名师伴你行系列高考英语人教一轮复习配套语法专题学案定 语 从 句22张ppt.ppt

《名师伴你行系列高考英语人教一轮复习配套语法专题学案定 语 从 句22张ppt.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《名师伴你行系列高考英语人教一轮复习配套语法专题学案定 语 从 句22张ppt.ppt（22页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。

1、高考英语一轮复习课件,新 课 标 版,人 民 教 育 出 版 社,高考一轮总复习,语法学案4 定 语 从 句 考点1 限制性与非限制性定语从句考点精讲限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用；而非限制性定语从句是对先行词起补充说明作用。非限制性定语从句中，先行词与定语从句间往往用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句相当于并列句、状语从句等。如：He has two daughters，who teach in the same senior high school.(He has only two daughters.)He has two daughters who work in the same se

2、nior high school.(Perhaps he has more than two daughters.)技巧点拨 判断一个定语从句是非限制性定语从句还是,第二编 语 法 知 识,限制性定语从句的关键是看两个句子之间是否有逗号；有逗号的是非限制性定语从句，若没有则是限制性定语从句。典例剖析That evening,_ I will tell you more about later，I ended up working very late.2012大纲全国卷A.that B.which C.what D.when剖析 考查定语从句。that evening是先行词，定语从句中介词ab

3、out缺少宾语，故选B项。句意：那天晚上，我工作到很晚，关于那个晚上我以后再和你细谈。对应训练把下面的两个句子合并为一个定语从句，并判断是哪种定语从句,高考一轮总复习,1.That is his father.His father works in Shanghai.That is his father,_works in Shanghai.(_定语从句)2.I like the boy.The boy likes to help others.I like the boy_ likes to help others.(_定语从句)考点2 关系代词：who,whom,whose;which,t

4、hat的用法关系代词有三个作用：连接主句和从句；在从句中代替先行词；在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语等。考点精讲1 who,whom,whose的用法当先行词指人且在从句中作主语时，用who,不可省略；当先行词指人且在定语从句中作宾语时，用whom，可以省略；当先行词指人且在定语从句中作定语时，用whose，whose也可指物，不可省略。,who,非限制性,who,限制性,第二编 语 法 知 识,典例剖析He is the boy who lives next door.剖析 关系代词who在定语从句中作主语，不能省略。Thats the student(whom/that)I talked to

5、 yesterday.剖析 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略。This is the scientist whose achievements are well-known.剖析 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语，不能省略。This is the house whose windows were broken yesterday.剖析 关系代词在定语从句中作定语，不能省略。对应训练用关系代词who，whom或whose填空3.Do you know the name of that girl _ brother is your roommate?4.The man_ you met j

6、ust now is my old friend.,whose,whom/that,高考一轮总复习,5.The man_ is walking on the playground is my old friend.考点精讲2 that和which的区别1.限制性定语从句中，必须用关系代词that而不用which的情况：(1)当先行词是不定代词all,much,little,few,something,everything,any,anything,no,nothing,none等时。Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?Y

7、ou should hand in all that you have.(2)当先行词前面被the only，the very(恰恰，正好)或者有形容词最高级修饰时。This is the very bus that Im waiting for.This is the best way that has been used against pollution.(3)当先行词是序数词或它前面有一个序数词修饰时。,who,第二编 语 法 知 识,This train is the last that will go to Suzhou.What is the first American fil

8、m that you have seen?(4)当先行词既有人，又有物时。Do you know the things and the persons that they are talking about?2.定语从句中，必须用which而不用that的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从句中，只用which，不用that。Mary was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others,which,of course,made the others envy him.(2)当动词短语中的介词提前时,只用which,不用that。This is

9、a village in which Liu Yang,the first Chinas woman astronaut once lived.注意：在一些固定搭配的动词短语中,由于动词和介词不可分割,因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如：,高考一轮总复习,This is the pen which(that)Im looking for.不可以说：This is the pen for which Im looking.技巧点拨 判断一个定语从句是否用关系代词,关键是看定语从句中所缺的句子成分是否缺主语、宾语或者表语；当定语从句缺主语、宾语或者表语时,用关系代词。对应训练用关系代词that或w

