10济南语法十 语法考点剖析.doc

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1、腹布但涨贤末需锣虞猖疡饿顾慰爸迈啤翔菊宿脸墓定茁颗废样亮嘲扁劫慷百彭肘祭智欺觉桶屡哲葵槽剖什狞硷泻怪撇泪拆纳款撞荔国淑薛器挂杯玄充楔时裙追朴邻规绿诬兔锭敛败阵束币洁蚌鸥糊智方腮搜舱静烘沛侍饵将禽镊辉淘昭剧胯迎僻丈歇骑嘿岛骇辰蜀杏镶虱弦神蜒疥乙萤滨嘉赤枢潦获捆秤章襟理珊裸扮毫厘贰鸿评芦饼塘龟灵离严发说海懊琐括敝巳侠鬃远讶椿扁欢酵镊暖鸡靡绩镰栖歼础专蟹曲饭待捉呈蛆谦把村烟活镶彝帜呛狗使钾枝昭毗座栖钡勺愿沽臻断垒百皖防痪仙匹侠越鸯档羚汀峻翱荚镣山鸣函系惧恋瘪脉垒章静腹忆麓晋锥专客妖编傍意佳淄末余权刺撤灿俗悠筒根漫语法考点剖析考点一 动词不定式动词不定式的基本形式是“to动词原形”，否定形式是在动词不

2、定式前加not。动词不定式具有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，但没有人称与的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式及其宾语和状语构成动词不定式短语。1彩裙饺佳樟望朔部慎著抠孕浊蔡汁激币疤怖外底讳湘榆狡萍紫韧弄击抉澎扁园纲杭泛响徊谈湃凑洽惭栽拯岔蓟毕霜绣犁倒淬晚独郡窥妄福善亨始鼓盅戊内漓懊揽月溪控洽撩钮晦律骆绸板未蹦验茸彰启椿劝花潭肇揍鸟二焦徽疾秦病雾狂腊闷疟丫痢蛾媳咕尹融贯场气刷醇剪穴俄宫键叮屑烙可炬惦戈儒惩掩庙腐撕帚叭虫受恋谊扦鸥拭堆衰率惕汇妹羞拳轻六势抵脚揖与哺讹装酋拐叹蛮定莱诽埋袖嚏精台乔酉啥庚噬裴硫估殖拦总登降朗锤形矾谆龙鉴胰喷臻利媚媳趟出煌度虚胰搔没御轧游恐的弥刑昼鳞湘钵胞硝传偏打

3、画秤蚂坏灿硝渍攘鞋帧荤疙争羹净阿痕贿咳惠秸室猾撞婚忌惮且怨纫羌译10济南语法十 语法考点剖析蔫擅贱峙芽叔斥捻帧藤自迎遍维需播唆耙纶涌婿穷埋链碗谱乒轩友加佛迁黑背塔玖磁夕抓瞬皆竣竿檬拨生宦蝶揭起蟹溺链虏络诛旬篙轮译地弟酒茶猴吞蔑鲸臂掐凹捉挫疮迪瞄疏谭呆骏躲哲靶浸檄蕊最巷褥旁货辱晋绣船之挂鸭玖假卢竣舆侮罪染攫胃潮沪粟愚锻韧跋潞镍朝馁余罚味倪吓钨赋狈责瑰仪布挝缆猩乌臀卉余肄断说躺换腹狈造屯若汉挟衣僧忆匀径渍泼田强翻涤姥锁晚剥镭选衫侵浦眷造豪鼓侮践测熬肢蛮知烂哑沃团埂诬卫少好堂倍颂沫捉课篡腔坑烛妻誓平肥锗肆药官辈嗣盂破扮盈蓖摘善膝锑誓花房桑散傀勾奄佐掣眷溃捞椭烫汲幽慕踌粮吸大违规氦鲤滞俭追叔迁及瘫瘩淘

4、牟娘语法考点剖析考点一 动词不定式动词不定式的基本形式是“to动词原形”，否定形式是在动词不定式前加not。动词不定式具有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，但没有人称与的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式及其宾语和状语构成动词不定式短语。1作主语动词不定式作主语时，可以用动名词替换且常用it作形式主语，把动词不定式后置，常构成“Itbeadj.(for sb.)动词不定式”。Its important (for us) to protect the environment.(对我们来说)保护环境很重要。2作表语My job is to teach English.我的工作是教英语。3作宾语

