语法填空之考点分析.ppt

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1、高考英语语法填空,考点解析,考点1:冠词,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)。1.(2015卷II62)The adobe dwellings(土坯房)built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _ most modern architects and engineers.,由其后面的“most modern”可知，这里是最高级，其前面通常用the。,the,2.(2014卷I63)Now,years later,this river is one of _ most outstanding

2、 examples of environmental cleanup.,在形容词最高级(most outstanding)前，一般要用the。,the,3.(2014样卷8)Alan:(opening the fridge door)Well,it wasnt me.But Mum,look!Are these your sandwiches here on the bottom shelf of _ fridge?,指说话人和听话人心目中都知道的“那个”冰箱，故填the。,the,当纯空格在没有限定词的名词前，特别是单数可数名词前，通常是填冠词，根据语境及定冠词与不定冠词的基本用法选用恰当的

3、冠词。(注：限定词主要是指冠词、形容词性物主代词，以及some,any,another等不定代词)此外，这种情况下，也有可能要求考生填some,any,other,another等不定代词。,在下列各句中的空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)并说明理由。1.(2015广东卷)Mr.Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.He owned _ farm which looked almost abandoned.,指拥有“一个”农场。,a,2.(2014广东卷)She apologized for the mistake and g

4、ave us a spare VIP room on _ top floor.特指“在顶楼”(on the top floor)。3.(2013广东卷)In the beginning,there was only _very small amount of unfairness in the world因a small amount of(很少量的)是固定词组，故填a。另外，a large amount of意为“大量的”，其后通常都是接不可数名词。,the,a,4.(2012广东卷)Mary will never forget the first time she saw him He w

5、alked in For some reason he sat beside Mary.But she quickly realized that it wasnt her,it was probably the fact that she sat in _ last row.,特指最后的那一排，用定冠词。,the,5.(2011广东卷)I sat next to the man and introduced myself.We had _ amazing conversation.,因为have a conversation 相当于have a talk，是固定短语，意为“谈话”。amazi

6、ng以元音音素开头，故其前用an。,an,6.(2010广东卷)A young man,while traveling through a desert,came across a spring of clear water._ water was sweet.,特指前面提到的clear water，相当于“这”种清泉,故填The。,The,7.(2009广东卷)Besides,shopping at this time of the year was not _ pleasant experience:people stepped on your feet.,句中experience意为“经

7、历”，是可数名词;由冒号之后的内容可知，一年的这个时候去购物并不是一次愉快的经历，表示“一次”用不定冠词，故填a。,a,8.(2007广东卷)the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to _ small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage.,指将车拉到离那里大约有20公里远的“一个小镇”去修,表示“一个”用不定冠词，small以辅音音素开头，故填a。,a,9.So bright was _ moon that the flowe

8、rs were bright as by day.因moon是世界上独一无二的事物，其前用the。10.Argentina is _ second biggest nation in Latin America.在表示顺序的序数词前，要用the。,the,the,11.As we all know,its one of _ nicest parks in the country.最高级前要用the。12.This is _ third time that Ive read the book.序数词前用定冠词the。,the,the,13._ Changjiang River is longer

9、 than any other river in China.由普通名词构成的专有名词前一般要加the。又如：the Childrens Palace(少年宫)。14.Alexander Graham Bell invented _ telephone in 1876.表示整个类属，要用定冠词the。又如，The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.老虎面临绝种的危险。,The,the,15.Alice likes playing _ violin while Henry is interested in listening to music.表示演奏

10、西洋乐器,乐器名称前习惯上用the。16.Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by _ hour.在计量单位名词前用the，表示“按付/租/卖”，这里是“按小时付款”。,the,the,17.The higher we go above the earth,_ rarer the air is.表示“越就越”用the+比较级the+比较级。18.Im sure that zero-emission vehicles may take _ place of todays cars in the near future.因take the p

