必修五 1.8Unit 1 Great Scientists .ppt

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1、新课标人教版课件系列,高中英语必修5-1.8,Unit 1 Great scientists,1.Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?,B.Archimedes,C.Thomas Edison,A.Charles Darwin,2.Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?,A.Marie Curie,C.C

2、harles Darwin,B.Gregor Mendel,3.Who invent the first steam engine?,A.Thomas Newcomen,C.Thomas Edison,B.Archimedes,4.Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children.,A.Thomas Edison,C.Archimedes,B.Gregor Mendel,5.Who discovered radium?,A.Marie Curie,C.Newt

3、on,B.Zhang Heng,6.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?,A.Stephen Hawking,C.Thomas Edison,B.Archimedes,7.Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?,A.Gregor Mendel,C.Marie Curie,B.Leonardo da Vinci,8.Who invented a lamp to keep

4、miners safe underground?,A.Sir Humphry Davy,C.Faraday,B.Thomas Newcomen,9.Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?,A.Charles Darwin,C.Watt,B.Zhang Heng,10.Who put forward a theory about black holes?,A.Stephen Hawking,C.Copernicus,B.Archimedes,Speaking activity,

5、Discuss in groups of four,which field do you want to contribute yourself to in the future?One takes down the groupmates opinions,after that,report the groupmates opinions to the whole class.,Speaking(3m),基础知识自测,一、单词拼写 根据读音、词性和词义写出单词。1._ 5hAndl n.柄；把手v.处理2._ E5nauns vt.宣告；通知3._ i5mi:djEtli adv.立即；马上4

6、._ kEn5klu:d vt.&vi.结束；推断出5._ ri5pi:t vt.&vi.重复；重做6._ kjuE n.治愈；痊愈 vt.痊愈7._ iks5pEuz vt.暴露；揭露8._ vju:n.看法，见解；景色9._ E5diFEn n.增加；加10._5bAkwEd adv.&adj.向后地,handle,announce,immediately,conclude,repeat,cure,expose,view,addition,backward,11._ strikt adj.严格的，严密的12._ ri5dVekt vt.拒绝13._ bleimv.责备；谴责 n.过失；责备

7、14._ kEm5pli:t adj.完成的 vt.完成，结束15._ kEn5trEul vt.&n.控制；支配16._ 5vaiErEs n.病毒17._ E5tend v.看护；照料；出席；参加18._ 5endVin n.发动机；引擎19._ di5fi:t vt.击败；战胜 n.失败20._ in5strQkt vt.通知；指示；教导,instruct,strict,reject,blame,complete,control,virus,attend,engine,defeat,二、单词运用 根据句子的结构和意义，在空格处填入一个恰当的单词或者用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1.Wil

8、son_ Jason by about a meter and won the race at last.2.Keep indoors and dont_ your skin to the sun,or youll get sunburned.3.The other day Henry lost_ of himself and hit his wife,but later he made an apology to her.4.After thinking long hard about it,weve c_ that the right decision is to move to Chic

9、ago.5.By a_ the parts of the sentence we can learn more about English grammar.,defeated,expose,control,conclude,analysing,6.The c_ I like best in her is her modesty and kindness.7.A_ in her papers,she didnt notice my coming.8.The result of this examination will be_(宣布)tomorrow.9.Apart_ the construct

10、ion mentioned above,you have also learned the following phrases.10.Although he had tried to ignore them,all his mathematical calculations led_ the same conclusion:that the earth was not the centre of the solar system.,to,characteristic,Absorbed,announced,from,三、词语派生 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1.The news was so_

11、(inspire)that all of us were_(inspire).2.We must prevent the water from_(pollute).3.We should study hard and be ready to make greater _(contribute)to our country in the future.4.He did not show any_(enthusiastic)for our new plans.5.The May 4th_(move)of 1919 is very important in the history of China.

