最新:抗菌药物与细菌耐药性 中山大学 微生物学文档资料.ppt
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1、抗菌药物 抗菌药物的抗菌类型及抗菌机理细菌的耐药性细菌的耐药机理细菌耐药性的控制策略,抗菌药物,Antibiotics(抗生素),其他抗菌物Bacteriophage(噬菌体)Bacteriocin(细菌素)Lysozyme(溶菌酶),Antibiotics(抗生素),Antibiotics(抗生素)由真菌、放线菌或细菌自然代谢产生的可杀死或抑制微生物生长的物质 Synthetic antibiotics(合成抗生素)在实验室中,通过化学合成生产的可杀死或抑制微生物生长的物质,Discovery,Penicillin the first natural antibiotics produced
2、 by Penicillium notatm identified by Alexander Fleming in 1928,Alexander Flemming,Acquired Noble prize in 1945,Pencillin was purified and tested in mice showing its therapeutic action against lethal bacteria infection in 1935 by Howard Florey and Emst Chain Alexander Flemming Howard Florey acquired
3、Noble prize in 1945 Emst Chain,Streptomycin was identified by Selman Waksman in 1944 acquired Noble prize in 1952 Large-scale production of Penicillin by U.S pharmaceutical companies in early 1940s,Hundreds and thousands of live of infected soldiers were saved by the end of W.W.II Screening and disc
4、overies of many other kinds of antibiotics in 1950s and 1960s Microbes began developing resistance against the wonder drugs,抗生素的种类,Penicillins(青霉素类)-lactams Cephalosporins(头孢菌素类)Aminoglycosides(氨基糖甙类)Tetracyclins(四环素类)Macrolides(大环内酯类)Polymyxins(多粘菌素类)Quinolones(喹诺酮类)Rifamycins(利福霉素类)Sulphonamides(磺
5、胺类),-lactams(-内酰胺类),-lactams(-内酰胺类),Penicillins 青霉素类 penicillin G(青霉素G)ampicillin(氨苄西林)amoxicillin(阿莫西林)Cephalosporins 头孢菌素类 cefalothin 头孢噻吩,先锋I(第一代)cefotiam 头孢替安(第二代)cefotetan 头孢他定,复达欣(第三代),Aminoglycosides(氨基糖甙类),Streptomycin(链霉素)Gentamicin(庆大霉素)Kanamycin(卡那霉素)Amikacin(丁胺卡那霉素,阿米卡星)Tobramycin(妥布霉素),
6、Tetracyclins 四环素类,Tetracycline(四环素)Terramycin(土霉素)Doxycycline(强力霉素),Macrolides(大环内酯类),Erythromycin(红霉素)Midecamycin(麦迪霉素)Acetylspiramycin(乙酰螺旋霉素),Polymyxins(多粘菌素类),Polymixin B Polymixin E,Quinolones(喹诺酮类),Norfloxaxin 诺氟沙星(氟哌酸)Ciprofloxacin 环丙沙星 Ofloxacin 氧氟沙星(氟嗪酸),Other antibiotics,Vacomycin(万古霉素)“tr
7、ump card”Lincomyxin(林可霉素)Clindamycin(克林霉素),抗生素抗菌机理,1抑制细菌细胞壁的合成,-lactams(-内酰胺类)Vancomycin Cycloserine(环丝氨酸),-lactams(-内酰胺类),青霉素在细菌细胞壁上的作用靶点:penicillin-binding protein(PBPs)transpeptidase(转肽酶)transglycanase(转糖基酶),Peptide cross-bridges,(target site for penicillin),Vancomycin,与肽聚糖骨架前体上的D-丙氨酸结合,从而阻止肽聚糖骨架
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