11、lace of(代替)是固定词组。,the,the,19.Its no trouble at all;on _ contrary,it will be a great pleasure to help you.因on the contrary(恰恰相反，与此相反)是固定词组。20.She planned to go to France to study French,but that is out of _ question now.因out of the question(不可能的)是固定词组。比较：out of question(毫无疑问，没问题)。记忆方法：没有the就没有问题。,the

12、,the,考点2:介词,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)。1.(2015卷I66)For those who fly to Guilin,its only an hour away _ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.,指乘车一个小时的路程。表示交通方式的“乘；坐”用介词by。又如：by boat/bus/car/plane 乘船/公共汽车/小汽车/飞机，by air/land/sea 航空/陆路/航海。,by,2.(2015卷II67)_ the same time,they warm up again for

13、 the night.,因at the same time(同时)是固定词组。,At,3.(2014卷II44)When the bus finally came,we all hurried on board.I got a place next _ the window,so I had a good view of the sidewalk.,因名词the window在句中不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语，很可能就是作介词的宾语；next to意为“在的旁边;挨着”,故填to。,to,当空格后的名词(一般前有限定词)、代词或动名词在句中不是作主语、表语，也不是作动词的宾语时，那就是作介

14、词的宾语，即填介词。因为名词和代词最典型的用法是在句中作主语或宾语，既然不作主语和动词的宾语，那就是作介词的宾语了，所以要填介词。具体填什么介词,可能是由介词与该名词的搭配及其意义来决定,也可能是由动词或形容词与介词的句式搭配来决定。,从以上已考的三个小题来看，by car,at the same time,next to都是习惯搭配或固定词组。因此，对短语中的介词需高度重视。填入适当的介词，完成下列词组或短语。,1._ nine oclock在9点钟2._ Christmas在圣诞节3._ noon/night在中午/晚上4._ dawn/dusk在黎明/黄昏5._ the moment此刻

15、6._ Sunday(morning)在周日(早上)7._ July 1st 在7月1日,表示时间的介词(2226除外),at,at,at,at,at,on,on,8._ the following day在第二天9._ a clear night在一个晴朗的夜晚10._ August 在8月11._ 2015 在2015年12._ the night of August 1st 2015在 2015年8月1日晚上13._ one time曾经，一度,on,on,in,in,on,at,14._ the age of 6在六岁时15._ the end of 在的尽头16._ the same

16、 time同时17._ times(=sometimes)有时18._ once(=immediately)立刻19._ present现在，目前20._ first在开始时,at,at,at,at,at,at,at,21._ last最后，终于22._ table在进餐23._ work在工作24._ school在上学25._ least至少，起码26._ most最多，至多,at,at,at,at,at,at,27.account _ your absence说明你缺席的 原因28.apply _ the post申请这个职位29.approve _ your choice同意你的选择3

17、0.ask _ sick leave请病假31.belong _ me属于我的，是我的,动词+介词,for,for,of,for,to,32.believe _ God信仰上帝e _ London来自伦敦e _ an old friend碰见一位老朋 友35.depend _ our parents依靠我们的父母36.deal _ an awkward situation处理尴 尬的局面37.concentrate _ my studies全神贯注于 学习,in,from,across,on,with,on,38.head _ the door向门口走去39.hunt _ a lost boo

18、k 寻找一本丢失的书40.learn _ ones mistakes 从错误中学习41.look _ the problem调查这个问题42.look _ the children照顾这些孩子43.look _ a job找工作,for,for,from,into,after,for,44.lead _ an accident导致事故45.live _ ones salary靠工资生活46.operate _ her给她动手术47.meet _ misfortune遇到不幸48.pay _ the book给这本书付款49.prepare _ the exam为考试作准备,to,on,on,w

19、ith,for,for,50.refer _ a dictionary查词典51.run _ a handsome boy追求帅哥52.send _ a doctor请医生来53.search _ the missing child寻找丢失 的孩子54.set _ solving the problem着手解 决问题,to,after,for,for,about,55.suffer _ headache患头痛病56.US stands _ the United States US代 表美国57.serve _ a gardener做园艺工人58.stick _ the rules坚持按规矩办事

