语法虚拟2013.ppt

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1、Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气,英语动词有三种语气,用来表示说的话不是事实或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。,陈述语气,祈使语气,虚拟语气,We are not ready.（陈述）Dont forget to close the window.（祈使）I wish you could go with me.（虚拟）,What kind of subjunctive mood have we learnt before?,REVISION（1）,1.wish 型虚拟语气,4.1234型虚拟语气,2.as if/though 型虚拟语气,5.条件句中的虚

2、拟语气,3.would rather型虚拟语气,1.wish 的宾语从句,现在：过去：未来：,过去时（were）,过去完成时,would/could/might+V.should,我希望我和你们一样年轻。(be)我真希望我没犯那样的错误。(make)我们希望父母不会逼迫我们做我们不愿意做的事。(force),REVISION（2）,I wish I _you.,(现在),How I wish I_ such a mistake.,（过去）,We wish our parents_ what we are not willing to do.,（将来）,were as young as,hadn

3、t made,wouldnt force us to do,2.as if/as though后的表语或状语从句,含义,动 词 形 式,例句,现在,过去时形式,He looks as if he knew the little girl.,过去完成时形式,过去,It appeared as if nothing had happened.,将来,The man looks worried,as if sth.bad would happen on him.,would/could/might+do,(与wish相同),practice,1.They both talked as if they

4、_ friends before.A.would be B.should be C.had been D.have been,2.他谈起巴黎来，就好像他到过那儿似的。(be),He talks about Paris as if he_.,had been there before,as if,3.would rather(宁愿)后的宾语从句,含义,动 词 形 式,例句,现在,将来,过去时形式,I would rather he took me over thecrossing.,过去,过去完成时形式,I would rather youhadnt told me thetruth.,练一练:

5、,1.I would rather he_ tomorrow than today.(come)2.I would rather you _ me now.(pay)3.我倒希望他们那天和我一起去。I would rather they_ with me that day.,came,paid,had gone,_,_,_,4.表示要求/命令/建议动词后的宾语从句,常见动词：一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即1.insist 2.order,command 3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,desire,require,request这些动词后面的宾语从

6、句要使用虚拟语气。即从句中的动词 使用（should）+动词原形。,我们建议Tom 去休息一下。(rest)他坚决要求我参加会议。(attend)国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。(kill)他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。(send),We suggested that Tom_.,He insisted that I_.,The king ordered that the prisoners_ the next day.,They requested that we_ work there.,(should)have a rest,(should)attend the meeting,be kil

7、led,(should)send them to,I suggest that we(should)finish the work at once,but he insists that time is enough and we can have a rest.,注意：如suggest,insist不表示“建议”或“坚持要某人做某事”，而用它们本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。,1.The guard at gate insisted that everybody _(obey)the rules.2.He insisted that she_(be)seriously ill

8、 and that she_(send)to hospitals at once.3.He suggested that we_(have)a meeting at once.4.His pale face suggested that he_(be)ill.,obey,was,be sent,have,was,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气常见的词有：order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire,_,Its suggested that the plan be carried

9、 out.My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.,主从,表从,同从,条件从句,If 从句的谓语形式,主句的谓语形式,5.虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。,现在,过去时（were）,would/could/should/might+V.(原）,过去,过去完成时,would/could/should/might+have+p.p.,未来,1.过去时 2.should+V.3

10、.were to do,would/could/should/might+V.（原）,1.If I had HIV,I would know because I would feel sick.2.If I were you,I would give AIDS patient a hug.3.If I had taken your advice,I wouldnt have made a mistake.4.If he had been there,it wouldnt have happened.,与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,5.If it should rain tomorrow,th

11、ey wouldnt go for an outing.6.I think we could do it,if we planned it properly and could borrow the tools.7.If we were to have three days off,we would enjoy a very happy life.,与将来事实相反,1.I dont have a cellphone.If I had one,_ _for me to get in touch with others.(convenient)我没有手机。如果有的话，我和别人取得联系就很方便。2.

12、_now,we should read it again.(have)要是现在有空，我们就该把它再看一遍。3.If _alcohol last night,I could have driven my car home.(drink)（2011年湖北）如果我昨晚没有喝酒的话，我就可以将车开回家。4.If I were to do it,_it in a different way.Unluckily,its unlikely that I will get the chance.(do)要是我做，我就用不同的方法做。不幸地是，我不可能有机会。,it would be convenient,If

13、 we had time,I would do,I hadnt drunk,Think about the following sentences and try to find something special.,Without the new paints and the new technique,we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces.没有新的颜料和新的绘画手法，我们就不能看到很多杰作。Without the impressionists,many of these paintings might not exi

14、st.如果没有印象派，那么着许多不同风格就不可能存在。But for the effective measures taken by the government during the earthquake,we would have suffered even greater losses.要不是地震期间政府采取了有效措施，我们遭受的损失会更大。,_,_,Without,Without,But for,含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气,1.含蓄条件句 通过其他方式而不用条件从句表示的假设情况称之为含蓄条件句。,用with,without,but for(要不是)等介词短语、分词短语或连词otherwi

