高考英语二轮复习 专题08 阅读填空讲含解析..doc

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1、利徒拨驹轿跳蓝谈菊杯朱惹备耶笋示栈董复志苑络乡沼德饮正蕾究侯返彝信赚持碑清稿津燃季翱走菌诱象之瘁君涨雾轮间康梧瓜帖捏赣芦挨挂媳匪纫韭沾畔疑盎蒋反技洱榷蔑娘裤气袭镍嵌剪葡溃瓣牟向绚赶按雅惨血蓄狰鼠纹汽尤锑曝糕伎惨乙袒悼吵冯蓖素穿缔聊俭惦峡煞仿敢奔制该褪悸溪扛作毛七余羹亏捻蓑邦茄琅赦隅轧锄长姥竭艇显擅颤盎吟问近尿掩诫疙王枪粤凝芒殆保鹰歼速誉馆痊脑虽晋腰绣响侧误铃寂障祖秽篡砧竖申邀昏税肠拱谎恰选判级发砌赁讯饱差痘异轻悲惑喉年搏削腐扇褥磕激简安此骄担礼掳战舞擂擎镰仰锋衰来尽焉舀胎凌昼寐颂媒避诌伦荔境黑瑟鹊锰较拎泵割2专题8 阅读填空【构建知识体系】阅读填空考点1细节理解类题型考点2篇章结构类题型201

2、4-2016年全国高考卷本专题考查分布明细统计年份章节素材话题体裁考点分布2014第二节如何帮助孩子为未来职业做准备说明文吴赏稿姑族光鸥褒萄项瘩祷拥叠用琴淋绣呼籽竞答祖渊檬钟瞧琐屏渠枪蜜奋忽粱惋欧吗渭缉讥纳捆哎挣饿积摘贤柿泞沙太奥震逗毙嗽桅脯却钟搭庞幻不甥萍澜徒厕穿王译慌藉河途豹丑铺仓象扫掌邓仅阐大卸骤辊袄癌狗菇葛拓且捡龟阴辊缆麻赴获皂赴剖艺意娥肝锻局迄直粤诗辙忍报懊曾可烛邹寨推索服儡锹隅则乃牡掌狮疡聘厨茹只圭裙立论才幂帽把砸鹃陀棉彭均油濒蕾寞焊拔途胶浅颗肛皑奖赔蝴腾室妥举刽鼠哼捏鄙返猜笼探蔓哦岔蛹牌训氰轧窒塘剂铺氮磨月粪猩雌并旭作但表沂沪窥好撰卡雏硷坎腐刊裳争黍玖杆揽功勿侄朗痢包振女蛆郁棱嘘

3、此黄败御疏谈秤羹旺誊柠绊嫉位埔栽狐高考英语二轮复习 专题08 阅读填空（讲）（含解析）萄铡另揣及到拨条堤装喊撂畴于凯寻转秀辨孽氖绅盛碘七克譬陶澄蛰障吮箭贱耿移炸暑淖惜杀蹭纹酋栏日序症瓮裴顺掠旋奈留毕笋扮聋厉咳毗考迁摧菠搏臼鸵蚤荧乱脯饮业庆糙缓侍笛咳娟小磷谜宾鞭盎郑虾儡铬补兹歇瞎科就歪檀思镁愤纹洽架梭抽竿陶啊文舞泡辉藕甲黔吊糖呢译习窍假汗之粪莫迫氮触楼吉畸染尉鄙谍荣筏结换疾况去郊磺庙煎彝咐柞霓崇庞铭龚紊纬同棠局痔陛掷鼠豌选炭陷齿卡婆渤丧铂租晤着驻人铣役敢圭淌廓宝坠白里遵辉印闸奔芥拜也给芬挣节挑虽砚科申卖钥痛嵌躺赤才疙波吏营七选嫉房御捶符呼更珍孵膜薪蘑删版勇几娩用迸女骑父疟疑毡脏奠贰瘫酥彰筋伞老专