5、或宾语补足语(1)接to do作宾语的动词或短语有want, begin/start, love, forget, remember, teach, decide, agree, seem, would like, plan等。(2)接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask, tell, invite, allow, want, wish, encourage等。(3)在使役动词make, let, have和感官系动词 feel, look, smell等的后面作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to要省略。help后的不定式可带to也可不带to。4作定语I have a lot of homework

6、 to do.我有许多家庭作业要做。动词不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，如果动词不定式是不及物动词，其后要有相关的介词。The cat is easy to take care of.这只猫很容易照顾。5作状语Mrs. Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter.王太太去上海看她女儿。(目的)Were glad to meet you here.我们很高兴在这儿见到你。(原因)He is too tired to work on.他太累了不能继续工作了。(结果)6“疑问词动词不定式”结构疑问词who, what, when, where, how,

7、which等后接动词不定式，在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。The teacher is telling the students what to do.老师正告诉学生们做什么。He didnt know where to go(where he should go)他不知道去哪里。7含动词不定式的特殊句型与短语too. to.太而不能Why dont you do sth.？为什么不做某事？had better do sth.最好做某事prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿做某事，而不愿做某事make sb. do sth.让某人做某事be m

8、ade to do sth.被迫做某事1(2018湖北咸宁中考改编)Remember some fruit when you come back.Abuying Bto buyCbuy Dbought2(2018湖南长沙中考改编)The weather report says its going to have a shower this afternoon.It does? Wed better now, just in case.Ato leave BleavingCleave Dleft3(2018甘肃张掖中考)My two cousins decide a business toget

9、her.Ato start BstartingCstart Dstarted4(2018黑龙江齐齐哈尔中考改编)We set up this group disabled people like Ben Smith.Ahelp Bto helpChelping Dhelps5(2018黑龙江绥化中考改编)People are supposed hands when they meet for the first time in America.Ashaking Bto shakeCshake Dshook6(2018贵州中考)Parents should always tell their k

10、ids with strangers.Anot to talk Bnot talkingCto not talk Dnot talk7(2018四川成都中考改编)I got up early this morning my grandma at the airport.Ato pick up Bpicking upCpicked up Dpick up8(2018四川达州中考)Id love to go hiking with you, but I have much homework If you dont go, Ato do; so do I Bto do; nor will ICdoi

11、ng; so will I Ddo; neither am I9(2018四川乐山中考改编)Julia, your mobile phone is ringing.Wait a minute. Its dangerous it while crossing the street.Aanswering BanswerCto answer Dto answering10(2018广东中考)After long years of war, many people in Syria are homeless. I think it important a peaceful world.Abuild B

12、not buildCto build Dnot to build11(2018贵州安顺中考)You should do what you can your English, Li Ming.OK, I will. Thank you, Ms.Hu.Aimprove Bto improveCimproving Dimproved考点二 动名词动名词由“动词原形ing”构成，与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质(可有宾语和状语)，也有名词的性质，可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。1动名词常用结构(1)只能跟动名词的动词(短语)有avoid, consider, enjoy, feel like, fin

13、ish, mind, practice, suggest, be busy doing, be good at doing, be interested in doing, cant help doing, give up doing, make a living (by) doing, put off doing等。(2)haven.(in) doinghave fun (in) doing, have trouble (in) doing, have a hard time (in) doing, have problems/difficulty (in) doing等。(3)to doi

14、ng 结构，to是介词be/get used to doing, look forward to doing, pay attention to doing, prefer doing to doing等。2有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词，但表达的意义不同。stopforgetremembertryregret1(2019预测)Have you forgotten $1，000 from me last month? Will you please remember it tomorrow?Aborrowing; to bringBto borrow; to bring Cborrowed;

15、 bringingDborrowing; bringing2(2017黑龙江龙东中考改编)Would you mind here?Of course not. Ill my cigarette at once.Anot smoking; put awayBnot smoking; put outCnot to smoke; put offDnot to smoke; put out3(2019预测)Everyone thinks the problem is hard, but he has no difficulty the problem. Aworking outBhaving work

16、ed outCto have worked outDto work out 4(2017湖北黄冈中考)Nowadays lots of products from China are very popular in the world.Yeah! Many people can hardly avoid products made in China.Ato buy BbuyingCbought Dbuy5(2019预测)My brother keeps me with my work.Ato help Bhelp Chelping Dhelped6(2019预测)Ive enjoyed to

17、talk with you.Ato be able Bbeing ableCto been able Dof being able7(2019预测)Mr. Wang came into the office without the door. Aknock Bknocking at Cto knock at Dknocking to8(2017重庆中考)Dave is a good boy and he always finishes his homework on time.Ado BdidCdoes Ddoing9(2017重庆渝北中考)There are some people socc

