初中宾语从句的讲解与运用.ppt

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1、The Object Clause(Revision)宾语从句（复习）,宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语。,宾语从句,宾 语 从 句,概念：句子的宾语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式充当，当一 个句子充当宾语时,我们把这个句 子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的三要点：1、引导词 2、从句语序 3、从句的时态,不同引导词引导的宾语从句,由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,w

2、hich，what 和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句,由从属连词 whether,if 引导的宾语从句,一、引导词：取决于从句的语气,1.从句是陈述语气时，引导词用that.2.从句是一般疑问语气时，引导词用if或 whether.3.从句是特殊疑问语气时，引导词用特殊 疑问词。e.g:Im afraid that you are right.I want to know if it will rain tomorrow.I didnt hear what he wanted me to do.Do you know whose bag I am carrying

3、?He asked me if I taught English.,由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略,e.g.I hear(that)_.（一小时后他会回来）He said(that)_.（他非常想念我们）The teacher told us(that)_.（地球围着太阳转）,he will be back in an hour,he missed us very much,the earth moves around the sun,由连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what及连接副词 when,w

4、here,how,why引导的宾语从句,1.He asked.(谁能回答这个问题）2.Do you know_.（他们在等谁）3.He asked _.（谁的书法是班上最好的）4.Please tell me _.（我们什么时候开会）5.Can you tell me _.（他在哪儿）6.Could you tell me _.（我该怎么去车站）9.Would you tell me _（为什么火车迟到了）,who could answer the question,whom they are waiting for,whose handwriting was the best in the

5、class,when well have a meeting,where he is,how I can get to the station,why the train is late,由从属连词whether,if 引导的宾语从句,e.g.1.I want to know _.（他是否跟我们一起去公园）2.Ask him _.（他是否能来）3.I dont know _.（是否要下雨）,if(whether)he will go to the park with us,whether(if)he can come,whether it is going to rain or not,1、当

6、句末为or not时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.2、在不定式前，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.例如：I havent made up my mind whether to go there or not.,二、从句语序：一律用陈述语序 主句+引导词+主语+谓语动词+其他,He asked me when I arrived in Shanghai.I want to know where they will go.Could you tell me what you are reading?I dont know where he lives.,e.g:Could yo

7、u tell me how I can get to the Science Museum?He asked him where he came from.Did you know whats the name of the handsome boy in the classroom yesterday？Please tell me where I can buy the beautiful flower.,请注意观察红色字体的语序,三、主.从句的时态呼应,1.主句是一般现在时，从句可以用任何时态。2.主句是一般过去时,从句用过去范畴的时态。3.主句是一般过去时，但从句表达的是客观真 理或自然

8、现象时，仍然用一般现在时。e.g:He says that he is reading a book now.He said that he would work hard.They said they had been to France.The students asked me if the earth goes round the sun.,具体的时态的变化 1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。e.g I hear(that)Tom has been to Guilin twice.I hear(that)she will c

9、ome tomorrow.I hear(that)Jim went to work an hour ago.I hear(that)he is interested in English.,2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。e.g He said(that)he would go to Xian.He said(that)he was ill yesterday.He said(that)he was reading a book.He said(that)he had had supper already.3.当宾语从句说明的

10、是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。e.g He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon.The teacher told the students that light travels faster than sound.The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful to our health.,标点符号：宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定，不受从句的限制。如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句时用句号；而主句是疑问句时，句末则用问

11、号。e.g He asked me if/whether I could help him.Do you know where Li Ping is?Please tell me which colour you like best.Would you please tell the teacher how old you are?,四、宾语从句的标点符号,五、宾语从句的否定形式：一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。但若主句谓语动词是think、expect、believe、guess、imagine、suppose 等表示“认为，猜想”的词时，一般要把宾语从句中的否定式转移

12、到主句中。e.g I dont think its going to rain.I dont believe she will lend you the money.但是，如果主句中的谓语动词是 hope，则不适用于此规则。e.g I hope he wont come.,六、宾语从句与直接引语变间接引语的关系。直接引语变为间接引语之后通常都构成一个宾语从句。因此我们要掌握好宾语从句的用法必须也要熟悉直接引语变间接引语的规则。,Direct Speech and Indirect Speech,引语的概念,直接引述别人的原话，叫 _;,直接引语,用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫 _。,间接引语

13、,直接引语通常都用_括起来，,引号“”,间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个 _。,宾语从句,Direct Speech,Indirect Speech,She said,“I like singing.”She said,“I am waiting for a bus.”She said,“I visited Europe last year.”She said,“I have never met an American.”She said,“I will see you next week.”,She said that she liked singing.,She said that she

