中考冠词复习(精品课件).ppt

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1、中考总复习之,冠词,1.冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使 用，也没有词义，它用在名词 的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。,2.冠词分为不定冠词a(an)和定冠词the两种。,一.不定冠词的用法,注：l）表示数量有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强。如：I have a mouth,a nose and two eyes.2）第一次提到某人或某物，不定冠词起介绍作用。如：Yesterday I saw an old man.Hes Toms father.3)表示某个人或事物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：A boy was waiting for you.4）表示人或事物的某一类。如：Pass me an

2、 apple,please5）表示“每一”的意思，相当于every。如:Mr.Green goes to the cinema once a week,A 和An,l）特指某人或某物。如：The book on the desk is mine2）指双方都知道的人或事物。如：Where are the new books，Jim？3）指上文提到过的人或物。如：There is an old woman standing there.The old woman looked worried.4）用在世上独一无二的事物名词前。如：the sun,the sky,the earth,the worl

3、d,etc.,The定冠词,5）用在序数词和形容词最高级前。如：The third one is carrying the fewest of all.6）用在山脉、江河、海洋、岛等名词前。如：the Himalaya Mountains,the Yellow River,the Red Sea,the Taiwan Island,etc.7)用在某些建筑物名词前。如：the White House,the Great Hall of the People8)用在姓氏复数形式之前,表示“某某一家”或“某某夫妇”。如：the Greens,the Blacks,etc.9）用在乐器名词前。如：t

4、he piano,the violin,etc.,The,The,10）用在少数名词化的形容词前表示一类人或事物。如：the old,the poor,the blind,etc.11）用在表示方向位置的名词前。如：in the east,on the right,in the centre,etc.12）用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：the Peoples Republic of China,etc.13）用在某些习惯用语中。如：in the morning,by the way,look the same,etc.,1)名词前已有作定语的指示代词、物主代词或不定代词等限定词。如：Th

5、e letter is in her bag.I have some questions.2)专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词等不可数名词前。如：China，water，music,etc3）球类活动、学科名词、一日三餐前。如：We have English and math every day4)复数名词表示泛指。如：They are workers,零冠词（不用冠词）,5)节日、星期、月份、季节名称前。如：June 1 is Childrens Day6)表示颜色、语言、称呼语和官职、头衔的名词前。如：Headmaster Li came to Class One just now.7)某些固

6、定词组或习惯用语中。如：at night,go to school,by bus,etc.,零冠词（不用冠词）,定冠不定冠 意思差千万有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词，其意义有所不同。如：1)at table在吃饭；at the table在桌子旁2)in class在上课；in the class在班级中3)go to school去上学;go to the school到那所学校去4)go to bed上床睡觉;go to the bed到床那边去5)in front of在的前面;in the front of在的前部.,分析：a和an均用于单数可数名词之前，表示一类人或事物中的“任何”一个，

7、相当于汉语中的“一”，但不用于强调数目的概念。,不定冠词的用法,例1 Jacks father is _ doctor.A.a B.an C.some D./,例2 There is _“f”and _“u”in the word“four”.A.an,a B.a,a C.an,an D.a,an,分析：在名词前使用a或an要取决于该名词的读音。如果首字母的读音是元音因素，应用an；如果首字母的读音是辅音音素，应用a。,不定冠词的用法,1.a,e,i,o,u五个元音字母处于词首 时，未必都是元音音素，u发音 ju:或ju前面用冠词a，u读时 前面用冠词an。,不定冠词的用法,2.26个字母中以

8、开头为元音音素发音的 字母有：f ef,h eit,l el,n en,r a:,s es,x eks。There is an“R”in the word.This is a European country.European词首字母不发音，j是辅 音音素。This is a one-eyed dog.one w是辅音音素。,不定冠词的用法,例3-Why not take _ friend with you?-Thats _ good idea.A.a,a B.the,the C.a,the D.the,a,分析 使用不定冠词指某人或某物，但不具体说明是 何人或何物。,不定冠词的用法,例4 T

