英语被动语态课件.ppt

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1、英语被动语态,英语的语态：主动语态和被动语态,语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。如：,主动：We cleaned the classroom yesterday.被动：The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday.,需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。The room hasnt been cleaned yet.,什么时候要用被动语态呢,不

2、知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。Football is played all over the world,没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动语态。The bridge was built last year.,当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如：The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。,汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等客观的说明时。例如：It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house.It was reported that her mother died of

3、 SARS.It is well known that 众所周知 It is supposed that 据推测说,汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：Tina is asked to come by PaulTina是被Paul叫来的。,某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：He was born in October，1989,动词的被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”(根据句子的主语和时态，助动词be的变化是通过人称、数和时态的变化表现出来的，疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。有am,is,are,was,were,been几个形式变化。)当主动句变为被动句时，原来的宾语变成了主语，原来的

4、主语变成了介词by 的宾语。主动句与被动句的结构虽然不同，但动作的执行者和承受者的关系并没有改变。,被动语态的构成,即：be+v.(p.p)(+by sb.),各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表,主动语态变被动语态解题步骤:,1.一划-划出句子的主语、谓语、宾语,2.二看-看句子的时态,3.三变-把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语 把主动语态的谓语动词变为被动语态 把主动语态的主语放在介词by之后作宾 语，将主格改为宾格。,主动句中谓语动词的发出者由by引出，作为by的宾语，也可以省略。请看以下主动语态和被动语态结构的转换：主动语态:主语谓语宾语被动语态:例：We clean our

5、classroom every day.（主动）注意把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。如上 例，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也 要用一般现在时。如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词 by的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语we改为us。,主语,by+宾语,be+过去分词,（被动）,every day,by us,Our classroom,is cleaned,各种时态的被动语态,am/is/are+过去分词,一般现在时被动语态,People speak English all over the world.,English is spoken by peop

6、le all over the world.,He rides the motorbike to his factory every day.,The motorbike is ridden to his factory every day.,We call the snowman Mr.Strong.,The snowman is called Mr.Strong.,We usually hear him play in the next room.,He is usually heard to play in the next room.,Present tense(am/is are+d

7、one),1.Li Ming drives the bus through the city.The bus _ _by Li Ming through the city.2.They look after the children well.The children _well _ _by them.3.The policeman stops us at the station.We _ _by the policeman at the station.4.His father tells them a story every day.They _ _a story every day.5.

8、They sell fruit every day.Fruit _ _by _every day.,is driven,are looked after,are stopped,are told,is sold them,waswere+动词的过去分词.,一般过去时被动语态,Mike broke the glass yesterday.,The glass was broken by mike yesterday.,He bought some fruits yesterday.,Some fruits were bought by him yesterday.,Past tense(was/

9、were+done),1.Li Ming drove the bus through the city.The bus _ _by Li Ming through the city.2.They looked after the children well.The children _well_ _by them.3.The policeman stopped us at the station.We_ _by the policeman at the station.,was driven,were looked after,were stopped,My uncle can repair

10、this watch in two days.,情态动词+be+v.p.p.,情态动词的被动语态,This watch can be repaired by my uncle in two days.,He can carry the basket.,The basket can be carried by him.,They can sing some beautiful songs.,Some beautiful songs can be sung by them.,“We must put them in the fridge.”The dogs thought.,“They must

11、be put in the fridge.”The dogs thought.,Exercises for Passive Voice(7),1.You must return the books to him at once.The books _ _ _to him at once.2.He can finish the work in two days.The work _ _ _ by _ in two days.3.We should clean the machine every day.The machine _ _ _every day.4.They may fix the c

12、ar in three days.The car_ _ _by _in three days.5.She will buy another bike soon.Another bike _ _ _by_soon.,must be returned,can be finished him,should be cleaned,may be fixed them,will be bought her,They will finish the work in ten days.,The work will be finished(by them)in ten days.,一般将来时被动语态,S+wil

13、l+be+过去分词,They are going to have an evening party tomorrow.,An evening party is going to be had tomorrow.,Future tense with“be going to”be going to+be+done(10),1.He is going to write down the story.The story is going to _ _ down by _.2.They are going to build the bridge.The bridge is going to _ _ by

14、 them.3.She was going to read the book.The book was going to _ _ by _4.His brother is going to speak English in class.English is going to _ _ by him in class.5.You are going to answer the phone from SH.The phone from Shanghai is going to _ _ by you.,Some workers are painting the rooms now,The rooms

15、are being painted by some workers now.,现在进行时被动语态,S+am/is/are+being+过去分词,They are holding a sports meeting now.,A sports meeting is being held(by them)now.,Some workers were painting the rooms at 10:00 yesterday,The rooms were being painted by some workers at 10:00 yesterday.,过去进行时被动语态,S+was/were+bei

16、ng+过去分词,We have made twenty more keys,Twenty more keys have been made by us.,现在完成时被动语态,S+have/has+been+过去分词,Workers have built the house since two years ago.,The house has been built since two years ago.,have(has)+been+done,1.The doctor has saved many peoples lives.Many peoples lives _ _ _by the doc

