名师伴你行系列高考英语人教一轮复习配套语法专题学案 非谓语动词28张ppt.ppt

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1、高考英语一轮复习课件,新 课 标 版,人 民 教 育 出 版 社,语法学案3 非谓语动词考点1 动词不定式动词不定式具有副词、形容词和名词的特征,因此在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等成分。考点精讲1 作主语To live is to work.生活就是工作。It is quite necessary for us to learn English well.我们学好英语很有必要。,高考一轮总复习,典例剖析No matter how bright a talker you are,there are times when its better_ silent.2012浙江卷A

2、.remain B.be remainingC.having remained D.to remain剖析 考查非谓语动词不定式的用法。it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式：to remain silent。故选D项。考点精讲2 作表语His greatest wish was to be a famous artist.他的最大愿望是成为一位著名的艺术家。考点精讲3 作宾语I wish to be a college student.我希望成为一名大学生。Do you think it possible to finish the work in time?你认为及时完成这项任务有可能吗

3、?,第二编 语 法 知 识,典例剖析I remembered_ the door before I left the office,but forgot to turn off the lights.2012安徽卷A.locking B.to lockC.having locked D.to have locked剖析 考查非谓语动词。remember后面既可以接不定式,也可以接动名词,如果选择A,这与后面的before I left the office是相矛盾的,只能选择B。考点精讲4 作定语用不定式作定语的几种情况：(1)不定式表将来The car to be bought is for

4、 his sister.要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。,高考一轮总复习,典例剖析Were having a meeting in half an hour.The decision_ at the meeting will influence the future of our company.2012重庆卷A.to be made B.being madeC.made D.having been made剖析 考查非谓语动词。make与被修饰的名词是逻辑上的被动关系,而且是将要发生的动作。A选项符合题意。(2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词。He was the b

5、est man to do the job.他是做这个工作最好的人选。(3)所修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式,常见的有：ability,chance,idea,fact,promise,answer,reply,attempt,way等。,第二编 语 法 知 识,Do you have the ability to read and write in English?你具备读写英语的能力吗?对应训练1.The pressure _ causes Americans to be energetic,but it also puts them under a constant emotional s

6、train.A.to compete B.competingC.to be competed D.having competed2.Could you find someone _?A.for me to play tennis with B.play tennis withC.for me to play tennis D.playing tennis3.Because air pollution has been greatly reduced,this city is still a good place _.A.to live B.for living inC.to be lived

7、in D.to live in,A,A,D,高考一轮总复习,4.With a lot of homework _,the student is having a hard time.A.done B.doing C.do D.done考点精讲5 不定式作状语不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因或结果等。(1)不定式表示目的时,常可用in order to或so as to来替换。so as to不可用于句首。He got up early so as to catch the first bus.为了赶头班车他起得很早。典例剖析Having finished her project,she was

8、invited by the school _ to the new students.2012江西卷A.speaking B.having spokenC.to speak D.to have spoken,C,第二编 语 法 知 识,剖析 考查非谓语动词。不定式表目的,又因D选项时态错误,故选C。(2)作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主语必须一致。To learn English well,he needs a good dictionary.为了学好英语,他需要一本好词典。注意：上句不能说：To learn English well,a good dictionary is needed.(

9、3)不定式作结果状语时,常表示一种意外的结果,尤其是和only连用时,常用only to do。He ran to the station only to find the train had left.他跑到火车站却发现火车已开走。典例剖析Tom took a taxi to the airport,only_ his plane high up in the sky.2012四川卷A.finding B.to find C.being found D.to have found,高考一轮总复习,剖析 考查非谓语动词。句意：汤姆乘的士赶到机场,结果却发现他要乘坐的飞机已经飞入高空了。only

10、后接不定式to do表示意想不到的结果。故选B。对应训练5.The chair looks rather hard,but in fact it is very comfortable to_.A.sit B.sit on C.be seat D.be sat on6._ their service,the workers of the hotel are active in learning English.A.Improving B.To improveC.Improved D.Having improved7.The American troops tried many times to

11、 break into the mosque,_ each time.A.beaten back B.only to be beaten backC.being beaten back D.having been beaten back,B,B,B,第二编 语 法 知 识,8.We all jumped with great joy_ the news that our country would have joined WTO by the end of the year.A.hearing B.to have heardC.being heard D.to hear考点2 动词-ed形式考