9、ake the medicine three times _ day.A.a B.the C.an D./,分析 使用不定冠词表示单位，fifty miles an hour意为“每小时50公里”，twice a week意为“每周两次”。,不定冠词的用法,例5.English is _language.It is _ important tool.A.a,a B.a,an C.the,an D.a,/,分析 a language意为“一种语言”。language 是可数名词。,不定冠词的用法,例6_ steel worker makes steel.A./B.A C.This D.That,

10、分析 a(an)放于单数的可数名词前表示“一类”。该句中 a steel worker是指钢铁工人们。表示一类有三种方式：A bike is slower than a car.The bike is slower than the car.Bikes are slower than cars.,不定冠词的用法,例7 Tom has _ high fever and his mother is looking after him.A.a B.the C.an D./,分析 表示生什么病前应用a,have a headache,have a cold。,不定冠词的用法,例8 Mary takes

11、 _ walk after supper every day.A.the B.a C./D.one,分析give,take,have与一些动词名词化的词连用，表示一次动作，名词前要加a。have a talk(bath,look);make a living(promise);take a swim(walk,rest)give a talk(whistle,smile),不定冠词的用法,例9 The old woman had_ fire in her room.A.the B./C.a D.this,分析抽象名词和物质名词的具体化时，该名词前要加a。It is a great joy to

12、 study at this college.This kind of wood can make into a good paper.He made a living by selling newspaper.,不定冠词的用法,例There is _bridge over the river._ bridge is made of stone.A.a,A B.a,The C.the,The D.the,A,分析 文章中第一次出现的可数名词前用a(an)。下次再出现此名词则用the。I have a little bird.The bird is yellow.,定冠词的用法,例 _ old

13、workers under that tree are from Shanghai.A.The B.An C.This D.That,分析 名词后有表示范围、地点的介词短语限定时，名词前应加the来表示特指。The boys here are interested in sports.,定冠词的用法,例3 _ first one sat down and the second stood up.A.The B.A C.One D.An,分析 序数词前表示顺序时前加the。Mary is the third to come in.,定冠词的用法,例Winter is _ coldest seas

14、on of the year.A.a B.the C./D.so,分析 形容词最高级前及Only修饰的名词前均要加 the。Mary is the only girl who is often late for class.,定冠词的用法,例_ moon moves around _ earth,and they both are smaller than _ sun.A.The,the,the B.A,an,a C.The,an,the D.The,the,a,分析 定冠词用于表示世界上独一无 二的物体名词前。,定冠词的用法,例We live in _ south of China.A.th

15、e B./C.a D.some,分析 表示东、南、西、北方的名词前要加the。The sun rises in the east.,定冠词的用法,例_ browns are watching TV at home at the moment.A./B.The C.Mr.D.A,分析 the放于姓氏的复数形式前时，表示一家人或一姓的夫妇二人。,定冠词的用法,例He will go to see you off at _ Railway Station.A.a B.an C.the D./,分析 the普通名词构成专有名词。the United Statesthe United Nationsth

16、e Peoples Republic of China,定冠词的用法,例I was playing _ piano at eight yesterday morning.A.a B./C.the D.this,分析 play乐器表示弹奏时，该乐器名词前加 the。Alice likes to play the violin while Kate likes to play the flute.表示数量时可用a。This is a new piano against the wall.,定冠词的用法,例10 Our teacher gets up early in _ morning.A.the

17、 B./C.a D.an,分析 牢记一些含the的习惯用语，在句中用作时间状语。in the afternoon(evening)in the daytimeat the beginningin the end,定冠词的用法,例11 There is a large ship in _middle of the river.A.a B./C.the D.any,分析 牢记一些含the的习惯用语，在句中用作地点状语。on the right(left)/in the front ofin the middle of the meeting/the forest/at the foot of th

18、e hill,定冠词的用法,例12 Last night we went to _ cinema.A.the B.a C./D.those,分析 牢记一些固定搭配：go to the concert(theatre),定冠词的用法,例1 Paper is made of _ bamboo.A.a B.the C./D.that,分析 物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词。Wood can be made into chairs and tables.Iron is a kind of metal.,零冠词的用法,例 _ January is the first month of the year.

