最新:神经系统疾病营养支持文档资料.ppt
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1、背景,共识草稿(2008/8)神经系统疾病营养支持适应症2006神经系统疾病营养支持指南中华医学会肠外肠内营养学分会神经系统疾病营养支持操作规范2006神经系统疾病营养支持操作规范首都医科大学宣武医院神经内科重症监护病房,背景,共识初稿(2008/9)神经疾病营养支持工作组宿英英(首都医科大学宣武医院)黄旭升(中国人民解放军总医院)彭斌(北京协和医院)潘速跃(广州南方医院)张运周(首都医科大学宣武医院),共识背景,共识讨论稿(2008/11)共识推广稿撰写者国内部分神经内科专家(按姓氏笔划)牛小媛、牛俊英、王少石、毕齐、吕佩源、陈玲、杜继臣、狄晴、张旭、胡文立、胡颖红、黄旭 升、宿英英、程焱、
2、彭斌、潘速跃、魏东宁,第一部分神经系统疾病营养支持适应症,撰写方法,牛津循证医学中心分级(Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine,OCEBM),脑卒中伴吞咽困难患者,脑卒中伴吞咽困难患者,脑卒中伴吞咽困难患者,脑卒中伴吞咽困难患者,脑卒中伴吞咽困难患者,Stroke.2003;34:1450-1456.,Poor Nutritional Status on Admission Predicts Poor Outcomes After Stroke Observational Data From the FOOD Trial FOOD Trial Co
3、llaboration,Conclusions,These data provide reliable evidence that nutritional status early after stroke is independently associated with long-term outcome.It supports the rationale for the FOOD trial,which continues to recruit and aims to estimate the effect of different feeding regimes on outcome a
4、fter stroke and thus determine whether the association observed in this study is likely to be causal.,Effect of timing and method of enteral tube feeding for dysphagic stroke patients(FOOD):a multicentre randomised controlled trial The FOOD Trial Collaboration,Available online 25 February 2005.,Unde
5、rnutrition is common in patients admitted with stroke.we aimed to establish whether the timing and route of enteral tube feeding after stroke affected patients outcomes at 6 months.,Background,The FOOD trials consist of three pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trials,two of which include dy
6、sphagic stroke patients.,In the other,patients were allocated percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG)or nasogastric feeding.,In one trial,patients entrolled within 7 days of admission were randomly allocated to early enteral tube feeding or no tube feeding for more than 7 days(early versus avoid).,
7、Methods,The primary outcome was death or poor outcome at 6 mouths.Analysis was by intention to treat,Finding,Between Nov 1,1996,and July 31,2003,859 patients were enrolled by 83 hospitals in 15 countries into the early versus avoid trial.Early tube feeding was associated with an absolute reduction i
8、n risk of death of 5.8%(95%CI-0.8 to 12.5,P=0.09)and reduction in death or poor outcome of 1.2%(-4.2 to 6.6,P=0.7).,In the PEG versus nasogastric tube trial,321 patients were entrolled by 47 hospitals in 11 countries.PEG feeding was associated with an absolute increase in risk of death of 1.0%(-10.0
9、 to 11.9,P=0.9)and an increased risk of death or poor outcome of 7.8%(0.0 to 15.5,P=0.05).,Early tube feeding might reduce case fatality,but at the expense of increasing the proportion surviving with poor outcome.Our data do not support a policy of early initiation of PEG feeding in dysphagic stroke
10、 patients,Interpretation,推荐意见,脑卒中伴吞咽困难患者推荐肠内营养支持,发病7天内尽早开始喂养,短期(4周内)采用鼻胃管(NGT)喂养,长期(4周后)在有条件情况下采用经皮内镜下胃造口(PEG)喂养。(A级推荐),老年痴呆患者,老年痴呆患者,老年痴呆患者,老年痴呆患者,老年痴呆患者,推荐意见,痴呆早期患者推荐加强经口营养支持(B级推荐)。痴呆晚期患者推荐管饲喂养,有条件情况下采用经皮内镜下胃造口。(B级推荐),持续神经性吞咽障碍,持续神经性吞咽障碍,推荐意见,其他神经系统疾病伴持续吞咽困难患者,短期(4周内)推荐鼻胃管喂养,长期(4周后)推荐经皮内镜下胃造口喂养。(A
11、级推荐),昏迷患者的推荐意见,任何原因引起的昏迷患者,短期(4周内)昏迷推荐鼻胃管喂养,长期(4周以后)昏迷(如持续植物状态)推荐经皮内镜下胃造口喂养(D级推荐)。,第二部分神经系统疾病营养支持操作规范共识,撰写方法,1.营养风险筛查,神经系统疾病患者,尤其是伴有吞咽困难患者或危重神经疾病患者进行营养风险筛查(Nutrition risk screening,NRS)A级推荐,2002年ASPEN指南(B级推荐)2006年ESPEN指南(A级推荐)2006年CSPEN 指南(A级推荐)Kondrup等系统分析:128个临床RCT研究,8944例患者,评估营养支持对疾病临床结局的影响,包括病死率
12、和死亡率,严重并发症,住院日,经济耗费等。结果发现,NRS 2002 评分3分患者,临床营养支持后良性临床结局比例增高。(Kondrup J,et al.ESPEN guidelines for nutrition screening 2002.J.Clin Nutr,2003,22(4):415-421.)蒋朱明等 研究:中国NRS 2002 多中心营养风险筛查调查涉及13座城市19所三甲医院15098例住院患者,结果显示呼吸科、肾脏科、消化科、神经内科、普外科、普胸外科六个专科患者的总营养不良发生率35.5%。神经内科患者营养风险比例36.6%,而实际得到营养支持的很少,肠内营养2.8%,
13、肠外营养6.4%。(蒋朱明,陈伟,朱赛楠,等.中国东、中、西部大城市三甲医院营养不良(营养不足)、营养风险发生率及营养支持应用状况调查.中国临床营养杂志,2008,16(6):335-338.),中国NRS 2002 多中心营养风险筛查调查,2.能量与基本底物供给,轻症(GCS12分或APACHE16分)非卧床患者25-35Kcal/kg/dl。糖:脂比=7:36:4,热:氮比=100150:1轻症(GCS12分或APACHE16分)卧床患者20-25Kcal/kg/d。糖:脂比=7:36:4,热:氮比=100150:1重症(GCS12分或APACHE16分)患者急性应激期20-25kcal/
14、kg/d,糖:脂比=5:5,热:氮比=100:1 澳大利亚临床营养学会推荐(Austrian Society Of Clinical Nutrition.Recommendations for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition in Adults.2000.)D级推荐(专家意见),2003年,Krishnan等 前瞻性队列研究 结论:较低的能量供给有利于危重患者生存率、脱机和减少 脓毒症的发生,宿英英,李洪亮,曹桂华,等.急性生理学和慢性健康状况评估预测危重神经疾病的预后.中华神经科杂志,2008,41(4):258-261.,2005-2006 宣武医院N-I
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