常见典型正误辨析.ppt
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1、常见典型正误辨析,一、常见时态典型正误例析 1、如果他明天不能准时来,我们就不知道做什么。【误】If we wont come on time tomorrow,we wont know what to do.【正】If we doesnt come on time tomorrow,we wont know what to do.当主句是一般将来时,if引导的条件状语从句的谓语动词通常用一般现在时态代替一般将来时。2、爸爸进来的时候,我正在做作业。【误】I was doing my homework while my father came in.【正】I was doing my home
2、work when my father came in.,While 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,不能是终止性动词;而when 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词即可以是延续性动词,也可以是终止性动词。3、你是什么时候学游泳的?【误】When have you learned to swim?【正】When did you learn to swim?现在完成时强调过去的某一动作对现在造成的结果或影响;而一般过去时强调过去发生且现在已经结束的动作,它和现在没有直接关系。,4、这台电脑我已经买了三年了。【误】I have bought this computer for three
3、years.【正】I bought this computer three years ago.【正】I have had this computer for three years.【正】Its three years/Three years has passed since I bought this computer.英语中的动词有终止性动词和延续性动词之分。终止性动词的现在完成时的肯定式不能与表示“段”的时间状语连用。,常见的终止性动词与延续性动词的转换:,come-be here arrive in/arrive at/reach/get to-be in begin/start-b
4、e on become-be;borrow-keep buy-have die-be dead end/finish-be overget up-be up go/get out-be out fall asleep-be asleep等。,5、你去哪儿了?【误】Where have you gone?【正】Where have you been?have gone to some place表示某人在去某地的途中或者已经到达了某地;have been to some place表示某人到过某地,现在已回来了。,二、情态动词典型正误例析,1、在课堂上你应该仔细地听老师讲课【误】You shou
5、ld to listen to the teacher carefully in class.【正】You should listen to the teacher carefully in class.should 表示劝告、建议、意为“应该”。用于所有人称,和其他的情态动词一样,没有人称和数的变化,后接动词原形。2、我们必须现在打扫教室吗?不,不必。【误】Must we clean the classroom now?No,you mustnt.【正】Must we clean the classroom now?No,you neednt.,情态动词must用于一般疑问句时,否定回答通常
6、用No,neednt.3、为了赶上火车,我们现在就得动身。【误】In order to catch the train,we must have to set out now.【正】In order to catch the train,we must/have to set out now.must 和 have to 都有“必须”的意思,不能重复使用。4、这个人肯定不是老师。【误】The person mustnt be a teacher.【正】The person cant be a teacher.must 表示“推测、判断”时,一般只用在肯定句中,表示否定的“推测、判断”应用can
7、t。,5、由于生病,格林先生今天不能去上班了。【误】Mr Green cant be able to go to work today because of illness.【正】Mr Green cant/isnt able to go to work today because of illness.can 和be able to 都有“能够”的意思,不能重复使用。6、他们现在需要学习英语。【误】They need learn English now.【正】They need to learn English now need 用作情态动词时,只能用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,在肯定句中
8、need 只能用作实意动词,后面接动词不定式。,7、他必须马上离开吗?是的。【误】Need he be off right now?Yes,he need.【正】Need he be off right now?Yes,he must.need 作情态动词用于疑问句时,其肯定回答应该用Yes,must.。,三、反意疑问句典型正误例析,1、这台机器有毛病,是吗?【误】Something is wrong with the machine,isnt there?【正】Something is wrong with the machine,isnt it?当陈述句的主语是something,ever
9、ything,nothing等时,反义疑问句的主语用it。但当陈述部分的主语是someone,somebody,everyone,everybody等时,反义疑问句的主语常用they。如:Everyone is here,arent they?,2、汤姆能独自完成这项工作,是吗?【误】Tom can finish the work by himself,doesnt he?【正】Tom can finish the work by himself,cant he?如果陈述部分有系动词、情态动词或助动词,反义疑问句用与它相应的肯定或否定形式即可;如果没有,就要根据陈述部分的时态选择适当的助动词。
10、3、瓶子里几乎没有水,是吗?【误】There is little water in the bottle,isnt there?【正】There is little water in the bottle,is there?,当陈述部分是“there be”结构时,附加疑问部分用there作主语;当陈述部分含有never,few,little,nothing hardly等表示否定意义的词时,疑问部分须用肯定形式。4、打开窗户,好吗?【误】Open the window,dont you?【正】Open the window,will you?当陈述部分是祈使句时,附加疑问句部分用will y
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