[材料科学]合成革用聚氨酯的研制及染色研究.doc
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1、摘 要超细PA/PU合成革是一种用超细锦纶与聚氨酯经特殊工艺制成的合成革,其外观特征和内在结构特性均接近或达到真皮程度。然而,超细纤维合成革作为一种复合材料,聚酰胺超细纤维和聚氨酯的分子结构不同,染色差异大,造成了合成革染色的难点。为此,本课题主要是对聚氨酯进行改进,制备易染色的聚氨酯树脂,使其达到合成革加工要求的同时,还显著提高染色性,降低合成革染色的难度。本课题选用二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI),与不同类型的多元醇和扩链剂反应,制备易染色的聚氨酯树脂,探讨它们对树脂物性和染色的影响,并对自制的超纤合成革进行了染色研究。本文首先通过实验,确定聚氨酯树脂的合成反应条件:预聚反应温度为7080,
2、预聚反应时间90min;扩链反应温度70,当体系达到规定的浓度和粘度时终止反应。从树脂外观、力学性能、皮膜的凝固性和成肌性、耐溶剂(甲苯)性等方面筛选多元醇,最终选用聚四氢呋喃二醇 (PTMG1000和PTMG2000)和聚酯多元醇HP-3020混合,扩链剂为乙二醇(EG),制得的树脂100%模量在10MPa左右,固含量为(301)%,粘度6080 Pas/25。通过红外光谱图分析,确定本实验合成的是聚酯和聚醚共混型聚氨酯。其次,探讨了N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)、二苯基甲烷二胺(MDA)两种协扩链剂对聚氨酯树脂性能和染色K/S值的影响。MDEA和MDA这两种协扩链剂可提高树脂的染色性,但MD
3、EA和MDA的分子结构决定了它们对树脂力学性能的影响是完全不同的。实验结果表明:树脂中仅加入MDA质量分数在1.47%2.43%之间比较适合;仅加入MDEA 的质量分数为1.47%时的K/S值是不加入MDEA时的10倍,单独使用MDEA的用量不宜超过1.47%;MDEA和MDA都能提高染色性,但MDA质量分数增加,树脂强度增加,断裂伸长率下降,而加入MDEA的结果刚好相反。所以研究了在它们共同作用下对树脂的影响,实验结果表明:MDA/MDEA的摩尔比值在11 12时,所制得树脂物性和染色K/S值均保持较高水平。最后,本实验对自制的聚氨酯超纤合成革,采用嘉禾P系列中性染料对其进行染色,得到较高的
4、上染百分率,透染性好,皂洗牢度和摩擦牢度也都能达到3级以上,染色性能良好。本课题通过大量的实验,并结合实际生产工艺,制得的聚氨酯树脂在满足合成革加工的基本要求外,最大的特点是提高了它的染色K/S值,改善了PA/PU合成革的染色难问题,对实际生产有一定的指导意义。目前,国内合成革的染色技术还不是很成熟,因此有相当大的发展空间。 关键词:聚氨酯、超细纤维、合成革、染色STUDY ON THE PREPARATION OF POLYURETHANE RESIN APPLIED IN SUPERFINE SYNTHETIC LEATHER AND DYEINGABSTRACTSuperfine PA/
5、PU synthetic leather is a synthetic leather made of superfine polyamide fiber and polyurethane by special process, its appearance character and inherent structure character are close to or reach the genuine leather .However, superfine fiber synthetic leather is a kind of composite material ,since mo
6、lecular structure of the super polyamide fiber is different from polyurethane, and their dyeing are also widely different, which caused the synthetic leather dyeing as a difficult problem. For this reason, this subject is mainly to improve the polyurethane. The easy-dyeing polyurethane resin was pre
7、pared to make it reach the requirements of the processing of synthetic leather as well as improve dyeing evidently and reduce the dyeing difficulty of the synthetic leather. The easy-dyeing polyurethane resin was synthesized with diphenyl-methane -diisocyanate (MDI), different kinds of polyols and e
8、xtend chain reagents. The effects of resin physical property and dyeing were also discussed. The dyeing performance of superfine synthetic leather made by myself was also studied. At first, this paper confirmed the synthetic reaction condition of the polyurethane resin through experiments: the tempe