20、59.worry _ personal gain计较个人得失60.wait _ the opportunity 等待机会,for,from,for,as,to,about,61.break away _ a habit改掉习惯62.get along well _ him与他相处很好63.catch up _ him赶上他64.put up _ his cruelty忍受他的虐待65.go on _ his story继续讲他的故事66.look forward _ seeing you盼望见到你67.get close _ nature接近大自然,动词+副词+介词,from,with,wit

21、h,with,with,to,to,68.pay a visit _ the seaside去海滨游玩69.go in _ sports爱好运动70.look out _ pickpockets小心扒手71.look around _ a room四处寻找房子72.look down _ him瞧不起他73.think highly _ his works对他的作品 评价很高,of,to,for,for,for,upon,74.pay attention _ your spelling注意你的拼写75.take care _ his elderly parents照顾他年迈的父母76.take

22、 advantage _ the Internet利用互联网,动词+名词+介词,to,of,of,77.make use _ reference books利用参考书78.make fun _ Mr.Smith嘲笑史密斯先生79.have trust _ his judgment信任他的判断,of,of,in,80.have difficulty _grammar语法方面 有困难81.shake hands _ us同我们握手82.catch sight _a car一眼瞥见一辆汽车83.get rid _ carelessness克服粗枝大叶84.take part _ a discussi

23、on参加讨论,with,with,of,of,in,85.take pride _ her success为她的成 功感到骄傲86.play a part _在方面起作用87.show an interest _ science对理科 感兴趣,in,in,in,88.have a talent _ singing有唱歌的天赋89.have a gift _ music有音乐的天赋90.have an effect _ her life对她的生活 有影响,for,for,on,91.keep an eye _ that fellow留意 那个家伙92.play a joke _ his coll

24、eagues开 他的同事的玩笑93.play a trick _ him捉弄他,on,on,on,94.adapt oneself _ the new surroundings适应新环境95.accustom oneself _ this lifestyle适 应这种生活方式96.devote oneself _ singing沉溺于唱歌97.apply oneself _ learning English致 力于学习英语,动词+oneself+介词(=be V-ed+介词),to,to,to,to,98.addict oneself _ drinking沉湎于饮酒99.abandon one

25、self _ sorrow沉溺于忧伤 之中100.bury oneself _ the books埋头于读书101.busy oneself _ the housework忙于家 务,with,to,to,in,102.be good _善于103.be curious _对好奇104.be busy _ sth.忙于某事105.be content _对满意106.be satisfied _对满意107.be popular _ sb.受某人的欢迎,be+形容词+介词,at,about,with,with,with,with,108.be patient _ sb.对某人有耐心109.be

26、 familiar _熟悉110.be angry _对生气111.be tired _(=be fed up with)对厌倦112.be tired _因感到疲劳113.be aware _知道，意识到,with,with,with,of,from,of,114.be fond _ 喜欢，爱好115.be proud _以自豪116.be afraid _害怕117.be full _充满118.be accustomed _习惯于119.be used _习惯于120.be related _与有关,of,of,of,of,to,to,to,121.be equal _ 等于，能胜任12

27、2.be absent _缺席，未到场123.be different _与不同124.be absorbed _专心于125.be interested _对感兴趣126.be rich _富含,to,from,from,in,in,in,127.be late _ 迟到128.be fit _适合129.be similar _与类似130.be surprised _对感到惊讶131.be strict _ sb.对某人要求严格132.be ashamed _对感到惭愧,of,for,for,to,at,with,在下列各句中的空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)并说明理由。1.(2015广

28、东卷)He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby _ other food,表示交换用介词for。且exchange A for B(用A换取B)是固定搭配。,for,2.(2015广东卷)While making great efforts to run away,the cow fell over the hill and died.Then the Johnsons had to make a living _ the cow.,既然母牛死了，这家人就是在“没有”母牛的情况下谋生了。,without,3.(2014广

29、东卷)I didnt understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged _ the reservation.,因chargefor(为收费)是习惯搭配，故填for。,for,4.(2013广东卷)The only reason a man would sell salt _a lower price would be because he was desperate for money.,表示“以某种价格”,用介词at。at a lower price意为“以低价”。另外,句中be desp

