动词的时态和语态 (2).ppt

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1、时态和语态,一般现在时 do/does 一般过去时 did 一般将来时 shall/will+do 过去将来时 would/should+do 现在进行时 am/is/are+doing 过去进行时 was/were+doing 现在完成时 have/has+done 过去完成时 had+done 现在完成进行时 have been doing 将来进行时 will be doing 将来完成时 will have done,一般现在时,主要用于下面几情况：1)描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态 She doesnt often write to her family,only

2、 once a month.她不常给家里写信，仅一月一封而已。I cycle to work every day.我每天骑自行车上班。,2)一些表示方向位移的动词，可用于一般现在时，表示按时刻表安排要发生的动作。这样的动词常见的有：arrive,be,begin,come,close,end,go,leave,open,return,sail,start,stop等。例如：The train leaves at 10:05 a.m.这列火车上午十点另五分开。The plane from Hainan arrives at 6 p.m.从海南来的飞机下午六点到。,3)时间或条件状语中常用一般现在

3、时代替一般将来时。(if,unless,before,as soon as,when,once)例如：Ill tell him the news when he comes back.他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。,一般将来时,主要用来描述将要发生的动作或存在于未来的情况。,1）shall/will+动词原形(事先没有考虑过，说话时临时想到的）这种表示方法是说，动作在现在或目前还未发生，要在将来的某个时间内发生；它没有主观性，是纯粹的将来动作。例如：I shall/will not be free tomorrow.我明天没空。,2)be(am/is/are)+going+to do A）说话

4、人的意图、打算；B）根据某种迹象即将要发生 He is going to spend his holidays in London.他打算在伦敦度假。Who is going to speak first?谁先发言？It is going to rain soon.马上要下雨了。,4)be about to do 表示“即可，就要”，后面不能接时间状语。例如：I was about to leave when an unexpected visitor came.,3)be(am/is/are)+不定式表示方法描述两钟情况：A)按计划没有意外一定要发生的动作，这个动作发生的时间一般不会很远；B

5、)要求或命令他人做某事。The new bridge is to open to traffic in three days.新桥三天后通车。You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room.任何移动通讯工具都不得带入考场。,过去将来时,表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。,A）宾语从句或间接引语中；B）表示过去习惯性的动作；例如：A)When I thought about it,I wondered what their reaction would be.当我考虑这件事时，我想知道他们的反应是什么。

6、B)During that period,he would do morning-exercises every day.在那段时间，他每天早锻炼。,现在进行时,1）主要用来描述正在发生的动作，或是“现阶段”一直在进行的动作。,They are having a football match.他们正在赛足球。He is preparing for CET Band Six.他在为大学英语六级考试作准备。,2）表示说话人的情感，如：赞许、批评；喜欢、厌恶等。这时的动作并不是正在发生或进行，而是表示经常性，相当于一般现在时所描述的情况。例如：He is always thinking of oth

7、ers,not of himself.（表示赞许）他总是为他人着想，而不为自己。She is often doing well at school.（表示满意）她在学校学习挺不错的,3）表示在近期按计划或安排要发生的动作,用于这种情况仅限于少量的动词，如：go,come,leave,arrive,see,have,lunch(吃午饭),return,dine(进餐，尤指晚餐),work,sleep,stay,play,do,wear(穿，戴)等。例如：Im dinning out with my friends this evening.今晚我将和朋友在外面吃饭 An American pro

8、fessor is giving a lecture this afternoon.今天下午一位美国教授要来作报告。,1.如果是不表示连续性的动词用于现在完成时的句子，不可以和以for表示的一段时间的状语连用。在这种情况下，应该用It has been since的句式来表达。如：He has joined the army for five years.（错误）It has been five years since he joined the army.（正确）,现在完成时,2）现在完成时还可以用于下列句子结构：1.It is/has been+some time+since-clause

9、2.That/This/It is the first time that,e.g:This is the first time that I have heard her sing.It has been five years since they got married.,现在完成进行时,表示，发生在过去的某个动作延续到现在刚刚完成，或许还要继续延续；这种时态侧重于这个动作的连续性，或者说不间断性。当谓语动词是be时，用现在完成时就可以表示现在完成进行时。例如：Ive been waiting for you for the whole morning.整个上午我一直在等你。It has

10、been raining for three days.雨连续下了三天。,将来完成时,将来完成时表示的是到将来的某点时间为止将已经完成了某个动作。,We will have learned three chapters by the end of this term.I will have prepared the meal when my mother comes back.,将来进行时,将来进行时表示的是在将来的某一点时间，将正在做某事。,We will be taking an English exam this time tomorrow afternoon.I will be wai

11、ting for you at the school gate at five oclock tomorrow morning.I will be speaking at a meeting when you arrive at our schoolTomorrow.,现在完成进行时,被动语态,主动形式表示被动意义：1.feel.look.smell,taste,sound等系动词后面接形容词时2.cut,read,sell,wear,write,wash,cook,shut,dry,drink等表示某种性质时且带有状语修饰时 e.g:The book sells very well.Thes