12、点精讲1 作宾语补足语动词-ed形式作宾语补足语时,表示与句子宾语之间具有被动或完成关系。I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.发现我的家乡变化如此之大我感到很惊奇。考点精讲2 作定语动词-ed形式作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系,表示该动作的被动或完成。I bought some painted chairs.我买了几张油漆好的椅子。,D,高考一轮总复习,典例剖析“Its such a nice place,”Mother said as she sat at the table_ for customs.2012浙江

13、卷A.to be reserved B.having reservedC.reserving D.reserved剖析 考查非谓语动词。reserve和谓语动词sat之间没有连词,故用非谓语动词,且和其逻辑主语the table逻辑上构成被动关系,故用过去分词表示被动、完成的概念,在句子中作后置定语。故选D。考点精讲3 作状语动词-ed形式作状语时表示完成或被动的动作,它是由句子的主语承受的。Asked why he was late,he went red.问他为什么迟到时,他涨红了脸。,第二编 语 法 知 识,Given more time,we could have done it be

14、tter.如果给我们的时间多一些,我们会做得更好。典例剖析Time,_ correctly,is money in the bank.2012湖南卷A.to use B.used C.using D.use剖析 考查非谓语动词。因为本句已有谓语动词is,且没有连词或引导词,故排除谓语形式D项；而time与use为被动关系,所以选B。考点3 动词-ing形式考点精讲1 作宾语补足语动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时,表示与句子宾语之间有主动或进行关系。Jenny found a wallet lying on the ground.詹妮发现地上有一个钱包。,高考一轮总复习,典例剖析I looked

15、up and noticed a snake_ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.2012四川卷A.to wind B.wind C.winding D.wound剖析 考查非谓语动词中现在分词作宾语补足语。wind与宾语snake之间为主动关系且此动作正在进行,故选C。考点精讲2 作定语动词-ing形式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,表示该动作的主动和进行。China is a developing country.中国是一个发展中国家。Be quiet.Theres a sleeping boy.安静点,这儿有一个睡觉的男

16、孩。,第二编 语 法 知 识,考点精讲3 作状语动词-ing形式可作时间、条件、原因、结果或伴随等状语,一般式表示与谓语动词动作同时发生的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词动作之前发生的动作。They entered the theatre,talking and laughing.他们说笑着进入了剧院。Having won the championship,he was awarded a million dollars.他获得了冠军,被奖励100万美元。典例剖析Tony lent me the money,_ that Id do as much for him.2012全国A.hoping B.

17、to hopeC.hoped D.having hoped,高考一轮总复习,剖析 考查非谓语动词的用法。此处现在分词短语hoping that Id do as much for him作伴随状语。句意：Tony借给我了钱,希望我加倍还他。故选A。考点4 非谓语动词易错点考点精讲1 感官动词see,watch,observe,look at,hear,listen to,notice等后面宾补的形式：当宾语与宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的主动关系时,需用动词原形及doing,不带to的不定式表完成；动词-ing形式一般主动式表正在进行。当宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑上的被动关系时,需用动词-ed形式及b

18、eing done(动词-ing 形式的一般被动式)。I heard her sing an English song just now.刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动,完成),第二编 语 法 知 识,I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时,我听见她在唱英文歌。(主动,正在进行)I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时,

19、我听见一个小女孩正在唱英文歌。(被动,正在进行)I found him tied to a big tree.我发现他被捆在一棵大树上。典例剖析To learn English well,we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as we can.2008江苏卷A.speak B.speaking C.spoken D.to spoken,高考一轮总复习,剖析 句意：为了把英语学好,我们应当尽可能抓住一切机会去听别人讲英语。本题关键要意识到English和speak之间是被动关系。故选C。考点精讲2 have,get后接三种

20、形式作宾补,其中have,get表示“使、让、叫”之意。(1)have sth.done=get sth.done使让某事由别人去做(叫让某人做某事)Ill haveget my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天得(请人)修一下我的自行车此外,have sth.done还表示“使遭受”之意。Tom had his leg broken while playing football.汤姆踢足球时,伤了腿。,第二编 语 法 知 识,典例剖析Before driving into the city,you are required to get your car _.2012四川

