综合填空(zeng).ppt

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1、中 考 英 语 综 合 填 空 题,综合填空也叫短文填空，是近年来许多省市英语中考中普遍采用的一种测试题型。其特点是将一篇短文中的10个词抽出后，要求根据首字母填空。一、综合填空题的命题特点综合填空题短文的题材很广泛，有故事、文化习俗、科普小品、体育等；考点不明确：凡涉及英文的理解、词汇、语法和习惯用法的都可以考；内容是包罗万象：天文地理、历史人文、科技发展、旅游广告等。综合填空题比完形填空题难，其原因是综合填空要求同学们在读通、读懂的基础上，填出符合内容和语法的单词或词组。凡是课文中学到的词汇和语法都是考试的范围，各种介词、副词和习惯用法也会经常考到。尤其是长句子，特别要注意其结构，要看准句

2、型句式，要着力从谓语动词五大特征（人称、数、时态、语气）来确定主谓结构，抓住体现主要结构的词语，而不能把精力平均分配，一个字一个字地抠。,2012年,2013年,命题趋势：,纵观近三年的综合填空题，整体命题的短文篇幅逐年缩短，考查难度较往年有所降低，如其中考查的数词，名词，皆为送分题。另外，运用动词的恰当形式填空，考查了学生的时态基础，主要为过去时。,中 考 英 语 综 合 填 空 题 答 题 技 巧,Be confident!We are great!,一、弄清文章大意,要跳过空格，浏览全文，理解文章的大意，特别要注意读懂文章的第一句，这一句通常不设空格，它对我们理解文章的主旨起着非常重要的

3、作用。在理解文章的主旨大意之后才开始做题。,二、作好句法分析,通过句法分析弄清楚要填的词是在句中充当主语、谓语还是宾语等。如果是主语或宾语，要填的应当是名词或代词；如果是谓语，要填的就应是动词；如果是在名词前作定语或者在系动词后作表语，要填的应当是形容词；如像We _busy.He _fine.之类的句子，busy，fine都是形容词，也就是说句中还无动词，这一定是填系动词be，look等。,三、考虑词形变化,是名词或代词要考虑是该用单数还是用复数；是人称代词是用主格还是宾格；如果是动词就要考虑是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；是谓语动词是主动语态还是被动语态，还要考虑该用哪一种时态；是非谓语动词是用

4、-ing形式，不定式还是用过去分词。等等。切不可一确定是填哪个单词后，就在不作任何考虑的情况下填上去。,四、注意固定搭配,根据空格前后之间的固定搭配关系来分析。如be good at，be interested in，make progress，at least，at most，at last，in this way，pay a visit to，take care of，a lot of，have a population of，get on well with，have a party，give sb sth，ask sb to do sth，be/get used to，spenddoi

5、ng，sothat等等。,就是利用上下文的意思与结构来填空，这个上下文可能是空格所处的那个句本身的前部分和后部分，也可能是空格前后的那个或那几句子，还有可能前后段落或对整篇文章的理解。有时甚至还要结合常识进行简单的逻辑推理才能准确判断出该填哪个词。,五、利用上下语境,七、抓住语篇标志,如but，althoughfirstthenfinally等等。,八、别忘所给提示,一定要结合所给的首字母或者供选择的词汇来考虑。,以上几个方面必须综合起来考虑，才能迅速准确解答好这类大题。,解题步骤,（1）看懂第一句话，抓住文章的中心思想。如果第一句话很容易看懂，看完第一句话便可以开始往下做题；如果第一句看不懂

6、，则要根据文章的难度要么读完第一段，要么看一下每一段的第一句话，要么把开头和结尾都了解一下。总的原则是，切忌不了解文章大意就开始做题。,（2）一旦开始做题，不要因某道难题停留太久时间。做题以了解文章的大意为前提，一旦开始做题，就应该根据你抓住的线索快速做出反应，趁思路清晰、语感流畅，把握好整篇文章的大局。如遇到个别难题，可以暂时跳过去或初拟一个答案，说不定后面会有对这道题的提示。如果停滞不前，不但会打断思路，造成时间上的紧张，而且往往无济于事。要知道随着文章的空越来越少，整篇文章的意思就会越来越清楚，意思越明白，做题就越顺手。,（3）初选过后，应根据上下文调整和对答案。由于选答案时讲求一气呵成

7、，初选过后还应根据上下文对有疑问或把握不准的答案进行推敲。这时可使用结构分析、找关键词、前后对照、排除干扰等做题方法，重点解决一些疑难问题。,（4）重读文章，从语义和逻辑的角度检查文章是否有问题。一篇好的综合填空，把答案补充完整后应该是一篇优秀短文，如果文章读起来通顺流畅、条理清晰、逻辑性强，则说明取得了好成绩，反之则存在种种问题。,需要注意的问题,（1）语义、语法的衔接不是孤立地存在。具体做题时需要既联系语义、逻辑，又要注意有无惯用或结构上的固定搭配。,（2）选项为实词时，注意其前后有无词汇同现、复现现象，有无形成固定搭配的可能性。,（3）选项为介词时，要看其能否与前后的名词、动词构成习惯搭

