淋巴细胞成熟与抗原受体基因的表达文档资料.ppt
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1、免疫细胞(immunocytes)凡参与免疫应答或与免疫应答有关的细胞包括:淋巴细胞单核巨噬细胞抗原递呈细胞粒细胞、肥大细胞、血小板等,淋巴细胞T淋巴细胞B淋巴细胞NK细胞免疫活性细胞(immunocompetent cell,ICC)T、B细胞均有特异性抗原受体,接受抗原刺激后能发生活化、增殖和分化,产生特异性免疫应答,故称免疫活性细胞,第一节 B细胞成熟过程 B cell maturation,骨髓内成熟 骨髓外成熟,B细胞因在骨髓(bone marrow)或禽类法氏囊(bursa of Fabricius)中分化成熟而得名,简称B细胞,The discovery of B cell im
2、munity,1957-Bruce Glick,Ohio State UniversityStudies on the function of the a lymphoid organ in the cloacal region of the chicken the bursa of Fabricius,Bursectomy no apparent effect,None of the bursectomised chickens made anti-Salmonella antibodies,Bursa was the organ where antibody producing cells
3、 developed Antibody producing cells were thereafter called B cells,Origin of B cells and organ of B cell maturation,After birth,development continues in the bone marrow,B cell development starts in the foetal liver,起源:胎儿期胎肝和骨髓出生后骨髓 两阶段:骨髓内成熟(抗原非依赖期)骨髓外成熟(抗原依赖期),一、骨髓内成熟过程,1、骨髓微环境和B细胞成熟2、B细胞成熟的分期3、未成熟
4、自身反应性B细胞的阴性选择4、Ig基因重排,1、骨髓微环境和B细胞成熟,B细胞成熟四阶段祖B细胞(pro B cells)前B细胞(pre B cells)未成熟B细胞(immature B cells)成熟B细胞(mature B cells),1、骨髓微环境和B细胞成熟,骨髓基质细胞提供微环境,Early pro-B,Cytokines and cell-cell contacts at each stage of differentiation are different,Late pro-B,Pre-B,Cytokines and cell-cell contacts at each
5、stage of differentiation are different,Bone marrow stromal cell,Maturing B cells,B,B,Stromal cell,2、B细胞成熟的分期,四阶段:祖B细胞前B细胞未成熟B细胞成熟B细胞主要事件:Ig基因重排阴性选择,3、阴性选择(negative selection),发生于未成熟B细胞若mIgM与基质细胞上的多价自身抗原结合,发生交联而致未成熟B细胞凋亡(apoptosis)若mIgM与单价可溶性自身抗原结合,引起自身反应性B细胞无能(anergy)通过阴性选择的未成熟B细胞继续发育为成熟B细胞(表达mIgM和m
6、IgD),Negative selection-Apoptosis,Immature B cell recognisesMULTIVALENTself Ag,Clonal deletion by apoptosis,Y,Y,Y,Y,Anergic B cell,IgD normal IgM low,Immature B cell recognisessoluble self AgNo cross-linking,IgM,IgD,IgD,IgD,Negative selection-Anergy,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Mature B cellexported to theperiphery,
7、Y,Y,Immature B cell doesnt recognise anyself Ag,B,Negative selection-Mature B cells,Binding to self molecules in the bone marrow can lead to the death or inactivation of immature B cells,4、Ig基因重排(gene rearrangement),Ig的基因结构(胚系基因)链基因-2号染色体 链基因-22号染色体 H链基因-14号染色体 轻链基因分为V、J、C三组基因片段重链基因分为V、D、J、C四组基因片段无功
8、能,不表达,The numbers of functional gene segments for the V regions of human heavy and light chains,Ig的基因重排(Ig gene rearrangement)B细胞成熟过程中,Ig基因片段经重排后方能表达为功能性的Ig重链基因重排轻链基因重排等位排斥和同种型排斥,V,Germline,DH-JH joining,VH-DHJH joining,V,Germline,VL-JL joining,Heavy chain rearrangement,VHDHJH-CH joining,VLJL-CLjoin
9、ing,Light chain rearrangement,DJ,编码重链,VDJ(V基因),VDJC,Splicing of IgM and IgD RNA,Two types of mRNA can be made simultaneously in the cell by differential usage of alternative polyadenylation sites and splicing of the RNA,VJ(V基因)VJC编码轻链,等位排斥(allelic exclusion)Ig 基因重排时,一对同源染色体上的两个等位基因中只有一个能表达使得一个B细胞只能表
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