最新人教版九年级上学期各单元知识汇编.doc
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1、九年级上学期各单元知识清单Unit 1 How can we become good learners?1. I study by working with a group. 我通过小组活动来学习。 by作为介词,用法很多。请仔细观察下面的例句,分析by的用法,然后补全结论部分所缺的内容。1. Come and sit by us. by可表示位置,“在.旁边”,或“从旁边(经过)”之意。2. Peter goes to work by bus every day.by可表示交通、传递方式译为:“乘、骑”等。3. Tony will come back by 10:00 pm. by可表示时间
2、,“到(某时)之前; 不迟于”,4. English is spoken by lots of people.by可用于构成被动语态,译为:“被, 由”5. My brother studies history by working with a group.by可表示借助某种方式或手段,常构成“ by+doing形式 ”。 【运用】根据提示,用含有by的短语完成各句。1)AnniewenttoBeijing_ (乘火车)yesterday.2)Hisgrandfathermadealiving_ (靠卖水果)inthepast.3)Thescientistshavetoarriveatthe
3、village_ (八月以前).4)Allengoes_ (经过邮局) on his way to school every morning.5)Thebookwaswritten_ (由几个工程师).2. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation?大声朗读来练习发音怎么样? aloud, loud和loudly:aloud 出声地; 大声地。常与read/ call等词连用, 不用于比较级。loud 大声地; 喧闹地。指说话声和笑声,常与talk/ speak/ laugh/ sing等词连用, 可用比级。loudly 高声地; 喧
4、闹地。可以和loud互换,含有“吵闹”的意思, 不悦耳。 1. Dont read in the library. 不要在图书馆大声朗读。2. We cant hear you. Please speak. 我们听不到你的声音, 请再大声点。3. People are talking in the room.人们正在屋子里大声交流。 3. Its too hard to understand spoken English. 该句句型为: Its+adj.+ (for sb.)+to do sth.“(对 某人来说)做某事是的”。试译: 1). 保持健康太重要了。 2). 学习两种语言对他来说很
5、难。 too . to do . 结构常表示“太而不能”, too后面接形容词或副词, to后面接动词原形。 如:1). 房间太脏了,不适合居住。 2). 他走的太慢了,没有按时到达。 将下面的句子翻译成英语。 1) 孩子们在那条河里游泳是危险的。 2) 晚饭后散步太有必要了。 3) 水太烫, 不能喝。 4. Why did Wei Fen find it difficult to learn English? 【find用法归纳】:find sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事 find it + adj. + to do sth. 发现做某事很find it + adj. to d
6、o sth.中的it是形式宾语, adj.做宾补, to do sth.是真正的宾语。同类的动词还有think, feel, consider等。1) I found it _(interest) to talk with my grandfather.2) I found it hard for me _ (improve) spoken English.5. But I was afraid to ask questions because of my poor pronunciation. 【afraid用法归纳】:be afraid of sth./doing sth. 害怕做某事(担
7、心出现某种不良后果)be afraid to do sth. 害怕去做某事(“怕” 或“不敢”去做某事) be afraid +that 恐怕(礼貌 地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗憾的事) 6. Then one day I watched an English movie called Toy Story. called=named 叫做,called Toy Story在此做后置定语. 【call用法归纳】:call sb (up).=telephone sb.=phone sb.=give sb. a call=ring sb. up 给某人打电话 call on sb. 拜访某人;cal
8、l on sb to do sth号召.做.;call out 大声呼喊;call at sp 拜访某地;call for 要求;需要I discovered that listening to something you are interested in is the secret to language learning.discover v. 发现; 发觉 指偶然或经过努力发现原来客观存在但不为人所知的事 e.g. Columbus America in 1492. 哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。 7. I also learned useful sentences like “Its
9、 a piece of cake” or “It serves you right.” a piece of cake和serves sb. right是英语中的两个习惯用语, 也可称作习语idiom(s)。同汉语中的成语类似, 习语是人们在长期的语言运用中约定俗成的一种固定表达方式, 其意思往往不是字面所表达的含义。a piece of cake表示事情非常简单、易于解决, 相当于汉语的“小 菜一碟; 小事一桩”; serves sb. right则相当于汉语说某人“活该”。8. But because I wanted to understand the story, I looked t
10、hem up in a dictionary.look up (在词典、参考书中)查阅; 抬头看【look用法归纳】:look after 照顾 look like 看起来像 look out 当心, 小心往外看 look through 浏览;翻看 look for 寻找 look forward to (doing sth) 期待 look around 向四周看 have/take a look (at) 看一看 look over 检查 动名词: 它是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。 基本形式: V-ing 作用: 动名词具有名词的性质,在句中可 以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