19、A.The B.A C./D.That,分析 表示节日、月份的名词前一般不加the。Spring is coming.He was born in December.如果表示有某年限定的季节和月份时，季节和月份前要加the。He was born in the Summer of 1964.,零冠词的用法,例We have no classes _ Sundays.A.the B.these C.D.those,分析 表示一周中七日的名称前一般不加冠词。,零冠词的用法,例I studies _English in_ England.A./,/B.an,the C.an,an D./,the,分

20、析 学科前和国名、洲名前一般不加冠词。learn Chinese(maths,physics,chemistry)China is in Asia.in Germany(Japan)in Africa(Europe),零冠词的用法,例They often take a walk in _ Hyde Park.A.the B.a C./D.this,分析 在一些专有名词（地名、节假日）之前不加冠词。Christmas Day New years EveNational Day Childrens DayTeachers Day Wall Street,零冠词的用法,例The thief was

21、thrown into _ prison.A.the B.a C.this D./,分析 表示某一概念，而不是某具体工作的部门时，名词前不加冠词。,零冠词的用法,例He doesnt have _ breakfast at home.A.a B.the C.this D./,分析 表示三餐的名词前不加冠词，如果前面有形容词修饰该词，表示“一顿的饭”，可加a。have a big supper(nice lunch),零冠词的用法,例We go to work by _ bus.A./B.a C.the D.one,分析 表示交通工具的手段时，用by名词表示，该名词前不用冠词。by bike(t

22、axi,car,train,plane,spaceship)或by sea(water,air,land)如果用介词in或on，名词前要加冠词或物主代词。,零冠词的用法,例_ running is good.A.The B.A C./D.An,分析 动名词前一般不用冠词。Walking on the moon is difficult.Seeing is believing.,零冠词的用法,例10 These boys play _ football after class.A.a B.the C.that D./,分析 球类、棋类、游戏名称前不加冠词。,零冠词的用法,例11 The stud

23、ents of _ Grade One are having a meeting.A.these B./C.a D.an,分析 名词数词表示顺序时，前面不加冠词the；序数词名词表示顺序数，序数词前加冠词the。turn to page3/the third pageLesson One/the first lessongate Five/the fifth Gate,零冠词的用法,例12 There is no _ book on the desk.A.the B.a C.an D./,分析 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或any和 no时，均不再用冠词。no books,

24、not a book,not any books,零冠词的用法,例13 He often works late at _ night.A./B.the C.a D.all,分析 表示时间或地点的一些介词名词的词组和一些固定词组中，均不加冠词。at home,in town,at noon,at daybreak,in trouble,in danger,in fact等。,零冠词的用法,例14 What does this word mean,_?A.my father B.Father C.father D.a father,分析家庭成员的称呼、称呼语或只一人担任的职务名词前不用冠词。He

25、is secretary of our lab.Mother is cooking while father is reading newspaper.father和mother大写时前不加物主代词，小写时前要加物主代词，如：my father,his mother。,零冠词的用法,注意：有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词，其意义有所不同。如：1)at table 在吃饭 at the table 在桌子旁2)in class 在上课 in the class 在班级中,3)go to school 去上学 go to the school 到那所学校去4)go to bed 上床睡觉 go to t

26、he bed 到床那边去5)in front of 在的前面 in the front of 在的前部,sit at table吃饭 sit at the table在桌子旁 be in charge of 负责 be in the charge of 由负责 by day 在白天 by the day 按日 take place 发生 take the place of 代替 in possession of 拥有持有 in the possession of某人所占有,in place of 代替In the place of 在 的地方be of age 成年be of an age 同

