新目标英语九年级Unit+6+英语被动语态.ppt

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1、英语被动语态,英语的语态：主动语态和被动语态,语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。如：He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）,需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。The room hasnt been cleaned yet.,什么时候要用被动语态

2、呢,不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。Football is played all over the world,没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动语态。The bridge was built last year.,当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如：The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。,汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等客观的说明时。例如：It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house.It was reported that her mother died

3、 of SARS.It is well known that 众所周知 It is supposed that 据推测说,汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：Tina is asked to come by PaulTina是被Paul叫来的。,某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：He was born in October，1989,助动词be动词过去分词(根据句子的主语和时态，助动词be的变化是通过人称、数和时态的变化表现出来的，疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。有am,is,are,was,were,been几个形式变化。),被动语态的谓语构成,各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表,主动语

4、态变被动语态解题步骤:,1.找宾语-即动作的承受者,They make shoes in that factory.,Shoes,2.判断宾语的单复数-即be动词的单复数.,arewere,3.判断动词的时态-即be动词的时态.,4.修改谓语的时态-即原句动词改为过去分词,made,5.修改原句的主语-即by+主语/宾语.,by them.,主动句中谓语动词的发出者由by引出，作为by的宾语，也可以省略。请看以下主动语态和被动语态结构的转换：主动语态:主语谓语宾语被动语态:例：We clean our classroom every day.（主动）注意把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能

5、变。如上 例，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也 要用一般现在时。如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词 by的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语we改为us。,主语,by+宾语,be+过去分词,Our classroom,is cleaned,by us,every day,（被动）,各种时态的被动语态,1.They make shoes in that factory.,Shoes are made(by them)in that factory.,S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词,一般现在时被动语态,He rides the motorbike to his f

6、actory every day.,The motorbike is ridden to his factory every day.,We call the snowman Mr.Strong.,The snowman is called Mr.Strong.,We usually hear him play in the next room.,He is usually heard to play in the next room.,Present tense(am/is are+done),1.Li Ming drives the bus through the city.The bus

7、 _ _by Li Ming through the city.2.They look after the children well.The children _well _ _by them.3.The policeman stops us at the station.We _ _by the policeman at the station.4.His father tells them a story every day.They _ _a story every day.5.They sell fruit every day.Fruit _ _by _every day.,is d

8、riven,are looked after,are stopped,are told,is sold them,The bank was robbed yesterday.,A man-made satellite was sent up into space last year.,The shoes were sold out yesterday.The shoes were not sold out yesterday.Were the shoes sold out yesterday?Yes,they were.No,they werent.,被动语态的构成：be+vt.p.p.,一般

9、过去时 waswere+v.p.p.,一般过去时被动语态,He bought his friend some fruits yesterday.,His friend was bought some fruits yesterday.,Some fruits were bought for his friend yesterday.,Past tense(was/were+done),1.Li Ming drove the bus through the city.The bus _ _by Li Ming through the city.2.They looked after the ch

10、ildren well.The children _well_ _by them.3.The policeman stopped us at the station.We_ _by the policeman at the station.,was driven,were looked after,were stopped,This watch can be repaired in two days.Your book may be taken away.These trees should be planted at once.,情态动词 aux.v.(mustcancouldmay)+be

11、+v.p.p.,被动语态的构成：be+vt.p.p,This watch can be repaired in two days.This watch can not be repaired.Can this watch be repaired in two days?Yes,it can.No,it cant.,情态动词的被动语态,He can carry the basket easily.,The basket can be easily carried by him.,They can sing some beautiful songs.,Some beautiful songs ca

12、n be sung by them.,“We must put them in the fridge.”The dogs thought.,“They must be put in the fridge.”The dogs thought.,Exercises for Passive Voice(7),1.You must return the books to him at once.The books _ _ _to him at once.2.He can finish the work in two days.The work _ _ _ by _ in two days.3.We s

13、hould clean the machine every day.The machine _ _ _every day.4.They may fix the car in three days.The car_ _ _by _in three days.5.She will buy another bike soon.Another bike _ _ _by_soon.,must be returned,can be finished him,should be cleaned,may be fixed them,will be bought her,3.They will finish t

14、he work in ten days.,The work will be finished(by them)in ten days.,一般将来时被动语态,S+will+be+过去分词,They are going to have an evening party tomorrow.,An evening party is going to be had tomorrow.,Future tense with“be going to”be going to+be+done(10),1.He is going to write down the story.The story is going

15、to _ _ down by _.2.They are going to build the bridge.The bridge is going to _ _ by them.3.She was going to read the book.The book was going to _ _ by _4.His brother is going to speak English in class.English is going to _ _ by him in class.5.You are going to answer the phone from SH.The phone from

16、Shanghai is going to _ _ by you.,Some workers are painting the rooms now,The rooms are being painted by some workers now.,现在进行时被动语态,S+am/is/are+being+过去分词,They are holding a sports meeting now.,A sports meeting is being held(by them)now.,Some workers were painting the rooms at 10:00 yesterday,The ro