14、was waiting for a bus.,She said she had visited Europe the year before.,She said she had never met an American.,She said that she would see me the next week.,SUMMARY,直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时用连词that（可省略）引导宾语从句.从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等相应变化.,、人称的变化,一随主,二随宾,第三人称不变,引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一致,引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保

15、持一致,引号内的第三人称在变间引后人称不变,She said,“I like Tennis.”,She said that she liked tennis.,He said to Lily,“you must get up early.”,He told Lily that she must get up early.,She said to me,“They want tohelp him.”,She told me that they wanted tohelp him.,一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新,直接引语,间接引语,一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,一般过去时,过去

16、完成时,现在完成时,过去完成时,一般将来时,过去将来时,The teacher said,“The sun is bigger than the earth.”,The teacher said that the sun is bigger than the earth.,注:直引若是客观真理,变为间引时,时态不变.,时态变化,2,直接引语,间接引语,指示代词,时 间 状 语,地点状语,方向性动词,this,that,these,those,now,then,today,that day,this week,that week,yesterday,the day before,last wee

17、k,the week before,four days ago,four days before,the day before yesterday,two days before,tomorrow,the next/following day,next month,the next/following month,here,there,come,go,bring,take,情态动词,can,may,must,could,might,had to,Direct Speech,Indirect Speech,She asked,“Have you seen the film?”,She asked

18、 me whetherif I had seen the film.,He asked,“Are you a doctor,John?”,He asked John ifwhether he was a doctor.,She asked us,“Where are you going to get off?”,She asked us where we were going to get off.,He asked them,“Who gave you a talk yesterday?”,He asked them who had given them a talk the day bef

19、ore.,SUMMARY,直接引语是疑问句，变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变为陈述语序。直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,用连词 if 或 whether 连接。直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词作连词来引导。,Direct Speech,Indirect Speech,“Never do that again,”the teacher said,The policeman ordered us to be quiet.,The policeman ordered:“Be quiet.”,The teacher told the boy to open the window

20、.,The teacher said to the boy,”Open the window.”,The teacher told me not/never to do that again,“Wait a moment”she said to them.,She asked them to wait a moment.,直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定前加tell,ask,order,advise等动词的宾语。注意：否定句，在动词不定式前加not或never.,SUMMARY,解题步骤:,1.陈述句,“I dont like computers,”San

21、dy said to her friends.,Sandy said to her friends,that,said/told,didnt,she,Sandy said to/told her friends that she didnt like computers.,2.一般疑问句:Is it easy to work out the problem?(They asked him),They asked him,if,It is easy to work out the problem.,it is easy to work out the problem.,asked,is,was,

22、They asked him if it was easy to work out the problem.,3.特殊疑问句：When do you harvest the wheat?(They asked him),They asked him,when,you harvest the wheat,you harvest the wheat.,he,harvested,They asked him when he harvested the wheat.,4.祈使句Little boy,put on your coat.(They ordered),They ordered,Little

23、boy,Little boy,put on your coat.,put on your coat.,to put,They ordered the little boy to put on his coat.,his,The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.(be)The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go)Tom says that they _(play)basketball at six oclock yesterday evening.I hear they _(return)it already.He sai

24、d that they _ members of the Party since 1948.(be),will be,goes,were playing,has returned,had been,He asked what they _ at eight last night.(do)The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound.(travel)I think you _ about the relay race now.(talk)I didnt know whom the letters _ from.(be),tra

25、vels,are talking,were,were doing,10.I didnt know what time he _ the letter.(write)11.Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move)round the earth.12.Could you tell me who _ away the book already?(take)13.Ling Feng told me he _ to several times.(be)14.Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east.(ri

26、se)15.Can you tell me what they _ yesterday?(do),wrote,moves,has taken,had been,rises,did,将下列句子合并为一句:1.Where do they stop on the way?I asked.2.What will you speak at the meeting?Could you tell me?3.Do they like to make friends with us?He asked.4.“I am doing my homework.”He said.,I asked where they s

27、topped on the way.,Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?,He asked if they liked to make friends with them.,He said that he was doing his homework.,将下列句子合并为一句:5.“I will come back.”Tom said.6.“Is he doing his homework?”Jim asked.7.“When will he come back?”Tom asked.,Tom said that he wo

28、uld come back.,Jim asked if he was doing his homework.,Tom asked when he would come back.,8.“How can I get to the station?”Could you tell me?9.“Why is the train late?”Would you tell me?10.“Where is Tom?”They asked.,Could you tell me how I can get to the station?,Would you tell me why the train is late?,They asked where Tom was.,