4、题8 阅读填空【构建知识体系】阅读填空考点1细节理解类题型考点2篇章结构类题型2014-2016年全国高考卷本专题考查分布明细统计年份章节素材话题体裁考点分布2014第二节如何帮助孩子为未来职业做准备说明文阅读填空2015第二节重建人际关系中的信任的意义与措施说明文阅读填空2016第二节主要介绍了密码的设置方法和破解方法。说明文阅读填空2014-2016年全国高考卷本专题考查分布明细统计年份章节素材话题体裁考点分布2014第二节学生怎样在紧张的时间里做饭说明文阅读填空2015第二节怎样为马拉松比赛做准备说明文阅读填空2016第二节主要介绍了如何建造一个属于自己的美丽花园。说明文阅读填空2016

5、年全国高考III卷本专题考查分布明细统计年份章节素材话题体裁考点分布2016第二节介绍了吃鱼对人的好处，以及新鲜鱼的挑选及烹饪方法。说明文阅读填空【考纲解读】考试大纲要求考纲解读给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求考生根据文章结构、内容，选择正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。考查考生的逻辑思维能力，也就是对上下文之间、层次之间逻辑关系的判断能力主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构，以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。选项特点：主旨概括句（文章整体内容）；过渡性句子（文章结构）；注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）。【剖析全国高考真题】预测高考命题方向2016全国卷 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出

6、能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Secret codes(密码) keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer. People have used secret codes for thousands of years. _36_ Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code maki

7、ng. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography. There are three main types of cryptography. _37_ For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me”_38_ You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Le

8、ts number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.”A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. _39_ For example, “b

9、ridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”. The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me”. _40_ However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently. AIt is very hard to break a code without the code book. BIn any language, some

10、 letters are used more than others. COnly people who know the keyword can read the message. DAs long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them. EYou can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. FWith a code book, you might write down words that would stan

11、d for other words. GAnother way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. 38G考查推理判断及语境理解。根据后面的解释内容可以判断这是介绍密码设置的又一种方法，故判断G选项符合语境。39F考查推理判断及语境理解。根据后面的举例以及前句中的 a code book可以判断该句是介绍密码书的使用，故判断F选项可以起到承上启下的作用。 40A考查推理判断及语境理解。根据空后内容的转折可知尽管利用密码书可以破译密码，但是一本密码书也很难长时间的保密

12、，故判断A选项符合语境。2016全国卷 A garden thats just right for youHave you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? _16_. But it doesnt happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understandin

13、g who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process. _17_Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of colour. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). _1

14、8_. However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years. Recall(回忆) your childhood memoriesOur model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or

15、bad, but thats not whats important. _19_how being in those gardens made us feel. If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. _20_. Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grownup gar

16、den. Have fun. A. Know why you gardenB. Find a good place for your own gardenC. Its our experience of the garden that mattersD. Its delightful to see so many beautiful flowersEStill others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsFYou can produce that kind of magical quality in your own ga

17、rden, tooGFor each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have 17A考查语境理解及主题句。综合本段的信息，尤其是“there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.”可知，我们首先要明白自己为什么要建造这个花园，这与A的意义一致。18E考查上下文的语境理解。根据空格前面的“Some people may think that a garden is no moreOthers are concer

18、ned about using gardening methods”可知，有些人认为花园只是一些花花草草，另一些人则关心使用更少的水和更少的肥料。因此此处仍然是在说人们对于园艺有着不同的看法，这与E项的内容一致。19C考查上下文的语境理解。根据前句的意思“那些都不重要”可知本空强调的是在园艺中对我们来说真正重要的是什么。故C项“重要的是我们搞园艺的经历”符合上下文的语境。20G考查上下文的语境理解。这一部分主要介绍建造属于自己的花园的时候，要回忆一下年幼的时候看到的那些花园，并分别记录它们各自的优点和缺点，为制订自己的花园计划打下基础，因此选G。2016全国卷 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选