17、oms were being painted by some workers at 10:00 yesterday.,过去进行时被动语态,S+was/were+being+过去分词,We have made twenty more keys,Twenty more keys have been made by us.,现在完成时被动语态,S+have/has+been+过去分词,Workers have built the house since two years ago.,The house has been built since two years ago.,have(has)+bee

18、n+done,1.The doctor has saved many peoples lives.Many peoples lives _ _ _by the doctor.2.The dustmen havent collected the rubbish.The rubbish _ _ _ by the dustmen yet.3.They have sold out the magazines.The magazines_ _ _ _by _.4.Someone has just broken the glass.The glass _just _ _by someone.,have b

19、een saved,hasnt been collected,have been sold out,them,has been broken,We had made twenty more keys by the end of last week.,Twenty more keys had been made by us by the end of last week.,过去完成时被动语态,S+had+been+过去分词,We had received many letters by the end of last week.,Many letters had been received by

20、 the end of last week.,过去将来时被动语态,S+would+be+过去分词,They would have a party the next day.,A party would be had(by them)the next day.,They would have a party the next day.,A party would be had(by them)the next day.,四几种值得注意的被动语态变化,一些使役动词(let,have,make等)或感观动词(see,hear,watch,notice等)在动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为被

21、动语态时，要补上to。如：The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day.The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss.,I saw him enter the house.He was seen to enter the house by me.The teacher let them leave the classroom after class.They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class.We

22、hear her sing in the room every day.She is heard to sing in the room every day.注意当使用see/hear/watch sb doing sth时，变为被动语态时，doing保持不变。如：I saw him going into the shop.(主动)He was seen going into the shop.(被动),使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表,go,含有短语的被动语态结构。一般来说，只有及物动词才有被动语态，因为只有及物动词才有承受者。但许多不及物动词加上副词或介词构成动词短语也相当于及物动词的用

23、法，可以带宾语，因而也有被动语态。动词短语主要有三种：A 及物动词+副词 如：turn off、set up、carry out、put off、take away、turn on、hand in、move away、pass on、write down、put away、put on、take down、send away、try on、put down、sell out、hold on、try out、send up、take off、wear out、wake up、take out、dress up、give back、work out、get back、find out、pick u

24、p、give up、pull up、put up 等B 不及物动词+介词 如：look after talk about play with等,C.“动词+名词+介词”构成的短语。如：take care of、pay attention to、make use of等动词短语是不可分割的整体，在变被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的副词或介词。请看下面的例子：They set up the factory in 2000.The factory was set up in 2000.Our school will put off the School Sports meeting until D

25、ecember.The School Sports meeting will be put off until December.People have talked about the accident.The accident has been talked about.You should pay more attention to your study this year.Your study should be paid more attention to this year.带有介词或副词的动词短语，在改为被动语态时，不能把介词或副词拆开。,带有双宾语的被动结构在句中的使用。有些动

26、词可以带两个宾语，即指人的间宾和指物的直宾。可以将其中一个宾语提到前面做主语，另一个留在后面。A.Her parents bought her a new computer yesterday.She was bought a new computer yesterday.A new computer was bought for her yesterday.B.They have given me some good advice.I have been given some good advice.Some good advice has been given to me.C.She wi

27、ll write a long letter to David Smith.A long letter will be written to David Smith.David Smith will be written a long letter.,buy sth for sb,give sth to sb,带双宾语的动词主要有以下几个：,give,buy,sell,take,bring,make,hand,pass,keep,send等带双宾语的动词，改为被动语态，当用直接宾语作主语时，要根据动词的习惯配搭、要在间接宾语前补上介词to或for.它们的句型主要有以下几个：give sth t

28、o sb=give sb sthbuy sth for sb=buy sb sthsell sth to sb=sell sb sthtake sth to sb=take sb sthbring sth to sb=bring sb sthmake sth for sb=make sb sthhand sth to sb=hand sb sthpass sth to sb=pass sb sthkeep sth for sb=keep sb sthsend sth to sb=send sb sth 例：He passed me some paper.(主动)Some paper was p

29、assed to me by him.（被动）You must keep some fruit for him.(主动)Some fruit must be kept for him.（被动）,1).不及物动词没有被动语态。,如：belong,happen,take place,last,come true,remain,succeed,fall,die,arrive,等。,*Great changes have taken place in this city.,*That bike doesnt belong to Mike.,不用被动语态的几种情况：,不用被动语态的几种情况：,2)表示静

30、态的及物动词不用被动语态,have/fit,I have a TV set.,The coat fits me well.,3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。【正】Look at the blackboard，please【误】The blackboard is looked at by you,不用被动语态的几种情况：,4)系动词没有被动态和进行时态,这鱼味道很好。,这条围巾摸上去很软。,The fish tastes good.,The scarf feels soft.,5)反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。【正】You must look after yourself【误】Yourse

