特例：true-truly terrible-terribly possible-possibly-ful（形容词后缀）care careful help helpful use useful forget forgetful-y（形容词后缀）rain rainy luck lucky cloud cloudy noise noisy（以e结尾，去e，加-y）snow snowy sun sunny（双写，加-y）wind windy-ion（名词后缀）invent invention operat

15、e operation-ness（名词后缀）busy business good goodness,一些特例：,动词 形容词/现在分词转化为名词 sleep asleep boat boating die dead build building enjoy enjoyable begin beginning cross crossing 名词 形容词 meet meeting friend friendly turn turning south southern shop shopping wool woolen danger dangerous 过去分词转为形容词 difference di

16、fferent fry fried worry worried 动词 名词 break broken know knowledge lose lost fly flight please pleased please pleasure color colored 名词 名词 动词/现在分词、过去分词转为形容词 farm farmer 农夫 follow following interest interested“感兴趣的”只作表语，仅用于be interested in develop interesting“有趣的”可作表语和定语 developed“发达的”developing“发展中的”

17、,练习题,1、Lucy can write a letter_Japanese though she has learned it only a few months.A.from B.to C.in D.with 2、They will have an English test_two days.A.for B.at C.in D.after 3、Wu Dong was born_the evening of April 2,1975.A.at B.in C.on D.to 4、I haven t heard _ her _ she left home.A.from,since B.from

18、,after C.of,when D.of,as 5、Tom didnt know_Jack would leave for Beijing tomorrow.A.how B.weather C.whether D.what 6、His parents were _(happy)because he had failed the exam again.7、Mrs.Green liked to stay _(safe)at the same place.8、The_(visit)from France are going to visit our school this afternoon.,思

19、考题,1、The farmer was_tired_he couldnt fall asleep.A.veryto B.tooto C.sothat D.neithernor 2、Work hard,_you wont catch up with the others.A.but B.and C.if D.or 3、The game is very _ and shes _ in it.A.interesting,interesting B.interested,interested C.interested,interesting D.interesting,interested,根据所给语

20、境和首字母写出单词的正确形式,56.Make a telephone call to your parents as soon as you get there,as they are c_ about your safety.57.Both the World Trade Organization and the United Nations are i_ organizations.58.After studying at school for more than two months,we are quite f_ with our school and teachers.59.Some

21、times some natural d_ such as floods and sandstorms will not happen if people protect the environment.60.Nelson Mandelaa modern h_ fought for the black people and was in prison for 30 years.61.When I was a child,I s_ a room with my sister.Now I have a room of my own.,62.F_,they realized that the who

22、le thing was a joke.63.He will never change his m_ once he decides to do something.64.Dont j_ a person by what he looks like or how much money he has.65.My brother advice on making friends is wonderful,and I will a_ it.He is so s_ that no one can persuade him to go there.The city will open a new par

23、k to h_ those who died in the disaster.I want to make friends with someone who can s_ happiness and sorrows with me.He looks old,but a_ he is twenty-nine years old.In fact,Mandela didnt like v_.He first broke the law in a peaceful way.Lots of houses were d_ in the earthquake and many people became h

24、omeless.,根据下列句子及所给的首字母或中文，在空白处填上各单词的正确形式,61.We should remember forever those h_ who died for peoples liberation(解放).62.The terrible flood d_ the farmers fields and houses last years,so many of them were homeless.63.You must seize this good _（机会)to study further in the famous university.64.The teache

25、r suggested that we should learn from the past,e_ the present and hope for the future.65.His son is an a_ young man,not afraid of danger.66.My cousin and I always _(交换)Christmas cards and gifts every year.67.The e_ on his face shows that he lost the game.68.The Red Cross is an international o_ which

26、 cares for people in need of help.,69.Hand in hand with reading,he had d_ the habit of making notes.70.Officers cannot work properly without certain important pieces of _(设备).71.They became good friends after the_(误解)were cleared up72.John got _ to Jane in 1999 after they had been in love for 3 year

27、s.(定婚)73.The speech by the mayor of Shanghai before the final voting for EXPO 2010 is strongly _ my memory.(铭刻)74.Coffee or milk?Which is your p_?75.He r_ what he said,if he had not said so,he would feel better now.76.The ability to give clear_(解释)is the most important quality of the ideal teacher.7

28、7.I would _it very much if you would help me with it.(感激),76.You are not o_ at all.Its not mercenary to take the weight-loss pills.77.F_ is the mother of success.78.The post arrive r_ at eight every morning.79.They were s_ to be here at 5oclock,but they have not turned up.80.We should i_ you of the

29、date of the delegations arrival.81.He attended the meeting and _(坚决要求)that we should take immediate action to put this right.82.This work calls for an _(经验)person.83.Two dogs were _(打架)over a bone.84.China is still a _(发展)country.85.I beg your pardon.he said with some _(尴尬).,76.It was my pleasure to

30、 be i_ to the great singer at the dinner party.77.-Peter,some of my money is g_.-You should be more careful.78.Li Bai,Dufu and Bai Juyi were three of the most famous p_ in the history of Chinese literature.79.-Who broke the cup?-Its my f_.I dropped it.80.Dont w_ so much time arguing about useless th

31、ings.81.What you said really _(使吃惊)us.82.The only _(解释)for his behavior is that he is mad.83.Although the fighting was going on,Dr.Bethune _(继续)his operation as if there was no danger at all.84.Our math teacher is a teacher of much _(经验).He has been teaching for thirty years.85.They have sold their

32、house and car in _(准备)for leaving the country.,94.His father is very short，which he often feels（羞耻的）of。95.Every woman wants a slim _（体型）。96.The policeman followed the person whose _(行为)was so strange for a while and then caught him.97.I had better say a few words by way of _(解释)98.Children are f_ to