12、,inspiring,inspired,being polluted,contributions,enthusiasm,Movement,6.There was a large_(attend)at the meeting.7.There used to be a kind of what was called“literature of _(expose)”in the 1980s in China.8.The arrival of canals was of great_(valuable)to many industries.9.He is very cautious about com

13、mitting himself to anything while his brother is very_(cautious).10.He took a step backward in order to take three steps_(backward).,attendance,exposure,value,incautious,forward,四、词语互译 将下列词组或短语译成中文或英语。1._ 蒸汽机 2._ 提出 3._ 得出结论 4._ 也；另外 5._ 将和连接起来6._ 除之外；此外 7._ 对严格 8._ 通向；导致 9._ 有意义；说得通,steam engine,pu

14、t forward,draw/make a conclusion,in addition,link to,apart from,(be)strict with,lead to,make sense,10.point of view _11.cure sb.of a disease_12.attend(on)sb._ 13.make up _14.the way _e to an end _16.take up _17.know about _18.look into _,态度；观点,治愈某人嫉病,看护/照料某人,和解；化妆/装；虚构（故事等）,道路；方法；程度,结束；完成,开始从事；占据,知道

15、；了解,调查；研究,五、词组运用词组填空 根据句子提供的语境，从第四大题中选出一个适当的词组并用其适当的形式填空。1.Several important plans_ at yesterdays meeting.2._,the children were taught how to play the piano.3.Differences of opinion_ heated discussion.4.Thank you very much for the information,Sir and Ill get one of our detectives to_ the matter.,wer

16、e put forward,In addition,led to,look into,翻译填空 根据汉语意思，从上述短语中选出一个恰当的词组完成句子。5.在经过了长期的繁荣之后，这个家族最终走向灭亡。After a long period of prosperity,the family_.6.除了沉溺于电脑游戏，他似乎无事可做。_ his being addicted to the computer games,he seems to have nothing to do.7.这段不知所云的文章读起来很费劲。The paragraph which doesnt_ is hard to rea

17、d.,came to an end,Apart from,make sense,句子翻译 从上述短语中选出一个恰当的短语翻译下列句子。8.你在国外时，是哪些好心人在照料你呀？_?9.他擅长编故事。_.10.五十岁时，他开始从事一门新的职业，对于这个职业他一直梦寐以求。_.,He began to take up a new career at the age of fifty,which he had been dreaming of.,Which kind people were attending(on)you when you were abroad?,He is good at mak

18、ing up stories.,六、语法填空 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个恰当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。John Snow was 31_ well-known doctor in London in 32_ 19th century.He wanted to find the cause of cholera in order to control 33_.In 1854 when a cholera broke out,he began to gather information.He marked on a map where all

19、the 34_(die)people had lived 35_ he found that many people 36_ had drunk the dirty water from the water pump died.So he decided that the 37_(pollute)water carried cholera.He suggested that the source of all water supply 38_ examined and new methods 39_ dealing with polluted water be found.Finally,“K

20、ing Cholera”was 40_(defeat).,a,the,it,dead,and,who/that,polluted,(should)be,of,defeated,Grammar,一、过去分词作定语1、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义，常作前置定语。eg：a lost animal 一只迷路的动物 a used stamp 一枚用过的邮票 an injured finger 一个受伤的手指 a broken coin 一枚破损的硬币 a lighted candle 一支点燃的蜡烛 注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。e.g.：spoken English 英语

21、口语 written exercises 书面练习,少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义fallen leaves 落叶 the risen sun 升起来的太阳the advanced countries 发达国家 drunken man 一个醉鬼a returned student 一名留学生 a retired teacher 一名退休教师an escaped prisoner 一名逃跑的囚犯 by-gone days 过去的岁月,2、过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和或完成意义。e.g.：How I regretted the hours wasted in the

22、woods!我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊I like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。e.g.：The books written by Lu Xun are popular鲁迅写的书很受欢迎Well go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago 我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。,Practice:Change the following Past Participle into clauses.1）He told us of the great wrong do