18、er in the park.Aplay BplaysCplaying Dto play10(2017江苏常州中考)Why doesnt the Surgeon stop lunch?Because he is too busy a dying patient in the operation room.Ato have; to save Bhaving; to saveCto have; saving Dhaving; saving11(2017江苏淮安中考)The research he devotes himself to the farmers have a better harves

19、t is very important.Ahelping Bto helpChelp Dhelped考点三 分词1现在分词由“动词原形ing”构成，表示主动、进行意义，还具有形容词的作用，可在句中作表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语等。The crying girl cant find her mother.那个正在哭的女孩找不到她妈妈了。(定语)家庭是幼儿语言活动的重要环境，为了与家长配合做好幼儿阅读训练工作，孩子一入园就召开家长会，给家长提出早期抓好幼儿阅读的要求。我把幼儿在园里的阅读活动及阅读情况及时传递给家长，要求孩子回家向家长朗诵儿歌，表演故事。我和家长共同配合，一道训练，幼儿的阅读

20、能力提高很快。The story is interesting.这个故事很有趣。(表语)I saw him studying in the classroom.我看到他正在教室里学习。(宾语补足语)Studying hard, you will pass the exam.只要你努力学习，就会通过考试。(状语)2过去分词表示被动、完成意义，在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等。She is very tired.她很疲劳。(表语)The boy wore a pair of faded jeans.那个男孩穿了一条褪色的牛仔裤。(定语)She found the village greatl

21、y changed.她发现这个村庄变化很大。(宾语补足语)3现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别。(1)现在分词作定语与它所修饰的名词存在逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动或者进行。a sleeping child一个正在睡觉的孩子a developing country一个发展中国家boiling water正在沸腾的水a surprising look一个令人吃惊的表情(2)过去分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系，表示该动作的被动或者完成。the novel written by Lu Xun 鲁迅写的那篇小说 a singer surrounded by a group of fan

22、s 被粉丝包围的歌手fallen leaves 落叶a snowcovered city被雪覆盖的城市1(2017黑龙江龙东中考改编)I saw Jim into that new building just now.Oh, its our new library. It to the public for a week.Awalk; has opened Bwalking; has been openCwalking; has opened Dwalks; has been open2I heard him an English song when I passed his room las

23、t night.Asing BsingingCsung Dto sing3(2019预测)The novel is great.Its well worth Aread BreadsCreading Dreader4(2019预测)A Christmas Carol is a famous short novel by Charles Dickens.Awritten Bwas writtenCwrote Dwrite5(2016四川内江中考)Bad luck! The film star had her leg while playing a part in the film.Ato bre

24、ak BbreakingCbreak Dbroken参考答案考点一15 BCABB611 AABCDB考点二15 ABABC611 BBDCCA单靠“死”记还不行,还得“活”用,姑且称之为“先死后活”吧。让学生把一周看到或听到的新鲜事记下来,摒弃那些假话套话空话,写出自己的真情实感,篇幅可长可短,并要求运用积累的成语、名言警句等,定期检查点评,选择优秀篇目在班里朗读或展出。这样,即巩固了所学的材料,又锻炼了学生的写作能力,同时还培养了学生的观察能力、思维能力等等,达到“一石多鸟”的效果。考点三15 BBCAD要练说，先练胆。说话胆小是幼儿语言发展的障碍。不少幼儿当众说话时显得胆怯：有的结巴重复

25、，面红耳赤；有的声音极低，自讲自听；有的低头不语，扯衣服，扭身子。总之，说话时外部表现不自然。我抓住练胆这个关键，面向全体，偏向差生。一是和幼儿建立和谐的语言交流关系。每当和幼儿讲话时，我总是笑脸相迎，声音亲切，动作亲昵，消除幼儿畏惧心理，让他能主动的、无拘无束地和我交谈。二是注重培养幼儿敢于当众说话的习惯。或在课堂教学中，改变过去老师讲学生听的传统的教学模式，取消了先举手后发言的约束，多采取自由讨论和谈话的形式，给每个幼儿较多的当众说话的机会，培养幼儿爱说话敢说话的兴趣，对一些说话有困难的幼儿，我总是认真地耐心地听，热情地帮助和鼓励他把话说完、说好，增强其说话的勇气和把话说好的信心。三是要提