17、tor.2.The dustmen havent collected the rubbish.The rubbish _ _ _ by the dustmen yet.3.They have sold out the magazines.The magazines_ _ _ _by _.4.Someone has just broken the glass.The glass _just _ _by someone.,have been saved,hasnt been collected,have been sold out,them,has been broken,We had made

18、twenty more keys by the end of last week.,Twenty more keys had been made by us by the end of last week.,过去完成时被动语态,S+had+been+过去分词,We had received many letters by the end of last week.,Many letters had been received by the end of last week.,过去将来时被动语态,S+would+be+过去分词,They would have a party the next d

19、ay.,A party would be had(by them)the next day.,They would have a party the next day.,A party would be had(by them)the next day.,四几种值得注意的被动语态变化,一些使役动词(let,have,make等)或感观动词(see,hear,watch,notice等)在动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动语态时，要补上to。如：,The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day.The workers are made t

20、o work 18 hours a day by the boss.,I saw him enter the house.He was seen to enter the house by me.The teacher let them leave the classroom after class.They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class.We hear her sing in the room every day.She is heard to sing in the room every day.注意当

21、使用see/hear/watch sb doing sth时，变为被动语态时，doing保持不变。如：I saw him going into the shop.(主动)He was seen going into the shop.(被动),使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表,go,含有短语的被动语态结构。一般来说，只有及物动词才有被动语态，因为只有及物动词才有承受者。但许多不及物动词加上副词或介词构成动词短语也相当于及物动词的用法，可以带宾语，因而也有被动语态。动词短语主要有三种：A 及物动词+副词 如：turn off、set up、carry out、put off、take away

22、、turn on、hand in、move away、pass on、write down、put away、put on、take down、send away、try on、put down、sell out、hold on、try out、send up、take off、wear out、wake up、take out、dress up、give back、work out、get back、find out、pick up、give up、pull up、put up 等B 不及物动词+介词 如：look after talk about play with等,C.“动词+名词+介

23、词”构成的短语。如：take care of、pay attention to、make use of等动词短语是不可分割的整体，在变被动语态时，不可把它们分隔开来。请看下面的例子：They set up the factory in 2000.The factory was set up in 2000.Our school will put off the School Sports meeting until December.The School Sports meeting will be put off until December.People have talked about

24、 the accident.The accident has been talked about.You should pay more attention to your study this year.Your study should be paid more attention to this year.带有介词或副词的动词短语，在改为被动语态时，不能把介词或副词拆开。,带有双宾语的被动结构在句中的使用。有些动词可以带两个宾语，即指人的间宾和指物的直宾。可以将其中一个宾语提到前面做主语，另一个留在后面。A.Her parents bought her a new computer ye

25、sterday.She was bought a new computer yesterday.A new computer was bought for her yesterday.B.They have given me some good advice.I have been given some good advice.Some good advice has been given to me.C.She will write a long letter to David Smith.A long letter will be written to David Smith.David

26、Smith will be written a long letter.,buy sth for sb,give sth to sb,带双宾语的动词主要有以下几个：,give,buy,sell,take,bring,make,hand,pass,keep,send等带双宾语的动词，改为被动语态，当用直接宾语作主语时，要根据动词的习惯配搭、要在间接宾语前补上介词to或for.它们的句型主要有以下几个：give sth to sb=give sb sthbuy sth for sb=buy sb sthsell sth to sb=sell sb sthtake sth to sb=take sb

27、 sthbring sth to sb=bring sb sthmake sth for sb=make sb sthhand sth to sb=hand sb sthpass sth to sb=pass sb sthkeep sth for sb=keep sb sthsend sth to sb=send sb sth 例：He passed me some paper.(主动)Some paper was passed to me by him.（被动）You must keep some fruit for him.(主动)Some fruit must be kept for h

28、im.（被动）,五、主动形式也可以表示被动意义的几种情况：,1、主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性的动词。常见的这类动词有write,read,wear,wash,clean,sell,run等。这些动词常与副词连用。例如：,The machine runs well.This pen writes quite smoothly.This kind of book sells well.,*That bike doesnt belong to Mike.,*Great changes have taken place in this city.,2、不及物动词没有被动语态。,如：belong,

29、happen,take place,last,come true,remain,succeed,fall,die,arrive,等。,3、表示“开始”；“结束”类的动词。常见的这类动词有begin,start,open,close,end,finish,stop等。例如：,School begins in September.The stores in this area open later at weekends than at weekdays.,4、表示主语状态特征的连系动词：look,feel,smell,taste,sound,prove,appear等被动态和进行时态。例如：,D

30、o you like the material?Yes,it _ very soft.A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt,C,Your idea sounds reasonable.What he said proved to be correct.,5、反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。You must look after yourself,The coat fits me well.,I have a TV set.,have/fit,6、表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态,7、祈使句一般没有被动语态。Look at the blackboard

31、，please,6、动名词主动形式表示被动意义,（1）.在need,require,want(需要)等动词后，表示某物(人)要进行处理时，后接动名词一般式的主动形式作宾语表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动式。例如：,Youve come just in time to help us.Fine,what requires doing?(=Fine,what requires to be done?)This sentence needs _.A.an improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved,C,（2）.be worth 后接动名词的主动式表示被动