27、龄take advice 征求意见take the advice 听从劝告It is out of question 那是毫无疑问的 beyond questionIt is out of the question 那是根本不可能的 in sight of 能看见 in the sight of 据 的见解,for a moment一会儿 go to sea 去当水手for the moment(暂时）go to the sea 去海边 two of us我们中的两个 by sea 乘船 the two of us特指我们两个 by the sea在海边 on earth在世上,究竟 on t

28、he earth在地球上 a number of 许多 the number of的数字 in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院,1.表示一类人或事物中的“任何”一个，相当于汉语中“一”，但不用于强调数目的概念。2.指某人或某物，但不具体说明 是何人或何物。3.表示单位4.表示“一类”,不定冠词的用法,summary,1.文章中第一次出现的可数名词前 用a(an)。下次再出现此名词时。2.名词后有表示范围、地点的介词 短语限定时3.序数词前表示顺序时4.形容词最高级前及only修饰的名词 前。5.定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的 物体名词前。,定冠词的用法,6.表示

29、东、南、西、北方的名词前7.姓氏的复数形式前时,表示一家人 或一姓的夫妇二人8.the普通名词构成专有名词。9.play乐器表示弹奏时，该乐器名 词前加 the。10.the形容词（形容词名词化）表示一类人或事物11.定冠词the用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛名称的前面,1.物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词2.表示节日、月份的名词前一般不加the3.表示一周中七日的名称前一般不加冠词4.学科前和国名、洲名前一般不加冠词5.在一些专有名词（地名、节假日）之前不加冠词6.表示某一概念，而不是某具体工作的 部门时，名词前不加冠词7.表示三餐的名词前不加冠词,不用冠词的场合,8.表示交通工具的手段时

30、，用by名词表 示，该名词前不用冠词。9.动名词前一般不用冠词。10.球类、棋类、游戏名称前不加冠词。11.名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代 词、名词所有格或any和 no时，均不再 用冠词12.表示时间或地点的一些介词名词的词 组和一些固定词组中，均不加冠词13.家庭成员的称呼、称呼语或只一人担任 的职务名词前不用冠词,中考考什么？,（2008年湖北省孝感市）People often go skating in _ winter.A.B.a C.an D.the,A,（2008年天津市）Jack enjoys watching TV,while Tom is interested in l

31、istening to_ music.A.theB./C.a D.an,B,(2008年广东省汕头市)_ youngest leader in China is man called Lu Hao AThe；a BA；the CA；a DAn；all,A,He is _ strongest pupil in our class.A.a B.an C.the2.Hell come back in _ hour.A.a B.an C.the3.She has _ egg and some milk every morning.A.a B.an C.the4.Alice likes to go _

32、shopping with her friends.A./B.a C.the5.Tom is playing _ football,and Lily is playing _ piano.A./,/B.the,/C./,the6._ sun is bigger than _ moon.A.The,the B./,/C.The,/,Try out,7 _ elephant is _ useful animal.A An an B An a C The an8 His aunt will be back in _ hour.A a B an C the9 I have _ important me

33、eting to attend.A a B an C the 10 She is too tired,so she wants to have_ rest.A a B an C the 11 Foshan is a beautiful city.Ill come here _second time.A a B the C an,B,B,B,A,A,课堂达标,1 Mr.Wang bought _ house._ house is not far from the lake.A a An B the The C a The2 Would you please pass me _sugar on t

34、he table?A a B the C an 3 _earth we live on is bigger than _ moon.A The,a B The,the C A,the4 _ Blacks are going to the parkthis Sunday.Why dont we go for _ walk?A A,a B The,a C The,the,C,B,B,B,1._ useful book 2._ Beijing 3._ Class 12 Grade 3 4.have _ lunch 5.have _ big lunch6.in _ morning 7.in _ cold morning8._ Mr Li 9._ university10._ umbrella 11._ hour12._ engineer 13._ fourth street14._ day before yesterday15.play _ chess play _ golf16._ few _ little17.by _ time go to _ cinema18.at _ breakfast at _home,a,/,/,/,a,the,a,/,a,an,an,an,the,the,/,/,a,a,the,the,/,/,