初中被动语态的奥秘.ppt

《初中被动语态的奥秘.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《初中被动语态的奥秘.ppt（44页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。

1、初中被动语态的奥秘,中考必考的重点语法,被动语态基本用法当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。,何时使用被动语态呢？一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：Football is played all over the world 二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：My bike was stolen我的自行车被盗了。,动词过去分词的构成规则（与动词过去式构成规则一样）：,1、一般在动词原形末尾加-ed，looked played,2、

2、结尾是e的动词加-d，lived used,3、末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写 这个辅音字母，再加-ed，planned tripped,4、结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先变“y”为“i”，再 加-ed，study-studied，carry-carried,2.不规则动词的过去分词：,am,is,are,been,have,has,had,do,done,write,written,go,gone,写出下列动词的过去式，过去分词：,sing-sang-sung,build-built-built,1、speak（）2、use（）3、make（）4、write（）5、grow()

3、6、plant（）7、produce（）8、ask（）9、plan（）10、send（）11、build（）12、invite（）,1、speak spoke spoken 2、use used used3、make made made 4、write wrote written5、grow grew grown 6、plant planted planted7、produce produced produced 8、ask asked asked9、plan planned planned 10、send sent sent11、build built built 12、invite inv

4、ited invited,请写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词：,sing-sang-sung,build-built-built,He plants trees in spring.,主,谓,宾(受动者),Trees,are planted,by,him,改为被动语态,in spring.,Have a try,主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，原主变宾by后见，时态人称be关键。,e.g many people speak English.,主动语态变被动语态的步骤：1、主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语；2、主动句的谓语动词变为被动结构；3、主动句的主语变为被动句的宾语，由by引出，当不

5、强调动 作的执行者时，常省略。,1.They make shoes in that factory.主语+及物动词+宾语,Shoes are made(by them)in that factory.一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词,变为被动语态,2.They bought ten computers last term,Ten computers were bought(by them)last term.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词,3Amy can take good care of Gina,Gina can be taken good care of

6、 by Amy.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词,4.They will finish the work in ten days.,The work will be finished(by them)in ten days.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词,5.Some workers are painting the rooms now,The rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词,6We have made twenty more keys

7、,Twenty more keys have been made by us.现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词,各种时态的被动语态构成 1）一般现在时：You are invited to do this.2）一般过去时：The story was told by her.3）一般将来时：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.,看一看 想一想,4)情态动词：The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.,各种时态的被动语态构成,一般现在时：一般过去时：情态动词：一般将来时：现在进

8、行时：现在完成时：过去进行时：,S+am/is/are+P.PS+was/were+P.P.S+can/may/must/should+be+P.P.S+will+be+P.P.S+am/is/are+being+P.P.S+have/has+been+P.P.S+was/were+being+P.P.,把下列的句子变为被动语态的句子：1、They speak English in Canada.(English.)2、People use wood for making tables.（wood.）3、The make computers in the USA.（Computers）4、Th

9、ey grow rice in South China.（Rice）,English is spoken in Canada.,Wood is used for making tables.,Computer are made in the USA.,Rice is grown in South China.,were planted,The bridge was,was produced,1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows o

10、f their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.,EXERCISES,are used,are,cleaned,(变被动语态）,3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.,The ticket was found,was told,5.His doctor made h

11、im have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them.,was made to have,can be,used,7.Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today

12、?,Were many trees planted,Must be finished,9.The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1)_ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2)Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.,we were given,were,given to us,10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do mo

13、st of the work.Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.,was asked,is done,12.He can mend the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.,can be mended,must be,taken,14.The students study German in this scho

14、ol.German _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_ this question often _ about _ _?,is studied,Is,talked,by them,The trees should be planted around the lake.,The computer must be repaired now.,Their mistakes should be corrected.,The trees must be watered well.,1

15、、一般现在时的被动语态2、一般过去时的被动语态3、一般将来时的被动语态4、现在进行时的被动语态5、情态动词的被动语态,语态转换时所注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought.(正确)A new computer have been bought.(错误)2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。My uncle gave me a prese

16、nt on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday.如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：A present was given to me yesterday.,保留宾语,注意：1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell 等。(1)The book was showed to the class.(2)My bike was lent to

17、her.2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for,如：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing 等。(1)A new skirt was made for me.(2)The meat was cooked for us.(3)Some country music was played for us.,3.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：不及物动词+介词，如:agree to,ask f

18、or,laugh at,operated on,listen to,look after,think of,talk about 等。The problem is solved.It neednt be talked about.及物动词+副词：如：bring about,carry out,find out,give up,hand in,make out,pass on,point out,put away,put off,think over,turn down,work out,turn out 等。His request was turned down.The sports meet

19、 will be put off because of the bad weather.,4.带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：(1)We always keep the classroom clean.The classroom is always kept clean.(2)She told us to follow her instructions.We were told to follow her instructions.注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listen to,look

20、at,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to 的问题。We often hear him play the guitar.He is often heard to play the guitar.,5.当主动句的主语是nobody,no one等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody,作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：Nobody can answer this question.误：The question can be answered by

21、 nobody.正：The question can not be answered by anybody.,6.当否定句中的宾语是anything,anybody,anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing,nobody,no one作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如：They havent done anything to make the river clean.误：Anything hasnt been done to make the river clean.正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.

22、,7.以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用by whom放在句首：Who wrote the story?误：Who was the story written?正：By whom was the story written?,8.有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook 等。如：(1)The cloth washes easily.这布很好洗。(2)The new product sells well.

23、这新产品很畅销。对比：The books sell well.(主动句)The books were sold out.(被动句)The meat didnt cook well.(主动句)The meat was cooked for a long time.(被动句),9.下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。(1)Do you like the material?Yes,it feels very soft.误：It is felt very soft.(2)The food t

24、astes delicious.误：The food is tasted delicious.(3)The pop music sounds beautiful.误：The pop music is sounded beautiful.第二，谓语是及物动词leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。如：He entered the room and got his book.误：The room was entered and his book was got.She had her hand burned.误：Her hand was had

25、burned.,第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place,break out,belong to,lose heart,consist of,add up to等。如：The fire broke out in the capital building.误：The fire was broke out in the capital building.第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。When we got to the top of the mountain,the sun had already risen

26、.误：The sun had already been risen.After the earthquake,few houses remained.误：After the earthquake,few houses were remained.第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：I taught myself English.误：Myself was taught English.We love each other.误：Each other is loved.,10.在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结

27、构来表示，例如：据说It is said that 据报导It is reported that 据推测It is supposed that 希望It is hoped that 众所周知It is well known that 普遍认为It is generally considered that 有人建议It is suggested that 1)It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.2)It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.,三、单项选

28、择题：()1.Woolen clothes are used _keeping us warm.A.of B.by C.for D.in()2.Are these fridges made_?A.in China B.in Chinese C.of China D.from Chinese()3.-Where are bananas _?-_ grown in South China.A.grow,Its B.grown,Its C.grown,Theyre D.grew,Theyre()4.The League _ in May,1922.A.is founded B.was founded

29、 C.is built D.was built()5.The strange thing with three legs_.A.used to drink B.are used for drinking C.is used for drinking D.used for drinking,C,A,C,B,C,()6.TV programmes can_ to the other side of the world.A.send B.be sent C.make D.be made()7.Older people must_ politely.A.speak to B.be spoken C.be spoken to D.say to()8.The moon always _ around the earth.A.goes B.travels C.turns D.A,B and C.()9.Many people _English in the world.A.speak B.speaks C.spoke D.are spoken.()10.We must _ our homework every day.A.be finished B.finish C.are finished D.finished,B,C,D,A,B,