9、rature of pre-polymerization reaction was 7080, the time of pre-polymerization was 90min; the temperature of chain extending reaction was 70, stopped reacting when reaching the density and viscosity stipulated in system. From the resin performance of mechanics, solidifying ,becoming skin ,and bearin
10、g solvent (toluene) etc. choose the polyols of polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG1000 and PTMG2000 ) and polyester polyol HP-3020 , extend chain reagent of the ethylene glycol (EG), the resin 100% modulus was 10MPa around, the solid content was (301)%,viscosity was 6080 Pas/25. The structure of polyure
11、thane was investigated by using infrared spectrogram which confirmed that it was polyester and polyether polyurethane. Secondly, extend chain reagents of N-Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and diphenyl-methane-diamine(MDA) effecting on polyurethane resin physical properties and dyeing K/S value were disc
12、ussed. MDEA and MDA can improve the resin dyeing properties, but the molecular structures of MDEA and MDA have determined that their effects on resin physical performance were totally different. The experimental result showed that the optimal dosage of MDA was 1.47%2.43% in the resin; The polyuretha
13、ne K/S values of 1.47% dosage of MDEA is ten times than none of MDEA ,and the dosage of MDEA was not suitable to exceed 1.47% when using it alone. MDEA and MDA can both improve dyeability, when the content of MDA increased, resin tensile strength increased and elongation decreased, and the result of
14、 MDEA is just opposite. So their reacting together were studied, the result showed that when molar ratio of MDA and MDEA was 11 to 12, physical properties and dyeing K/S values of polyurethane resin had high performance. Finally, the dyeing performance of superfine synthetic leather made by myself w
15、ith Jiahe P serial neutral dyes was studied. The dyeing behaviors of the products got both higher dye exhaustion and good dye penetrability. Rubbing and soaping fastness both reached more than 3 grade. Through a large number of experiments and production technology, the polyurethane resin in the pap
16、er had basic processing demands of the synthetic leather, the greatest character was to improve its dyeing K/S value, to improve the difficult problem of dyeing of the synthetic leather of PA/PU, produce certain directive significance. The dyeing technology of the synthetic leather is not still ripe
17、 at home, so there is considerable development space. Gong Yan-yan(Textile Chemistry & Engineering of Dyeing and Finishing) Directed by Professor He Jiang-pingKey words: Polyurethane resin, Superfine fiber, Synthetic leather, Dyeing目录1绪论11.1引论11.2聚氨酯概况11.2.1聚氨酯的形态结构11.2.2制备聚氨酯主要原料21.2.3聚氨酯的制备方法31.2.