15、se(否则，要不然)来代替条件从句。,=If I had been given five more minutes,=If it hadnt been for your help,（现在）,（过去）,（过去）,地球上如果没有水和空气，人就会死。Man would die without air or water on the earth.=if there were no air or water on the earth.如果再给我五分钟，我就解出那道题啦。Given five more minutes,I would have worked out the problem.要是没有你的帮助

16、，我就不可能完成这件事。But for your help,I couldnt have done it.,2.But for John,we _ the match last week.A.would have lost B.would lose C.had lost D.lost,Practice:,would have lost,But for,1.当时我生病，要不然我就参加运动会了。(take)I was ill at that time,otherwise I _the sports meet.,would have taken part in,If I had not been i

17、ll at that time,3.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball,otherwise he _ a goal.A.had scored B.scored C.would score D.would have scored,would have scored,otherwise,4.Without electricity human life _ quite different today.A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be,Without,would be,Without

18、the new paints and the new technique,we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.没有新的颜料和新的绘画手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时代著名的杰作。,_,If the new paints and the new technique had not been discovered,从句表明与过去相反,We would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for whic

19、h this period is famous.,主句,主句表明与现在相反,？,without,从句？,错综时间条件句 中的虚拟语气,2.错综时间条件句 有时虚拟条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致（如一个是过去发生的，一个是现在或将来发生的），这是两个动作需要按照各自的时间来调整，我们称之为错综时间条件句。If he had studied hard before,he would be a college student now.（从句与_事实相反，主句与_事实相反）If it rained now,the crops should be saved.（从句与_事实相反，主句

20、与_事实相反）,过去,现在,现在,将来,If he hadnt missed the train,he would arrive here now.,If I had not been busy,I would have come.,If he hadnt missed the train,he would have arrived here then.,If I were not busy,I would come.,If I am not busy,I will come.,比较:,错综时间条件句,主从句一起表明与过去相反,过去,现在/将来,陈述语气,Practice:假如你接受了我的意见

21、，你现在就会好得多。,You much better now if you my advice.,would be,had taken,要不是你误了公共汽车的话，我们现在正在听音乐会呢,If you_ the bus,we _the concert now.,hadnt missed,would be enjoying,其他句式中的虚拟语气,3.在下面的定语从句中Its(about/high)time+that（现在）该,should+V.,过去时,你该走了。,我们该去睡觉了。,Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should

22、go.,Its time that we_.Its time that we_.,不可省,went to bed,should go to bed,4.If only(要是.就好了)引导的感叹句中 If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again!,要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。（live）要是我没错过火车就好了！（miss）,If only our parents _us!,If only I _the train!,(现在),（过去）,（将来）,coul

23、d live with,hadnt missed,具体用法同wish虚拟语气,5.虚拟语气在某些主语从句中的运用,It is necessary that everyone be there in time.大家按时到达那里是必要的。Its a pity that he should be so ill.他竟然病得这样厉害，真是太遗憾啦。It is suggested that he should go to HongKong for holidays.有人建议他去香港度假。Its natural that she should do so.她这样做是很自然的。Its important th

24、at we should take good care of the patient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。,1.It is strange that he _ interest in much of his research.A.should have lost B.would lose C.had lost D.will lost,should have lost,2.It is necessary that the problem _ at once.A.solves B.should solve C.should be solved D.will be solved,should

25、be solved,6.在有even if/though引导的让步状语从句的主从 复合句中 主从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含非真实条件句的虚 拟语气相同,eg.即使林涛在这儿，我也要这样说。Even if Lin Tao were here,I should say the same thing.即使生病了，他也要去办公室。Even though he were ill,he would go to his office.,Even if I_ with you then,I_ much for you.A.would be;wouldnt be B.were;shouldnt have do

26、neC.had been;wouldnt do D.had been;shouldnt have done,_,_,_,_,虚拟语气中其它应注意的问题,注意1.在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用“were”，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。,If I were you,I would go to look for him.如果我是你，就会去找他。,If he were here,everything would be all right.如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。,典型例题_ to do the work,I should do it some other day.A.I

27、f were I B.I wereC.Were ID.Was I,答案C.在虚拟条件状语中如果有were,should,had这三个词,可把if省略,变成 were,should,had+主语的形式。,注意2.虚拟条件句中的省略和倒装。条件从句中有should，were，had三个助动词可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。If I were you,I would give it up.Were I you,I would give it up.If it had not been for your advice,we couldnt have got over the difficulti

28、es.Had it not been for your advice,we couldnt have got over the difficulties.,If I had had time,I would have run round that lake again.Had I had time,I would have run round that lake again.If there should be a flood,what should we do?Should there be a flood,what should we do?,1._ fired,your health c

29、are and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.(2006湖北）A.Would you be B.Should you be C.Could you be D.Might you be,Should you be,2._ it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will,Should,3._ your letter,I would have written back two days ago.A.If I received B.Should I receive C.Had I received D.If I could have received,Had I received,