23、ne to him.=He told us of the great wrong _ to him.,which had been done,注：本句中的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成。,2）The United States is a developed country.=The United Stated is a country _.,which has developed,注：本句中的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。,3）Have you noticed the bridge being built there?=Have you noticed the bridge _ there?,

24、which is being built,注：本句中的过去分词作定语，表示被动的动作正在进行。,二、过去分词作表语1、过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。e.g.：Everyone present is very inspired at his speech 听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。You seem frightened.你似乎受了惊吓。,2、过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，强调主语的特点或所处的状态；而被动语态中，主语是动词所表示动作的承受者。e.g.：This shop is now closed 这

25、家商店现在已经关门了。(状态)This shop is closed at 6 pm everyday 这家商店每天6点关门。(动作）,Practice:Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative.,1.丢了钱他自责不已。He _ about losing the money.2、你为什么总是看上很疲劳？这些日子睡得好吗？Why do you always _?Do you sleep well these days?3.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。I _ the film I saw l

26、ast night,I had expected it to be better.,got blamed,look so tired,was disappointed with,4.听说那位明星死了，人人都很惊讶。Everybody _to hear the death of the famous film star5.要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。The children _ going to the zoo6.他的伤口感染了一种新病毒.His wound _ a new virus,was shocked,are really excited about,became infected w

27、ith,Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company,_ as 3M.A.knowing B.known C.being known D.to be known,高考链接,B,解析：答案B。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，3M与know之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动。,2.The disc,digitally _ in the studio,sounded fantastic at the party that night.A.recorded B.recording C.to be recorded D.ha

28、ving recorded,高考链接,A,解析：答案A。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，disc与record之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示。,3.Dont use words,expressions,or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge.A.being known B.having been known C.to be known D.known,高考链接,D,解析：答案D。know与words，expressions，phrases构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。,4.The flowers _ sweet in the

29、botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt,高考链接,B,解析：答案B。此处为现在分词作定语，修饰flowers。smell为系动词，不能用于被动语态，相当于which/that smells sweet。,Language Data Bank,Language points for Reading I Language points for Reading II,1.John Snow was a well-known docto

30、r in London-so famous,indeed that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies.,约翰.斯诺曾经是一位著名的医生-他的确太富盛名了,以至于维多利亚女王生孩子时都是他去照料,帮助她顺利分娩.,attend v.(1)to take care;give attention 注意,留意.如:,Well attend to the solution of that problem later.,Language points for reading I,(2)to take good care o

31、f(a sick person,for example)照看,照料.如:,医生照看病人.,The doctor attended the patients.,(3)to be present at 出席,到场.如:attend school 上学attend a lecture 听讲座attend church 去教堂attend(at)a wedding 出席婚礼,2.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.,exposed to cholera 在句子中是

32、过去分词用作后置定语,表示被动.意为“患霍乱的”.如:,The book written by LuXun is very popular.鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的.,昨天我们看见的那个人是史密斯先生.,The man seen by us yesterday is Professor Smith.,发散思维：exposed adj.暴露的，暴露于风雨中的，无掩蔽的exposedness n.暴露，显露,开放思维:expose to 使易受，使受 expose sth to the light of day 把某事暴露于光天化日之下 expose a fraud 揭穿骗局,3.So many t

33、housands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.,every time 在这里是连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“每次，每当”,e.g.Every time I meet him,I always think of the things happened between us.,每次见到他，我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。,注意:immediately,the moment,directly,instantly 等与 every time一样，都可以用作连词引导时间状语从句，意为“一.就”。如：I will giv

34、e the letter to him immediately I see him.我一见到他就把这封信给他。I came directly I got your letter.我一接到你的信就来了。,4.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.,absorb.into 吸收 如：,e.g.The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organizati