33、 smoke.99.All the students are making p _for the word test.100.Martin：What made you feel so e just now？Kevin：Calling our headmasters names without knowing he was standing behind me。101.There is only a small a of food。102.After g_ from university,he went to China to study music.103.He a _to me for st

34、epping on my foot.,根据下列各句句意及所给的汉语注释，写出所缺单词的正确形式。,66.The _(生活方式)of the twin brothers are quite different from each other.67.The students _(抱怨)that they didnt have enough sleep.68.It is not good for your health to live a too _(有压力的)life all day long.69.This building was _(设计)by a very famous Frenchman

35、.70.The weather _(预报)says that we shall have a heavy rain this afternoon.71.Everyone is _(平等的)in our country no matter how rich or poor you are.72.A great _(灾难)happened to the family last year.73.In my _(观点),it was foolish of him to commit suicide.74.It is our _(传统的)custom to celebrate the Spring Fe

36、stival.,根据A句，写出B 句，使AB两句意思相同,71.A:The farmer sat under the tall tree.They talked and laughed happily together.B.The farmer sat under the tall tree,_ _ _ happily together.72.A:Mr.He is always so busy that he has no time for his friends.B:Mr.He is always _ busy _ _ time for his friends.73.A:He was a c

37、lever boy.He worked out the riddle without any trouble.B:He was a clever boy _ had _ _ in working out the riddle.74.A:There will be many people at the theater,so we will go there early so that we can get good seats.B:With many people at the theater,we will go there _ _ _ get good seats.75.A:Sarahs f

38、riends asked her if she was going to mail the gifts to her parents.B:“_ _ going to mail the gifts to _ parents?”Sarahs friends asked her.,84.This country won its _(独立)in 194685._(书面)English is much more difficult to learn than spoken English.86.Did you hear the _(登机)calls just now?87.Eco-travel,on t

39、he other hand,is a way to travel _(责任)88.This is really an _(难忘的)holiday.89.Can you tell me the correct _(目的地)of the plane over there?90.I hope you cab finish the work before the _(期限).91.They were talking about means of _(运输)in China.92.When was his first book _(出版)?93.The 2008 Olympics will be _(主

40、办)by our China.94.The lion s_ to its feet and rushed to the man.95.Oliver was unable to give police a _（描述）of his attacker.96.You will be better accepted if you can speak more_（自然地）in public.97.The little girl got _（分开）from the group in the dark.98.The two friends _（分享）all that they had when they we

41、re studying abroad.,完成句子,91.我盼望今年暑假见到你。Im _ _ _ _ you this summer vacation.92.总是节食对身体是有害的。Always going _ _ is harmful to our body.93.事实上，睡得少并不有助于减肥。_ a _ _ _,less sleep do not help you to lose weight.91.他对我来说不仅仅是个朋友。He is _.92.你应该对你所做的事情负责。You are _ for what you said.93.你打算怎样处理你在图书馆捡到的钱包？What _ the

42、purse you found in the library?94.我们不想对年轻人太苛刻。We dont want to _.,95.下周我将负责整个工厂。I will _ the whole company next week.71.海伦在美国出生但在伦敦长大，她妹妹也一样。Helen was born in America but grew up in London,_ _ _ _her sister.72.漂流很刺激，但另一方面，漂流也很危险。Rafting is full of excitement,but_ _ _ _,it is very dangerous at times.7

43、3.我正要洗澡这时有人敲门。I was _ _bathe _someone knocked _the door.74.我们应该全心全意为人民服务。We should _the people _ _ _.75.为了赶上6点的火车，我们起得很早。_ _ _ _the six oclock train,we got up very early.,用下列所给短语的适当形式填空,get along with,even if,give in,at an end,put in prison,play an important role in1.Helen was _ for stealing a car l

44、ast year.2.These foreigners can understand each other _ they dont speak the same kind of English.3.How are you _ your English study?Quite well.4.The UN _ the international relations.5.The child was crying.The mother _ and bought a toy for him.6.The Second World War was _ in 1945.,depend on get invol

45、ved with switch over judgeby separatefrom go off take up operate on react to apply for protectfrom fight for(其中有多余选项）,76.I dont like the program.Please _ to Channel 5.77.The alarm clock suddenly _ and he jumped out of his bed at once.78.Those old books _ too much room,but I dont know what to do with

46、 them.79.He organized protests many times to _ equal rights for the black people.80.We shouldnt _ others _ what they wear.81.Many people _ the preparation for the coming competition.82.You should remember to _ your DC player _ sunlight and rainwater.83.How did the patient _ this kind of medicine?84.

47、Whether he will come or not _ the weather tomorrow morning.85.She _ a job with the local newspaper yesterday.,动词填空,86.He suggested that we _(leave)at once.87.A lot of people got burnt in the big fire,_(include)the two poor girls.88._(improve)his English,Wang Ling works much harder.89.He _(finish)lea

48、rning advanced math by the time he was 14 years old.90.I have got a pain in my eyes recently.Yesterday I went to hospital and had my eyes _(test),根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空,I usually get up at four oclock every morning when its 36 dark.I live and 37 on the farm so I dont need to travel.38 a big b

49、reakfast in my house,I walk out 39 the front door and Im already at work.There are 40 things to do on the farm all day.We dont have the 41 work hours that office workers in the city have.We do jobs when they need to be done and that could be early in the morning 42 late at night.I have cows,sheep,pi

50、gs and chickens on my farm.I have to make sure they are free of 43(sick).I also grow wheat and vegetables so there are many things to 44 after.I love movies.My wife calls me a“movie fan”.But there isnt a 45 in my village so I dont get the chance to go very often.,On the first day,all students went t