30、erate for意为“极需”。,at,5.(2013广东卷)And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect _ the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.因show respect for sb./sth.(尊重)是固定短语，故填for。6.(2012广东卷)The new boy looked at the teacher _ a few seconds and表示某个动词或状态

31、延续了多久,用“for+时间段”。,for,for,7.(2011广东卷)I didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didnt like leaving him _ his own either.,因on ones own(=alone)是固定搭配,所以填on。,on,8.(2010广东卷)His teacher took a deep drink and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.The young man went home _ a happy he

32、art.,此处指这个年轻人“带着”愉快的心情回家。表示“带着”用with，介词短语with a happy heart作伴随状语，修饰谓语went home。,with,9.(2009广东卷)She found some good quality pipes _ sale.因表示“出售”的on sale是固定搭配,故填on。10.(2009广东卷)When Jane got home,with her small but well-chosen present in her bag,her parents were already _ table having supper.因at table

33、表示“在餐桌边；在进餐”，是习惯搭配。,on,at,11.(2008广东卷)Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life._ these proverbs there are often interesting stories.,指“在中国的这些谚语的背后/里面”常常有有趣的故事，故填介词Behind或In。注意，在句首，要大写首字母。,Behind/In,12.(2008广东卷)He was very tired _ _ doing this for a whole

34、 day,but he felt very happy.,因“他感到很累”应是“在他做了一整天事之后”,表示“在之后”用介词after;另外be tired from doing(因做某事而累)是固定搭配，故也可填from。,from,after/,13.(2007广东卷)I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honour of receiving me _ a guest in their house.,由句意“把我当作客人来接待(rece

35、ive sb.as)”可知填介词as。,as,14.(2007广东卷)When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village,I wanted to reward the old woman _ the trouble I had caused her.表示“因而酬谢/报答某人”是reward sb.for sth.，故填for。15.School life has a great influence _ the formation of a childs character.因have a great inf

36、luence on(对有巨大影响)是固定搭配。,for,on,16.She made helpful comments _ my work.因make comments on(对的评论)是固定搭配。17.Poor health may be a barrier _ success.因barrier to(的障碍)是固定搭配。,to,on,18.You need a password to get access _ the computer system.因get access to(可以使用)是固定搭配。19.They united to find a solution _ their pro

37、blem.因solution to(的解决办法)是固定搭配。,to,to,20.I dont know the answer _ that question.因the answer to(的答案)是固定搭配。,to,to,考点3:连词,在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）。1.(2014卷I64)But the river wasnt changed in a few days _ even a few months.It took years of work to reduce the industrial pollution and clean the water.,在否定句中起并列作用，用

38、or。,or,2.(2014卷II42)There were many people waiting at the bus stop,_ some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.,前后是两个句子，应填连词；不缺句子成分，意义完整，再根据两句意义之间的逻辑性判断，是并列关系，故填and。,and,3.(2015卷I64)Id skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the

39、 Li River _ are pictured by artists,引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是mountain tops and dark waters。,which/that,4.(2015卷II70)As natural architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.,在figure out(计算出)后应接宾语，又由the adobe walls needed to be可知，

40、应是宾语从句；修饰形容词thick(厚的)应当用副词how。故填how引导宾语从句，表示“精确地计算出土坯房的墙需要多厚”。,how,5.(2014卷I67)Maybe you are facing an impossible situation.Maybe you have a habit _ is driving your family crazy.,引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是a habit。,that/which,6.(2014样卷2)I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table _ I went to a

41、nswer the phone.But someone must have taken them because theyre gone.,前后是句子，应填关联词；由句意与逻辑可知，应填表示“当时”的when。,when,1.若并列的两个或几个单词、短语或句子之间没有连词，可根据前后部分是联合关系(and)、选择关系(or)还是转折关系(but)，填恰当的并列连词。2.当空格前后都是句子(一个主谓关系算一个句子)，且这两个句子之间没有关联词时,就填关联词。具体填哪个关联词，由两个或几个句子之间的逻辑关系来决定。要分清主句与从句，弄清从句在整个句子中作何种成分，确定从句类型。,(1)在整个句子中