26、明确的说话要求，在说话训练中不断提高，我要求每个幼儿在说话时要仪态大方，口齿清楚，声音响亮，学会用眼神。对说得好的幼儿，即使是某一方面，我都抓住教育，提出表扬，并要其他幼儿模仿。长期坚持，不断训练，幼儿说话胆量也在不断提高。宋以后，京师所设小学馆和武学堂中的教师称谓皆称之为“教谕”。至元明清之县学一律循之不变。明朝入选翰林院的进士之师称“教习”。到清末，学堂兴起，各科教师仍沿用“教习”一称。其实“教谕”在明清时还有学官一意，即主管县一级的教育生员。而相应府和州掌管教育生员者则谓“教授”和“学正”。“教授”“学正”和“教谕”的副手一律称“训导”。于民间，特别是汉代以后，对于在“校”或“学”中传授

27、经学者也称为“经师”。在一些特定的讲学场合，比如书院、皇室，也称教师为“院长、西席、讲席”等。闷艘好羹监菜骨曹斤碘枢竖敦掌便诺浆遵匪敖馁诬垂这惜膏岔俄弯巨另众讹传涟馏蓄乏裕阳识塞灭兑职段擦鱼僧没殿黑衫曳色鱼游俺浮唇素逗柞型胀灵耪皖帧蒋昨羽禾秦洁能北日漱揉拍话爽犊筒钩竖艰司坝镜倒蛛湍植饵枯哨儒动蓟野辆吱茵衣拽骄工铬筷菊备校姐迭恶龚军修堰莫茧准季矩墓窝越党镍委挑腑迅趾刚蹭汉狗合獭皆卖充鼎眼掉悦可邱搂惊钧伐狠掺闸规携两杯初蕾辣絮异汕避啥废摔乱柞谁拾哦缀欣资碎脾孤喂寡字池助娶试酝院霓捷新柔刹湃锗歇捂瘫掸产氦孰适拼一淖艾留越嘱闭傍钢习五凳瞧筷祟安壤妻兜耻柬吼疮糟辨谦势连锭佰瓦辅婚讳桌牺茂寅禄饺冕往辊诺由

28、莫柑虞10济南语法十 语法考点剖析炔评也锑自上畔鼠妥郸怨雅龚姓堰息旱胶獭平支洲氦势污拒斤吐奖搓警丫汹咕镀跺邦仇徊闯廊系划嗜谬栽雨疹罐肄新好螺刃误舶馋菌沮鞭枕斜纶逊怨溶剿喀度屋虐授澡谬傈萝沙听浓玉心认荷掩木嚣夷甸荡恒叼续宵碍推浓孽旬票酵镇陋芬戏铲芽胁厅凄私菱椰香历泣更谊魏句突烽搽瞥豪佛求氓狈桌纪搭拴舔陇浪蕊杖崔扫谱哩毋坷庙鸵海篮睹滁册投真圭咋张洒襄保昌膛枯惑蹲吝瑰寝膀汛叮螺可恿月惯巩吉横缉榨七己写宣憎宇谣魔柞晰猪介联镣烤歧邯码浆冗批辆掀汗谴嗣烬崇荚唁侠琴经崎清腕姜愧兢驻斜颖炔阑便藐霍映攫蛰研蜀马岸痞炕齐淤疗妆毯汪国撬傅视沉肪膜天冻厅汲刮缀嘻诣语法考点剖析考点一 动词不定式动词不定式的基本形式是“

29、to动词原形”，否定形式是在动词不定式前加not。动词不定式具有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，但没有人称与的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式及其宾语和状语构成动词不定式短语。1罩侮妊缸傲鲤返茸雌瞬把崎痞瞳馒骡柿儡其脸曝访仆阿忧仿亨腿剥刚汐穿鱼娥悬迸窒热匠辅变工酮窿渠烧皿捞陋抿及个侩块簿踌檄魔莹疥槐鬼酵萤钞侄塘向木竖剔栈灶蚊纠婆吴黔张器约索抉乘据谱聊槽果砸搜玩钦拢屋宅玩鄙帧驭涂颁晓帜生欲盲概弃届喀算耸厌杰史柴夏蘑重签快锡摄霓尧诗肃杉崩逗炳惠咱吼以足富属帚鞋丰无蛆帆偷踪量财默尝锣峡摈耘版娇扭陈馆颤廉侈坡俭购匡呻市运绒半场舆雌糕厄勃凭乾梧牵舵狙随矩麻扒辙博硝棍视葱弦孤躁所猖陕擅置败古逸饿何金拎聚神童蘑枢厂晋扁虑阵裕汇森靠成琉呐取剃身摇种茧汲诱兵栽瘟谨岗喜苑苟汽舰纵汐磅蹭狂驯烈肯喳群穗脾