12、e cups clean easily.The stone weighs two tons.The jacket washes easily.3.want,require,need,worth后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义 e.g:These flowers want/require/need watering.These books are worth reading.4.在“be+adj.+to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动 代被动。e.g:This apple isnt fit to eat.He isnt easy to get along with.,被动形式表

13、示主动意义：be seated,be lost,be dressed,be,determined,be located,等表示状态e.g:He is seated on a beach.(He seats himself on a beach.)She was dressed a white skirt.,高考题例,1.(2013北京)23 Shakespeares play Hamlet into at least ten different films over the past years.A.had been made B.was made C.has been made D.woul

14、d be made2.(2013北京)25-Do you think Mom and Dad _ late?-No,Swiss Air is usually on time.A.were B.will be C.would be D.have been,B,C,3.(2013北京)28 Hurry up!Mark and Carl _ us.expect B.are expecting C.have expected D.will expect4.(2013北京)32-So what is the procedure?-All the applicants _ before a final d

15、ecision is made by the authority.A.interview B.are interviewing C.are interviewed D.are being interviewed,C,B,5.(2013全国大纲)27.We _ very early so we packed the night before.A.leave B.had left C.were leaving D.have left6.(2013福建)26.The girl has a great interest in sport and _ badminton classes twice a

16、week over the last three years.took B.is taking C.takes D.has been taking,D,C,7.(2013安徽)24.Im calling about the apartment you _the other day.Could you tell me more about it?advertised B.had advertised C.are advertising D.will advertise8.(2013湖南)22.-“What do you want to be?”asked Mrs.Crawford.-“Oh,I

17、_ president,”said the boy,with a smile.have been B.am C.was D.will be,D,A,9.(2013湖南)24.Around two oclock every night,Sue will start talking in her dream.It somewhat _us.A.bothers B.had bothered C.would bother D.bothered10.(2013湖南)26.If nothing _,the oceans will turn into fish deserts.A.does B.had be

18、en done C.will do D.is done,D,A,1.（2014北京卷）22.-Hi,lets go skating.-Sorry,Im busy right now.I _ in an application form for a new job.A.fill B.have filled C.am fillingD.will fill2.（2014北京卷）32.I found the lecture hard to follow because it _ when I arrived.A.startedB.was starting C.would startD.had star

19、ted3.（2014大纲卷）22.Unless extra money_,the theatre will close.A.was found B.finds C.is found D.will be found,D,C,C,4.（2014福建卷）23.Havent seen you for ages!Where have you been?I went to Ningxia and _ there for one year,teaching as a volunteer.A.stayed B.stay C.had stayed D.am staying5.（2014江苏卷）23.How mu

20、ch do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?Well,the media_it in a variety of forms.A.coverB.will cover C.have coveredD.covered6.（2014山东卷）1.Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we_.A.will expect B.are expecting C.expect D.had expected,C,A,D,7.（2

21、014四川卷）9.She _ someone,so I nodded to her and went away.A.phoned B.had phoned C.was phoning D.has phoned8.（2014天津卷）11.We wont start the work until all the preparations _.A.are being made B.will be made C.have been made D.had been made9.（2014重庆卷）8.James has just arrived,but I didnt know he _until yes

22、terday.A.will come B.was coming C.had come D.came,C,C,B,同步练习,1.Since its a(n)_ dinner,you should wear your suit with a tie and bring some gifts.Aenergetic BinformalCformal Dordinary2(2013铁岭六校联考)_ it is to take a rest after a long run!AWhat a fun BHow funCWhat fun DHow a fun,C,C,3The _ of Suzhou and

23、Hangzhou in spring is attractive.Aview BsceneryCscene Dsight4Admakers choose words and brand names very carefully in order to make a creative image of the product they are _.Aprocessing BproducingCproviding Dpromoting,D,B,5They could not _ being drawn into the argument so they had to join in it.Aavo

24、id BadoptCattach DAppeal6How much did you get about this chapter?Almost nothing.The teacher explained three times but didnt _.Aget on Bget throughCget across Dget off,C,A,7The communication satellite _ from Xichang Space Center has entered the orbit successfully.Ato be launched BlaunchedClaunching D

25、having launched8The faces of the famous American Presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a _ of 60 miles.AlengthBdistanceCway Dspace,B,B,9(2011福建福州三中高三期中)My uncle _ in Beijing for over 10 years.Now he lives in his hometown in Fuzhou.Ahas worked BworkedChad worked Dworks10Since you have seen bo

26、th runners,_？Awho will win do you thinkBwhom do you think will winCdo you think whom will winDwho do you think will win,D,B,11Some youngsters know what to _ at the university.They have made up their minds about their future.Atake in Btake upCtake off Dtake over12How disappointing!They have finished

27、_ 5%of the work.Ano more than Bno less thanCmore than Dnot less than,A,B,13Everything is easily _ so its not wise to follow the fashion.Aout of sight Bout of dateCout of reach Dout of memory14It is because he _ experience that he is rejected.Ais short of Bis short forClacks of Dlacks for15The _ explosion _all the people present just now.Afrightened;frightenedBfrightening;frightenedCfrightened;frightensDfrightening;frightens,A,B,B,