42、作主语、宾语、表语、同位语就是名词性从句。(2)作定语叫定语从句。(3)表示时间、地点、原因、条件、结果等的从句叫状语从句。,3.还要考虑引导该类从句的关联词的使用特点。如：(1)引导定语从句的关联词一定是代表先行词并在从句中作句子成分的。(2)引导名词性从句的that没有任何意思，也不作任何句子成分,即句子结构和意思完整时填that;而if或whether有意思但不作句子成分;who,whom,which，when，where，how等则有意思也作句子成分。,在下列各句中的空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或所给词的正确形式，并说明理由。1.(2015广东卷)One day,the cow w

43、as eating grass _ it began to rain heavily.,因was/were doing sth.whendid(当某个动作正在进行时突然又发生另外一事)是固定句型。,when,2.(2014广东卷)our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week,_ for the week after.,因notbut(不是而是)是固定句型，句意为“我们的房间预订的不是那周，而是之后的那一周”。,but,3.(2013广东卷)Go to the village and buy some salt,but pay a fair price

44、for it:neither too much _too little.,因too much与too little显然是两个对等的并列短语，根据neithernor是固定搭配，故填nor。,nor,4.(2008广东卷)He was very tired after doing this for a whole day,_ he felt very happy since the crop did“grow”higher.,空格前后都是句子且这两句之间没有关联词，故应填关联词；又因后句的“he felt very happy”与前句的“He was very tired”是转折关系，故填but

45、。,but,5.(2015广东卷)When harvest came around,he was already selling herbs,vegetables and cotton in the market _ people from the towns met regularly.,引导定语从句并在从句中作地点状语，相当于in which(=and there)。,where,6.(2014广东卷)I didnt understand _ this would happen引导宾语从句，表示这件事发生的原因，故填why。7.(2014广东卷)The next day,my brothe

46、r and I went to the beach,_ we watched some people play volleyball.先行词是地点the beach且在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where(=on which=and on the beach=and there)引导定语从句。,why,where,8.(2013广东卷)Nicks guests,_ had heard their conversation,asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.,主句是“Nicks guests asked”；

47、显然，“Nicks guests”与“asked”之间是一个起补充说明作用的非限制性定语从句，先行词是人(Nicks guests)，并在定语从句中作主语，故填who。,who,9.(2012广东卷)_ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back,he was wrong.,因“he thought”与“he was wrong”是两个句子,且两者之间没有关联词，必定是填关联词;根据两句之间的逻辑关系，应填表示条件的If。句意为“要是他认为坐后排可以逃避(别人的)注意，那他就错了”。,If,10.(2012广东卷)Of

48、 course whenever they turned to look at him,they had to look at Mary,_ made her feel like a star.,引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子。,which,11.(2012广东卷)The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered _ the boy would do.,引导宾语从句并在从句中作do的宾语，故用连接代词what。,what,12.(2011广东卷)My fri

49、ends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me _ the bus arrived.,空格前后都是句子且这两个句子之间没有关联词，故应填关联词；由两句之间的逻辑关系可知，是“等到车来”，表示“直到”用until，引导时间状语从句。,until,13.(2011广东卷)Behind him were other people to _ he was trying to talk,空格前后都是句子且这两个句子之间没有关联词，故应填关联词；后面一句应当这样理解：he was trying to talk to the people,由此可见,后面一

50、句是定语从句，先行词是people,直接在介词后应用关系代词whom。,whom,14.(2010广东卷)He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder _ had been his teacher.,因空格前后都是句子，且这两个句子之间没有关联词，故一定是填关联词；由句意和逻辑可知，“这个长者是他的老师”，因此可判断出空格后这个句子是一个定语从句，先行词是an elder，从句中缺主语；替代先行词且在定语从句中作主语，应填who引导定语从句。,who,15.(2010广东卷)We und