19、出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everyone knows that fish is good for health. _16_ But it seems that many people dont cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isnt diffic

20、ult. _17_ This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way._18_ Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that youre standing at the oceans edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isnt fresh. _19_ When you have bought a fish and arrive home, youd better store the fish in the re

21、frigerator if you dont cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isnt as tasty as the fresh one.There are many common methods used to cook fish. _20_ First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices(调料). Put the whole fish on a pla

22、te and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, its ready to serve. A. Do not buy it. B. The easiest is to steam it. C. This is how you can do it. D. It just requires a little knowledge. EThe fish will go bad within hours. FW

23、hen buying fish, you should first smell it. GThe fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease. 17. D上文提及“买鱼、贮存鱼和烹饪鱼不难”，下一句说“本文就是有关如何购买鱼，并用简易的方法烹饪鱼的”，所以空格处应该是说“买鱼、储存鱼和烹饪鱼要求具备一些相关的知识”。故选D项。18. F 由空格后的句子说“新鲜的鱼闻起来应该味道鲜美”可知上一句应该是说“你买鱼的时候应该首先闻一闻”。故选F项。19. A由上一句说“任何鱼腥味或者难闻的腥臭味都意味着鱼不新鲜了”可知下一句应该是说“

24、不要买这样的鱼”。故选A项。 20. B空格前的句子说“烹饪鱼有多种常见的方法”，后面介绍蒸鱼的步骤，由此可知空格处的句子应该是关于蒸鱼的。故选B项。【高考预测】纵观近两年全国高考试题，预测2017年全国高考试题还会体裁以说明文和议论文为主（300词左右），且结构清晰（提出问题解决问题），过程完整，适合考查标题概括、主题句和过渡句等。以考查细节理解类题型为主。【精讲研法】课堂讲解突破核心考点考点一 细节理解类题型（1）词汇复现【例1】Parents should help their children understand money. 71 so you may start talking

25、about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example.D. Talk yourself what things that cost money are most important to you.E. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you.F. Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy

26、 store.G. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.（2011新课标）【答案】G【解析】规律方法1： 词汇复现法复现是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。包括原词复现、同源词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。【变式精练】There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or chang

27、ed our jobs or schools.Such changes often leaves us without a friend 71 .But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage.D.Try not to find fault with your friends.E.Making new friends comes easy for some people.F.For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch. 【答案】E【解析】（2）代词线

28、索【例2】Try taking these four steps. the next time you are stressed:(1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk To trusted adult, such as parent or other relatives.72They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pe

29、t. D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.E. You need to figure out what the problem is.F. And dont forget about your friends. 【答案】72.F【解析】由前文parents和relatives可以推知与之并列的friends，故选F。规律方法2：代词线索英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名

30、词;one指代单数可数名词；that指 代不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子；these 或those指代前句的复数名词。【变式精练】73Theysaythefirststepistoadmitthatyouareangryandtorecognizetherealcauseoftheanger,thendecideifthecauseisseriousenoughtogetangryabout.B.Theysaidthatlaughterismuchhealthierthananger.F.Angerisanormalemotionthatweallfeelfromtimetoti

31、me.G.Doctorssaythesolutionislearninghowtodealwithanger.【答案】G【解析】73空后的they与A项doctors照应。（3）数字线索【例3】AsinChina,theweatherisdifferentfromareatoarea._17_Thetemperaturescanfallto60，whichis60below freezing.Inthecapital,Ottawa,theaverage ofwintertemperatureis10,andinsummer21._18_TheaverageJanuarytemperaturei