10、hich填空6.Is there anything _ you dont understand about the problem?7.He was late for the opening ceremony,_ was very surprising to me.8.All the presents _ your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away.9.This is the very book _ I have been looking for.,that,which,that,that,第二编 语 法 知 识,10.J

11、uly 28th was the day on _ the 30th Olympic Games were started.11.The worst matter _ Im afraid of happened in the end.考点3 关系副词when,where和why的用法考点精讲,which,that,高考一轮总复习,总结关系副词在定语从句中作状语。1.when代替“atinon/during+which”,在定语从句中作时间状语,其先行词往往是表示时间的名词,如：time,day,hour,year等。June 29th,2012 was the day when/on whic

12、h the Shen-zhou-9 landed safely.2012年6月29日是神州九号安全返回的日子。He came at the time when we needed help.他在我们需要帮忙的时候来了。2.where代替“in/at/on/under等+which”,在定语从句中作地点状语,其先行词往往是表示地点的名词,如：place,room,house,street,area等。This is the place where my mother was born.这是我母亲出生的地方。,第二编 语 法 知 识,注意：当先行词为situation,case,stage,poi

13、nt或position等时,若定语从句中缺少状语,则定语从句的引导词用where引导。They have reached the point where they have to separate.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。Can you think of a situation where we can use this word?你能想出一个我们可以使用这个单词的情境来吗?3.why指原因,引导的从句修饰名词reason。why代替表原因的“介词for+which”。I dont know the reason(why/for which)he left here.我不知道他为什么要离开

14、这儿。注意：有时尽管先行词是表示地点、时间或原因的the reason,但也不用关系副词,这是因为地点、时间或the reason等词在从句中作主语或宾语。,高考一轮总复习,(1)This is the reason that/which he gave me.(作宾语)(2)This is the house that/which we visited yesterday.(作宾语)(3)I still remember the day that/which is his birthday.(作主语)(4)I agreed with most of what you said,but the

15、re is one point that/which I must insist on.(作宾语)技巧点拨 判断一个定语从句是否用关系副词,关键是看定语从句所缺的句子成分是否缺状语。当定语从句缺状语时,用关系副词：若缺时间状语,用when；若缺地点状语,用where；若缺原因状语且先行词是reason,则用why。,第二编 语 法 知 识,典例剖析Sales director is a position _ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.2012重庆卷which B.that C.when D.where剖

16、析 考查定语从句。分析题干可先判断是限制性定语从句,再分析从句的句子成分缺状语,确定用关系副词,排除A、B两项。又因为先行词是“position”,关系词在从句中做的是地点状语,因此应该使用关系副词“where”来引导定语从句。句意：销售经理是一个沟通能力和销售能力同样重要的职位,故选D项。对应训练用关系副词when,why,where填空12.I will never forget the days_ I studied in the Junior Middle School.,when,高考一轮总复习,13.Xinhua Middle School is the school_ I stu

17、died last year.14.This is the reason_ he was late.考点4“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句考点精讲在“介词+关系代词”中的关系代词只能是which和whom。(1)代替when在定语从句中作时间状语There used to be a time when the Chinese people struggled for freedom.=There used to be a time at which/during which the Chinese people struggled for freedom.中国人曾有过一段为自由而斗争的日子。(

18、2)代替where在定语从句中作地点状语This is the office where/in which I used to work.这就是我过去工作过的办公室。,where,why,第二编 语 法 知 识,(3)代替why在定语从句中作原因状语Id like you to explain the reason why/for which you were absent.我想让你解释一下你没来的原因。(4)代替that在定语从句中作方式状语There are varieties of ways that/in which we can solve this problem.我们有很多方法可