18、4聚氨酯的用途31.3聚氨酯合成革51.3.1聚氨酯合成革定义51.3.2聚氨酯合成革的发展史51.3.3聚氨酯合成革的制备方法61.3.4聚氨酯合成革的分类71.4本课题的提出及研究意义72实验理论92.1异氰酸酯与活泼氢化合物的反应92.1.1反应机理92.1.2异氰酸酯与羟基的反应92.1.3异氰酸酯与水的反应102.1.4异氰酸酯与胺基的反应102.1.5异氰酸酯与氨酯基及脲基的反应112.2超纤合成革用聚氨酯的原料122.2.1聚氨酯软段的选择122.2.2聚氨酯硬段的选择122.2.3聚氨酯溶剂的选择132.3超纤合成革用聚氨酯的聚合原理132.4超纤合成革用聚氨酯的红外分析152
19、.5超纤合成革染色162.5.1酸性染料染色162.5.2中性染料染色172.5.3直接和活性染料染色182.5.4分散染料染色183实验193.1实验用品193.1.1实验用材料193.1.2实验用化学品与仪器193.2易染色聚氨酯树脂的制备及测试203.2.1易染色聚氨酯树脂的制备203.2.2易染色聚氨酯树脂的测试203.3易染色聚氨酯皮膜的制备及测试213.3.1易染色聚氨酯皮膜的制备213.3.2易染色聚氨酯皮膜的测试223.4易染色聚氨酯合成革的制备233.5易染色聚氨酯合成革的染色及测试233.5.1合成革染色233.5.2上染速率曲线的测定243.5.3测试方法254结果与讨论
20、264.1聚氨酯反应时间和温度的确定264.1.1预聚反应时间对聚合的影响264.1.2预聚反应温度对聚合的影响264.1.3扩链反应温度对聚合的影响274.1.4扩链反应时间对聚合的影响284.2聚氨酯红外分析294.3软段对聚氨酯的影响304.3.1多元醇对聚氨酯的影响304.3.2分子量对聚氨酯的影响314.4易染色聚氨酯的研制324.4.1二苯基甲烷二胺(MDA)用量对树脂物性及染色的影响324.4.2 N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)用量对树脂物性及染色的影响344.4.3 MDA/MDEA摩尔比值对树脂物性及染色的影响374.5 超纤合成革的染色384.5.1 K/S值384.5.2染
21、料的上染速率曲线394.5.3染色牢度404.5.4小结415结论42参考文献43攻读学位期间发表的学术论文目录西安工程科技学院学位论文知识产权声明西安工程科技学院学位论文独创性声明5 结论ABSTRACT1 绪论1.1引论 皮革是人类最早穿着的材料之一,随着人类社会的发展,天然皮革供应量与人类日益增长的需求量的不平衡现象越来越突出,为解决天然皮革的日益短缺,满足人们对各种服饰面料广泛使用的需要,人们开始了使用不同的化学原料和方法制造天然皮革代用品的研究1。聚氨酯合成革具有光泽柔和、自然、手感柔软,真皮感强的外观,具有与基材粘结性能优异,抗磨损、耐挠曲、抗老化、抗霉菌性好等优异的机械性能,同时
22、还具备耐寒性好、透气、可洗涤、加工方便、价格优廉等优点,是天然皮革的最为理想的替代品,广泛应用于服装、制鞋、箱包、家具、体育等行业25。超细纤维合成革是采用与天然皮革中束状胶原纤维的结构和性能相似的尼龙超细纤维,制成具有三维网络结构的高密度无纺布,再填充性能优异具有开式微孔结构的聚氨酯,经过加工处理而成的。这种合成革不论从内部微孔结构,还是外观质感、物理特性以及人们穿着舒适性等方面,都能与高级天然皮革相媲美了67。目前,合成革的颜色主要是由配方中的色浆或表面涂饰剂赋予的,基布的颜色要与色浆或涂料颜色相一致1,而通过染料染色的研究是超细纤维合成革的热点,由于合成革本身结构的特点,使染色既是一个难
23、题,同时也是一个可以创新、潜力巨大的课题,其发展前景良好。1.2聚氨酯概况1.2.1聚氨酯的形态结构聚氨酯全称为聚氨基甲酸酯,其英文名是polyurethane。它是分子结构中含有NHCOO单元的高分子化合物,该单元由有机多异氰酸酯与聚醚型或聚酯型多元醇反应生成的。聚氨酯的性能,归根结底受大分子链形态结构的影响。聚氨酯的独特的柔韧性和宽范围的物性可用两相形态学来解释。聚氨酯材料的性能在很大程度上取决于软硬段的相结构及微相分离程度。适度的相分离有利于改善聚合物的性能8。从分子结构看,聚氨酯是一种软段和硬段相间的嵌段聚合物。一般由低聚物多元醇构成柔性链段,柔性链段在常温下有许多的构象,呈无规卷曲状
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- 材料科学 合成革 聚氨酯 研制 染色 研究
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