21、卷washed B.wash C.washing D.to wash剖析 考查非谓语动词。此题中使役动词get后接的宾语car与作宾语补足语的动词wash之间为被动关系,构成短语：get sth.done。故答案选A。句意：在驱车进城之前,你必须将你的车洗了。(2)have sb./sth.doing使/让某人/物持续地做某事(动词-ing形式表主动,正在进行)；get sb.sth.doing使某人物开始行动起来The captain got the soldiers moving towards the front.上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进起来。注意：have sb.doing若用于否定

22、句中,其中have有“容忍”之意。,高考一轮总复习,I wont have you speaking to your dad like that.我不允许你和你父亲那样讲话。(3)have sb.do sth./get sb.to do sth.使让叫某人去做某事Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.妈妈让我去商店买些食盐。典例剖析With the world changing fast,we have something new _ with all by ourselves every day.2009重庆卷A.deal B.deal

23、t C.to deal D.dealing剖析 考查不定式作定语。句意：随着世界的快速变化,我们每天都有新的问题要独自处理。动词deal逻辑上的主语是we,也就是句子的主语。故选C。,第二编 语 法 知 识,考点精讲3 动词need,require,want作“需要”解时。其后必须用动词-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语,表示事情需要做。The window needsrequireswants cleaning(to be cleaned).窗户需要擦一下。典例剖析Weve had a good start,but next,more work needs_ to achieve

24、 the final success.2012湖南卷A.being done B.do C.to be done D.to do剖析 考查非谓语动词。因为work与do为被动关系,而need用动词-ing的主动形式表被动含义,或用不定式的被动形式need to be done,故选C。,高考一轮总复习,考点精讲4 独立主格结构独立主格结构就是分词有其自己的独立主语,可以不与句子的主语保持一致。此结构在句子中起原因、方式、时间、条件、伴随状语的作用。其功能和用法见下表：,第二编 语 法 知 识,高考一轮总复习,第二编 语 法 知 识,典例剖析The old couple often take a

25、 walk after supper in the park with their pet dog _ them.2012辽宁卷A.to follow B.following C.followed D.follows剖析 考查非谓语动词。with的宾语后面可加形容词、副词、分词、不定式、名词等作宾补,这儿pet dog与follow构成主谓关系,所以用following,选B。单项填空 The old man sat in front of the television every evening,happy _ anything that happened to be on.2012全国A.

26、to watch B.watchingC.watched D.to have watched,A,高考一轮总复习,2.Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds _ away.2012北京卷A.to stay B.staying C.stayed D.stay3.Before you quit your job,_ how your family would feel about your decision.2012重庆卷A.consider B.consideringC.to consider D.considered4._ to

27、work overtime that evening,I missed a wonderful film.2012重庆卷A.Having been asked B.To askC.Having asked D.To be asked5._ in a long queue,we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.2012陕西卷A.Standing B.To stand C.Stood D.Stand,A,A,A,A,第二编 语 法 知 识,6.One learns a language by making mistakes and_ t

28、hem.2012北京卷A.corrects B.correct C.to correct D.correcting7._ with care,one tin will last for six weeks.2012北京卷A.Use B.Using C.Used D.To use8.A troop_ fine weapons are marching towards the front.A.are equipped with B.to be equipped withC.equipped with D.being equipped with9.If they win the final toni

29、ght,the team are going to tour around the city_ by their enthusiastic supporters.2011浙江卷A.being cheered B.be cheeredC.to be cheered D.were cheered,D,C,D,C,高考一轮总复习,10.Simon made a big bamboo box_ the little sick bird till it could fly.2011四川卷A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep11.We were astonished_ the

30、 temple still in its original condition.A.finding B.to find C.find D.to be found12.Many buildings in the city need repairing,but the one _ first is the library.A.repaired B.being repairedC.repairing D.to be repaired13.That is the only way we can imagine_ the overuse of water in students bathrooms.A.

31、reducing B.to reduce C.reduced D.reduce,D,B,D,B,第二编 语 法 知 识,14.There were many talented actors out there just waiting_.A.to discover B.to be discoveredC.discovered D.being discovered15.I have a lot of readings_ before the end of this term.A.completing B.to completeC.completed D.being completed,返回目录,继续,B,B,