11、 动名词的基本用法 1. 用作主语:所表动作比较抽象,或者泛指习惯性的动作。e.g. Playing with fire is dangerous. 注意:动名词做主语,有时先用it作形式主语,把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。 1) It is no use/ good / useless + doing 2) It is a waste of time + doing 3) It is fun + doing 在以上结构中常用动名词作主语。 e.g. Its no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水难收) It is fun playing with
12、children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 2. 用作宾语 1)作动词的宾语,常见动词有:practice, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, depend on, think about, succeed in, worry about, be used to, get used to, look forward to, pay attention to等。 e.g. How do you practice speaking? I have to finish reading a b
13、ook and give a report. 2) 作介词的宾语 1. I learn English by doing grammar exercises. 2. Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 3. He was late again because of getting up late. 4. Lock the doors and windows before going out. 5. What/How about the two of us playing games? 活学活用1. She cant help
14、_(cry) after _ (hear) the bad news. 2. Do you feel like _(have) a break? 3) 既可接动名词又可接不定式的常用动词有:remember, forget, regret, mean, try等,但表达的意义不同。 e.g. I remember seeing her at the hotel. 我记得在宾馆见过她。(动作发生了) I will remember to see her at the hotel. 我记着要去宾馆见她。(动作尚未发生) remember/forget/ regret to do 动作尚未发生; r
15、emember/forget/ regret doing动作已经发生 try to do 设法、努力去做,尽力; try doing 试试去做(看有何结果) mean to do 打算做(主语一般是人; mean doing意味着(主语一般是物) regret to do 对将要做的事抱歉; regret doing 对已经发生的事感到后悔 stop to do停下去做另外一件事; stop doing停止做手头的事情3. 作表语:动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。 e.g. Yo
16、ur task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。 (Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.) 4. 动名词的被动语态:being done.eg. (被表扬)made him so happy. 5. 动名词的否定形式是:not doing.eg. (没完成作业)will be blamed by the teacher. 6. 动名词的复合结构
17、:动名词的逻辑主语动名词动名词的复合结构: ones/sb doing sth. ones/sb 称为 动名词的逻辑主语。 1). Would you mind (我开窗户吗)? 2). I cant understand (Jack离开他的妻子)9. Icantalways understandspokenEnglish.speak spokespokenv. 部分动词的过去分词也可做该词的形容词:spoken口语的 broken坏掉的 written写作的10. Idontknowhowtoincreasemyreadingspeed. “疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语【注意】whattodo
18、后不需要跟宾语howtodo后必须跟宾语 【拓展】“疑问词+动词不定式”结构: know,tell,wonder, ask, find out,learn +what,which,when,where, how +动词不定式(todo)11. Ioften makemistakesin grammar. (1)makemistakes犯错 makemistakesin 在某方面犯错 (2)mistake for把误认为(3)bymistake错误地12. Maybeyoushouldjoin anEnglishclub. 【解析】 join/joinin/takepartin (1)join=
19、beamemberof参加, 指加入某种 织,并成为其中的一员。jointhearmy/party入伍/党 jointheclub加入俱乐部 joinin后接活动名称 joinsb.加入到某个人群之中 (2)takepartin参加,指加入群体活动中并在活动中发挥重要作用。13. But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits. 1) 此句中whether or not you can do it well是从句作整个句子的主语, 叫作“主语从句”。又如: isnt so important. Wh
20、ats important is the experience you gained. 是否做对不那么重要,重要的是你收获的经验。 2) whether or not 相当于whether, 表示“是否”,常出现在宾语从句,主语从句中。也可把whether和or not分开,or not放到句尾。例如: I cant tell whether or not the teacher likes me. = 14. It is also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time. 若形容词表示事物特征的,如:easy,hard, d
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