32、意义。,His suggestion is not worth considering.,7、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义,（1）不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式有逻辑 上的主谓关系时。例如：,The next train to arrive was from New York.,（2）作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词或代词有 逻辑上的动宾关系，且句子的主语或间接 宾语与该不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系时。,Please give me something to eat.I have a lot of work to do today.,（3）.用在作表语或宾语补足语的形容词后面的不 定式，如果与句子

33、的主语或宾语有动宾关系 时，一般用主动形式。例如：,His speech in English was difficult to follow.Do you think him easy to get along with?,(间接宾语me是to eat的逻辑主语),(主语I是to do的逻辑主语),(不定式与宾语有动宾关系),(状语to follow与主语有动宾关系),把下列主动句改为被动句,1.The boy cleaned the desk a moment ago.The desk was cleaned by the boy a moment ago.2.We will plant

34、2000 trees next year.2000 trees will be planted by us next year.3.You must keep the room clean and tidy.The room must be kept clean and tidy by you.4.The police have caught the thief.The thief has been caught by the police.5.The farmers are cutting down the trees on the hill.The trees on the hill ar

35、e being cut down by the farmers.,Fill in the blanks1.He _(buy)a dictionary last Sunday.But this dictionary _(not buy)by him.2.The League _(found)in 1922.3.Look!That child _(sing)this song.And it _(sing)by many children,too.4.They _(mend)10 desks already.5.He is very ill.Hed better _(take)to the hosp

36、ital.6.It_(snow)hard now and the ground _(cover)with snow soon.,bought,wasnt bought,was founded,is singing,is sung,have mended,be taken,is snowing,will be covered,7.Yesterday I _(make)one kite.The other two _(make)by Kate.8.She was seen _(help)that old man.9.We _(do)homework every day and it must _（

37、do)carefully.10.There are four boys _(plant)trees in the park and there are 10 more trees _(plant).,to be planted,planting,be done,do,made,were made,to help,1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The wind

38、ows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.,are used,are,cleaned,(变被动语态）,七嘴八舌,3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.,The ticket was found,was told,3.We found the ticket on the floor.,5.His doctor made him have o

39、nly two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them.,was made to have,can be,used,7.Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?,Were ma

40、ny trees planted,Must be finished,9.The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1)_ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2)Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.,we were given,were,given to us,10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the

41、 work.Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.,was asked,is done,12.He can mend the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.,can be mended,must be,taken,14.The students in this school study German.German

42、 _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_ this question often _ about _ _?,is studied,Is,talked,by them,1Stamps_by people for sending letters.A.use B.using C.used D.are used.2.Must old people_to politely?A.speak B.spoken C.be spoke D.be spoken3.Bike mustnt_every

43、where.A.be up B.be put C.put C.putting4.The woman fell off the bike and _on the road.A.lay B.was lain C.lied D.has lain,D,D,B,A,5.The old man and the children_in our country.A.must take good care.B.must be take good care ofC.must take good care of Dmust be taken good care of 6.All trees must_well wh

44、en it is dry.A.be water B.watering C.water D.be watered7._I think the shop_._No,its open.It_at six.close,close B closed,closedC.closed;closes D.is closed,closes,D,D,D,将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。1.We can finish the work in two days.The work _ _ _ in two days.2.They produce silk in Suzhou.Silk _ _ in Suzhou.3.T

45、he children will sing an English song.An English song _ _ _ by the children.4.You neednt do it now.It _ _ _ by you now.5.Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week.A New Year Card _ _ _ me by Lucy last week.6.He made me do that for him.I _ _ _ _that for him.7.I have given this book to the library.This b

46、ook _ _ _ to the library.,can be finished,is produced,will be sung,neednt be done,was sent to,was made to do,has been given,1.Rice in the south of china.A grows B is grown C are grown D grew2.English by us every morning.A is B reads C are read D is read 3.A car in1885.A were invented B was inventedC

47、 is invented D invented4.The shop last night.A is robbed B was robbed C are robbed D opened 5.The work must in two weeks.A be finish B be finished C finish D will finis,B,D,B,B,B,5.The work must in two weeks.A be finish B be finished C finish D will finish6.Those things may to the room.A move B move

48、d C be moved D are moved7.Where the cars?A aremade B domakeC were made D is.made8.The train station in 1981.A is built B are built C was built D were built,B,C,C,C,1.The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1,1949.A.found B.was founded C.is founded D.was found 2.English _ in Canada.A.speaks B.are

49、spoken C.is speaking D.is spoken 3 This English song _ by the girls after class.A.often sings B.often sang C.is often sang D.is often sung4.This kind of car _ in Japan.A.makes B.made C.is making D.is made,5.New computers _ all over the world.A.is used B.are using C.are used D.have used6.Our room mus

50、t _ clean.A.keep B.be kept C.to be kept D.to keep 7.-Id like to buy that coat.-Im sorry._.A.it sold B.its selling C.Its been sold D.it had been sold8.A new house _ at the corner of the road.A.is building B.is being built C.been built D.be building,9.The key _ on the table when I leave.A.was left B.w