31、lf must be looked after,6)某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。,这书很好卖。,这种布很好洗。,The book sells well.,This kind of cloth washes very well.,这书卖完了。,The book is sold out.,The watch needs mending.,=The watch needs to be mended.,=We need to mend the watch.,这块表需要修理一下。,把下列主动句改为被动句,1.The boy cleaned the desk a moment ago.The d

32、esk was cleaned by the boy a moment ago.2.We will plant 2000 trees next year.2000 trees will be planted by us next year.3.You must keep the room clean and tidy.The room must be kept clean and tidy by you.4.The police have caught the thief.The thief has been caught by the police.5.The farmers are cut

33、ting down the trees on the hill.The trees on the hill are being cut down by the farmers.,Fill in the blanks1.He _(buy)a dictionary last Sunday.But this dictionary _(not buy)by him.2.The League _(found)in 1922.3.Look!That child _(sing)this song.And it _(sing)by many children,too.4.They _(mend)10 desk

34、s already.5.He is very ill.Hed better _(take)to the hospital.6.It_(snow)hard now and the ground _(cover)with snow soon.,bought,wasnt bought,was founded,is singing,is sung,have mended,be taken,is snowing,will be covered,7.Yesterday I _(make)one kite.The other two _(make)by Kate.8.She was seen _(help)

35、that old man.9.We _(do)homework every day and it must _（do)carefully.10.There are four boys _(plant)trees in the park and there are 10 more trees _(plant).,to be planted,planting,be done,do,made,were made,to help,1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students cle

36、an the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.,are used,are,cleaned,(变被动语态）,七嘴八舌,3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.,The ticket was found,was told,3.We fou

37、nd the ticket on the floor.,5.His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them.,was made to have,can be,used,7.Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Mu

38、st we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?,Were many trees planted,Must be finished,9.The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1)_ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2)Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.,we were given,were,given to us,10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn

39、 on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work.Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.,was asked,is done,12.He can mend the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.,can be mended,must be,

40、taken,14.The students in this school study German.German _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_ this question often _ about _ _?,is studied,Is,talked,by them,1Stamps_by people for sending letters.A.use B.using C.used D.are used.2.Must old people_to politely?A.

41、speak B.spoken C.be spoke D.be spoken3.Bike mustnt_everywhere.A.be up B.be put C.put C.putting4.The woman fell off the bike and _on the road.A.lay B.was lain C.lied D.has lain,D,D,B,A,5.The old man and the children_in our country.A.must take good care.B.must be take good care ofC.must take good care

42、 of Dmust be taken good care of 6.All trees must_well when it is dry.A.be water B.watering C.water D.be watered7._I think the shop_._No,its open.It_at six.close,close B closed,closedC.closed;closes D.is closed,closes,D,D,D,将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。1.We can finish the work in two days.The work _ _ _ in two d

43、ays.2.They produce silk in Suzhou.Silk _ _ in Suzhou.3.The children will sing an English song.An English song _ _ _ by the children.4.You neednt do it now.It _ _ _ by you now.5.Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week.A New Year Card _ _ _ me by Lucy last week.6.He made me do that for him.I _ _ _ _tha

44、t for him.7.I have given this book to the library.This book _ _ _ to the library.,can be finished,is produced,will be sung,neednt be done,was sent to,was made to do,has been given,1.Rice in the south of china.A grows B is grown C are grown D grew2.English by us every morning.A is B reads C are read

45、D is read 3.A car in1885.A were invented B was inventedC is invented D invented4.The shop last night.A is robbed B was robbed C are robbed D opened 5.The work must in two weeks.A be finish B be finished C finish D will finis,B,D,B,B,B,5.The work must in two weeks.A be finish B be finished C finish D

46、 will finish6.Those things may to the room.A move B moved C be moved D are moved7.Where the cars?A aremade B domakeC were made D is.made8.The train station in 1981.A is built B are built C was built D were built,B,C,C,C,1.The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1,1949.A.found B.was founded C.is f

47、ounded D.was found 2.English _ in Canada.A.speaks B.are spoken C.is speaking D.is spoken 3 This English song _ by the girls after class.A.often sings B.often sang C.is often sang D.is often sung4.This kind of car _ in Japan.A.makes B.made C.is making D.is made,5.New computers _ all over the world.A.

48、is used B.are using C.are used D.have used6.Our room must _ clean.A.keep B.be kept C.to be kept D.to keep 7.-Id like to buy that coat.-Im sorry._.A.it sold B.its selling C.Its been sold D.it had been sold8.A new house _ at the corner of the road.A.is building B.is being built C.been built D.be build

49、ing,9.The key _ on the table when I leave.A.was left B.will be left C.is left D.has been left10.Doctors _ in every part of the world.A.need B.are needing C.are needed D.will need11.His new book _ next month.A.will be published B.is publishing C.is being published D.has been published12.Japanese _ in

50、 every countryA.is not spoken B.are spoken C.is speaking D.is not speaking,13.These papers _ yet.A.have not written B.have not been written C.has not written D.has not been written14.The sports meet _ be held until next week.A.didnt B.wont C.isnt D.doesnt15.-My shoes are worn out.-_A.Cant they be me