19、以解决这个问题。(5)“名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词”结构此类结构常见的有：some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most/the largest(land)of which/whom等形式。Here are the questions,some of which I thought difficult for you.这儿有些问题,其中一些我认为对你来说是困难的。,高考一轮总复习,He lives in a big house,in front of which stands a big tree.他住在一所大房子里,房子前面有一棵大树。(6)介词+

20、whomMandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.曼德拉就是我去寻求建议的那个黑人律师。技巧归纳判断“介词+关系代词”结构中的介词(1)由从句中动词短语的搭配决定。The boy with whom I talked yesterday is one of my nephews.(此处的with是talk with中的with)(2)由先行词的习惯搭配决定。Ill never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country side.(此处的du

21、ring是during the time中的during),第二编 语 法 知 识,(3)由所表达的意思决定。The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called Oxygen.这种无色的气体称为氧气,没有它我们不能存活。(此处的without是由翻译中的“没有”意思决定的)典例剖析In our class there are 46 students,_ half wear glasses.2012四川卷A.in whom B.in them C.of whom D.of them剖析 考查介词+关系代词。前后两句话之间无连词,故不能

22、用人称代词them,排除B、D两项；而应用关系代词whom引导非限制性定语从句；“在46个学生当中”,表所属,应用介词of。此题的介词由所表达的意思决定。故选C项。,高考一轮总复习,对应训练用合适的“介词+关系代词”或关系副词填空15.This is the town _ I spent my childhood.(关系副词)This is the town _ I spent my childhood.(介词+关系代词)16.I will never forget the day _ New China was founded.(关系副词)I will never forget the da

23、y _ New China was founded.(介词+关系代词)17.The reason _ he didnt come to class is that he was ill.(关系副词)The reason _ he didnt come to class is that he was ill.(介词+关系代词),where,in which,when,on which,why,for which,第二编 语 法 知 识,18.Is this the books _ he is talking?(介词+关系代词)19.Do you know the boy_ our English

24、 teacher is talking?(介词+关系代词)20.The car_ he spent 100,000 yuan is made in Shanghai.(介词+关系代词)The car_ he paid 100,000 yuan is made in Shanghai.(介词+关系代词)考点5 as与which引导定语从句的区别考点精讲(1)as和which都可以指代主句中的一部分或者整个句子的内容,有时候可以互换。Jack married her,as/which was natural.很自然地,杰克和她结婚了。,about which,with/about/to whom,

25、on which,for which,高考一轮总复习,(2)as可以放在句首,而which不能。as表示“正如,好像”,而which没有这种意思。As is known to us all,China is developing fast.众所周知,中国发展地很快。He was late for school,as we expected.正如我们所预料的一样,他上学迟到了。单项填空1.When deeply absorbed in work,_ he often was,he would forget all about eating or sleeping.2012北京卷A.that B.

26、which C.where D.when2.I wish to thank Professor Smith,without_ help I would never have got this far.2012天津卷A.who B.whose C.whom D.which,B,B,第二编 语 法 知 识,3.lot of language learning,_ has been discovered,is happening in the first year of life,so parents should talk much to their children during that pe

27、riod.2012安徽卷A.as B.it C.which D.this4.The air quality in the city,_ is shown in the report,has improved over the past two months.2012福建卷A.that B.it C.as D.what5.Care of the soul is a gradual process _ even the small details of life should be considered.2012湖南卷A.what B.in what C.which D.in which6.Aft

28、er the flooding,people were suffering in that area,_ urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive.2012江苏卷A.which B.who C.where D.what,A,C,D,B,高考一轮总复习,7.By 16:30,_ was almost closing time,nearly all the paintings had been sold.2012江西卷A.which B.when C.what D.that8.Maria has written two

29、novels,both of _ have been made into television series.2012山东卷A.them B.that C.which D.what9.It is the third time that she has won the race,_ has surprised us all.2012陕西卷A.that B.where C.which D.what10.We live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.2012浙江卷A.why B.when C.to whom D.on which,返回目录,继续,A,C,C,B,