35、on.,这家大公司逐渐将这些小的公司吞并了。,absorb v.(1)吸收（液体）；承受；承担.如:(2)to occupy the full attention,interest,or time of;engross 吸引；使专心；使全神贯注 如:,我们不能承担这些费用。,作家全神贯注的进行写作，忘了弹去雪茄烟的烟灰.,The writer was so absorbed in his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.,Well not absorb these charges.,他发现在两条街道上霍乱流行的特

36、别厉害，在十天之内就死去了五百多人。,5.He found that in two particular streets,the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people had died in 10 days.,severe v.(1)unsparing or harsh,as in treatment of others;strict 严厉的；苛刻的；严格的.如:The severe trainer has gone abroad.You can breathe freely again.(2)causing shar

37、p discomfort or distress;extremely violent or intense;very serious.剧痛的，剧烈的，严重的，难熬的 如:a severe attack of toothache.,要求苛严的教官已经出国.你可以完全放心。,牙痛的剧烈发作。,这张地图提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。,6.The map gave a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.,valuable(1)adj.worth of a lot of money 值钱的，贵重的 如：The watch is valua

38、ble.这表很值钱。a valuable diamond.贵重的钻石。,(2)adj.having great usefulness or value 如:valuable information(3)n.(常用复数形式)sth that worth a lot of money.如:Cathy kept her valuables in a safe.,重大的消息,凯西把她的贵重物品藏在保险箱里.,7.It seemed the water was to blame.看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮水了。,be+动词不定式，可以表示该做或不该做的事情，相当于must,should,ought to

39、等。如：,No one is to leave this building without the permission of the police.没有警察的允许谁也不准离开这栋楼。You are not to drop litter in the park.公园里不允许乱丢纸屑。,8.Next,John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.其次，约翰.斯诺调查了这两条街的水源。,look into 看.里面；to investigate 检查；了解。如：Well look into this matt

40、er together.我们将一起调查这个问题。,开放思维：look on 观看，面向，旁观，看待look out 面朝，留神，照料look over 从上面看，察看，检查look around 环顾，观光，察看look through 看穿，审核，浏览，温习look up and down 仔细打量，到处寻找look after 寻求，照顾，关心,9.In addition,he found two other deaths in another parts of London that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.除此之外，他发现在伦敦

41、的另一个地方有两个死亡的病例与宽街爆发的霍乱有关联。,in addition adv.as well as 另外 如：In addition,the course also produces practical experience.此外这门功课还提供了实践的基础。,linkto.把与连接；联系 如：Fingerprints linked the suspect to the crime.指纹证实了嫌疑犯的犯罪事实。be linked to 连接 如：The two towns are linked by a railway.,10.With this extra evidence John

42、Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the disease.,announce v.to make known publicly 如：The captain announced that the plane was going to land.,有了这个证据，约翰.斯诺就能够肯定的宣布，这种被污染的水携带病毒。,机长宣布飞机就要着陆了。,1.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the s

43、ky make sense.只有你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。only if 只有；只要。当以only引导的短语或状语从句放于句首时，为了加强语气，句子需要倒装。1)Only if a teacher page permission is a student allowed to enter the room.2)Only by shouting and waving his hands could he be noticed.,Language points for reading II,make sense 讲得通；有道理 1)看这里，读这个句子，好像一点也讲不

44、通。Here,read the sentence.It doesnt seem to make sense.2)你编的故事我听不明白。Your story doesnt make sense to me.,2.He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。with the planets goin

45、g round it是with+宾语+宾语补足语的结构，在句中作状语。这一结构在句中常作定语或状语，作宾补的可以是介词短语、过去分词、形容词、副词或动词不定式等。现将其基本形式归纳如下：,With+n./pron.+介词短语 He sat there with a smile on his face.(2)With+n./pron.+副词 With Mr Smith away,weve got more room.(3)With+n./pron.+不定式 With so much work to do,he could not go home.(4)With+n./pron.+现在分词 The street was quiet with no buses running.(5)With+n./pron.+过去分词 In came a man with his hands tied back.(6)With+n./pron.+形容词 He wrote a shirt,with the neck open,showing his bare chest.,