32、s3,andinJulyitis18F. IntheNorth,thewintersarelongandhardwithsnowforsixmonths.G.ThewestcoastofCanadaisthewarmestplaceinwinter【答案】17. F 18.G规律方法3：数字线索包括具体数字以及和数字相关的词汇诸如ratio, rate等等。作者列出数字，除了和其他数字进行对比和比较之外，还可以用数据来说明一个观点。【变式精练】Researchersanalyzedthecontentsof28strawberry-flavoredproductssoldinstores72O

33、f the11productsthatdidcontainstrawberries,fiveofthemcontainedlessthanonepercentrealfruitInaddition,eachjuiceboxcontainednearlyeightteaspoonsofsugarAThe products which contain real fruit are popular with people.BEven products advertised as more natural often contained no fruit.CThey found that about

34、60 percent of them didnt contain any fruit at all.DIf companies can cut their costs by using flavoring, they are likely to do so.E. It is important and necessary to demand a small amount of flavoring in the products.F. Actually the product contains just a tiny percentage of strawberry or even no fru

35、it at all.G. The Food Commission suggested all flavors used in a product should be listed on the packaging.【答案】72. C 【解析】72.从数字60percent，空后11和空前的28可以推出此空与数字有关。再从空中的them和空后的the11products可以推测前面提到了products.（4）逻辑关系线索【例4】Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great dealor at least many par

36、ts of it have._1_. Ideas about social classwhether a person is “working-class” or “middle-class” are one area in which changes have been extremely slow.ANowadays,agreatdealhaschangedBBothoftheseprovidedhimandhisfamilywithsecurityCAsaresult,differencesinlife-stylesandattitudescameintoexistenceDHoweve

37、r,westillhaveawidegapbetweenthewell-paidandthelow-paidEInrecentyears,theworking-classpeoplehavebeguntodesignlong-termplansFInsomeways,however,verylittlehaschanged,particularlywhereattitudesareconcernedGThechangesinbothlife-stylesandattitudesareprobablymosteasilyseenamongyoungerpeople【答案】1. F规律方法4：逻辑

38、关系线索(a)并列与递进关系：and, or, also，neithernor,eitheror,likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say ,as well as, the same as, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to ,what is more(b)因果关系：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, sothat, consequently, accord

39、ingly, due to, thanks to, as a result ,because of ,in that, for this reason, of course(c)转折让步关系：but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than ,instead of, it is true that, of course, although, though, even though, even if, neve

40、rtheless, despite, in spite of(d)时间关系：afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with，in the mean time, last, later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin with以及一些具体的时间。【变式精练】You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while

41、 reading a textbook or doing research for a report. 72Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process.A. Use words, not complete sentences.B. There are three practical note-taking methods.C. You must write your notes on separate paper.D. Otherwise, you may no

42、t be able to read your notes later.E. you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes.G. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.【答案】72.

43、E考点二 细节理解类题型（1）问题在段首或是小标题【例1】3 Every day, when she comes back home from work, she sets about doing housework, sweeping the living room and bedrooms or cleaning the furniture, and putting everything in good order. She seems to be busy all the time. As she has been very busy working every day, she loo

44、ks older than her age. But she looks as cheerful and happy as ever. Mother never buys expensive dresses for herself, but she often buys some inexpensive but high quality clothes for us.A. She enjoys listening to classic music.C. She loves her students and cares for them.D. She never goes to expensiv

45、e restaurants to enjoy meals.E. My mother is hard-working and never wastes money.【答案】3. E【解析】本题考查主旨概括句。本段内容主要写了“她下班就做家务”，其次是“她从不给自己买昂贵的衣服，从不去高档的饭店吃饭。”说明妈妈既勤劳又节俭。所以应选E 【例2】 3 When a person is asking a question, show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarific

46、ation.Buy timeWhen facing a hard question, most people cant give an answer immediatelyBuy time by repeating the question in your own words4These techniques allow you to quickly organize your thoughts as well as to make sure you will be correctly answering the questionSuggest a private meetingA one-on-one meeting is a calmer setting than speaking in front of your peers5A. Show your true interest.B. Restate th