最新QIN关节,肌学PPT文档.ppt
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1、CHAPTER 2 RTHROLOGY关节学,Definition定义Classifieation分类,fibrous joints 纤维连结,synchondrosis 透明软骨结合,suture 缝,cartilaginous joints软骨连结,syndesmosis 韧带连结,symphysis 纤维软骨结合,synostosis骨性结合,SECTION1 INTRODUCTION总论,一.Direct joint直接 连接,suture 缝,cartilaginous joints软骨连结,intervertebral disc,symphysis 纤维软骨结合,syndesmos
2、is 韧带连结,synostosis骨性结合,关节囊articular capsule,关节面articular surface(关节头articular head),关节腔articular cavity,1.Fundamental structure of articulation,关节窝articular fossa,二.Synovial joints,articulation(滑膜)关节,synovial joints,articulation 滑膜关节,articular surface,articular cartilage,articular capsule,articular
3、cavity,纤维层,滑膜层,5,(1).Ligaments韧带,2.Supplementary structure of articulation,Intracapsular ligament囊内韧带,Extracapsular ligament囊外韧带,articular disc(盘),(2).Articular disc关节盘,(3).Articular labrum关节唇,8,Suprapatellar bursa髌上囊,Alar folds翼状襞,(4).Synovial fold and Synovial bursa滑膜襞和滑膜囊,9,3.Movement of articula
4、tion(1).Flexion and extension 屈和伸 在足部屈称为跖屈,伸称为背屈,屈,屈,屈,伸,屈:组成关节的两骨相互靠拢,10,(2)Adduction and abduction内收和外展,11,(3)Medial rotation and lateral rotation旋内和旋外旋内:向前内侧在前臂旋内称为pronation旋前,旋外称为supination旋后(4).Circumduction环转运动(flexion,abduction,extension adduction),12,4.Classification of articulation 关节分类(1).
5、uniaxial joint单轴关节:屈戌关节(滑车关节):屈伸 运动(如指骨关节,冠状轴)车轴关节:trochoid joint or pivot joint:沿垂直轴做旋转运动,(2).biaxial joint 双轴关节:ellipsoidal joint椭圆关节(腕关节)saddle joint 鞍状关节,(3).multiaxial joint多轴关节ball-and-socket joint or spheroidal joint球窝关节(杵臼关节)plane joint平面关节,脊柱 vertebral column椎骨间的连结椎体间的连结椎间盘(intervertebral d
6、isc),髓核 nucleus pulposus,纤维环 anulus fibrosus,躯干骨连结,后纵韧带 posterior longitudinal ligament,前纵韧带 anterior longitudinal ligament,棘上韧带 supraspinal ligament,黄韧带 anterior flava,棘间韧带 interspinal ligament,横突间韧带 intertransverse ligament,颈曲,胸曲,腰曲,骶曲,脊柱的整体观,成年男性脊柱长约70cm成年女性脊柱长约60cm,椎间盘突出(脱出),肩关节 shoulder joint组成
7、:肱骨头 肩胛骨关节盂特点:典型的球窝多轴关节,头大,盂小,关节唇,囊薄而松弛,上壁有喙肱韧带,前后壁也有许多肌腱加入,囊下壁最为薄弱。肱骨头易向下脱位。,运动:全身最灵活的关节,做三轴运动,屈、伸;收、展;旋内、旋外,自由上肢骨的连结,大骨盆 greater pelvis,小骨盆 lesser pelvis,下肢带连结,骨盆pelvis,组成:左右髋骨、骶骨尾骨及骨连结,界线:骶骨岬、弓状线、耻骨梳、耻骨结节、耻骨嵴、耻骨 联合上缘骨盆下口:尾骨尖、骶结节韧带、坐骨结节、坐骨支、耻骨下支和耻骨联合下缘,骨盆性差女性骨盆:短而宽,上口近圆形,较宽大,下口及耻骨下角较大,女性耻骨下角可达9010
8、0。(男性则为7075),Knee joint(膝关节):Composition:股骨下端、胫骨上端、髌骨 Structure feature:1.joint capsule:thin,loose2.ligaments 3.Medial、lateral meniscus 内、外侧半月板 4.Synovial fold and Synovial bursa滑膜襞和滑膜囊 Movement:Flexion and extension,rotation in half flexion position,Patellar ligament髌韧带Fibular collateral ligament腓侧
9、副 韧带Tibial collateral ligament胫侧副韧带Oblique popliteal ligament腘斜韧带Cruciate ligaments of knee膝交叉韧带(anterior、posterior cruciate ligament前、后交叉韧带),Fibular collateral ligament,Tibial Collateral ligament,Patellarligament,Quadriceps femoris tendon,股四头肌腱,髌韧带,腓侧副韧带,胫侧副韧带,25,腓侧副韧带,胫侧副韧带,前交叉韧带,腓侧副韧带,26,Medial m
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