8、配。,（4）选项为连接词时，主要考查上下文中的逻辑关系，如转折、让步、原因、结果、比较、对比及递进关系等。做题时需联系上下文，不可孤立地只看一句话。,（6）熟悉常用的语法规则和结构。,（5）熟悉常用的逻辑过渡词，注意名词、动词、形容词与介词的固定搭配关系。,British Milkman Steve Leech saved some shops and flats(公寓)with milk and won a National Bravery Awaid.Leech,35 years old,said that when he was sending out milk as u_(1)alon

9、g Pine Street,he s_(2)heard a loud,strange sound behind him and then he saw smoke coming out of a shop in Cornwall,southern England.That must be a fire,I t_(3),Leech said.Then I quickly d_(4)to do something.So I p_(5)the door in and then I s_(6)for the people inside.Then I started pouring milk e_(7)

10、.He used 320 pints of milk to stop the fire.When fire fighters r_(8)the shop,the fire was under control.Leech helped save the 1_(9)of eight people in the flats above the shops.It was hard work o_(10)all those bottles.But it was even harder trying to tell my boss where all the milk had gone,Leech sai

11、d jokingly.,1.usual。as usual 意思是“像往常一样”。,2.suddenly。空后是“动宾”结构，此处应用副词，suddenly指事情的突然。,3.thought。前面的must be 表示“推测”，所以用“thought”比较合理。,4.decided。依据前面的“thought”和后面的一系列动作.decide to do sth.用于表示“决定做某事”。,5.pushed。后面是“door”又要填一个以“p”打头的词，push the door(推门)搭配合理。,6.shouted。里面着了火，进门后“shout”更合情理。,7.everywhere。前面句子主

12、、谓、宾具全，结合后面的“used 320 pints of milk to stop the fire”显然是用奶灭的火。用“everywhere”表明“到处都是奶”。,8.reached。结合文意和语法结构，动词后是名词，显然要用一个以“r”打头的及物动词。,9.lives。the lives of eight people意指“八条人命”。,10.opening。结合上下文倒奶救火、救人。倒奶容易，但“开那么多奶瓶”确是不易。注意，这里的opening是动名词，作句子的真正主语,British Milkman Steve Leech saved some shops and flats(

13、公寓)with milk and won a National Bravery Awaid.Leech,35 years old,said that when he was sending out milk as u_(1)along Pine Street,he s_(2)heard a loud,strange sound behind him and then he saw smoke coming out of a shop in Cornwall,southern England.That must be a fire,I t_(3),Leech said.Then I quickl

14、y d_(4)to do something.So I p_(5)the door in and then I s_(6)for the people inside.Then I started pouring milk e_(7).He used 320 pints of milk to stop the fire.When fire fighters r_(8)the shop,the fire was under control.Leech helped save the 1_(9)of eight people in the flats above the shops.It was h

15、ard work o_(10)all those bottles.But it was even harder trying to tell my boss where all the milk had gone,Leech said jokingly.,suddenly,usual,thought,decided,pushed,shouted,everywhere,reached,lives,opening,A rich man was once riding a 1 the road and saw an old man digging in his garden.On the groun

16、d lay a young tree,ready to be p 2.The rich man called out to the old man,“What k 3 of tree are you planting there,my good man?”“This is a fig(无花果)tree,sir,”he said.“A fig tree?”the rich man was very surprised.“How old are you,may I ask?”“I am ninety years old.”“W 4!”cried the rich man.“Youre ninety

17、 years old.You are planting a very young tree now and itll t 5 years to give fruit.Could you l 6 long enough to get any fruit from this tree?”The old man looked around the garden.Then he said with a smile,“Tell me,sir.Did you eat figs w 7 you were a boy?”“S 8,”the rich man didnt know why he asked th

18、is question.“Then tell me this,”he said.“Who planted the fig trees?”“Why?I dont know.”“You see,sir,”went on the old man.“Our forefathers(祖先)planted trees for us to enjoy and I am doing the same for the people after me.”The rich man was quiet and said,“You are r 9,my good man.We should do some good t

19、hings for the p 10 after us.Thank you very much.”Then he rode away.,people,along,planted,kind,What,take,live,when,Sure,right,On October 12,1989,some Chinese scientists were working at the computers to look for the information they needed.Suddenly they saw a lot of very bright spots crossing the scre

20、ens.At the same m 1,they stopped their work to c 2 some parts of the computers.To their horror(惊骇),they found out that most of their stored(储存的)information was got rid of by computer viruses(病毒)!Obviously all these computers had been infected(感染)by computer viruses.It is s 3 that the computer viruse

21、s were made by a group of young men like p 4 tricks(恶作剧).They all had excellent e 5.They created the viruses just to s 6 their intelligence(智力).This kind of computer viruses are n 7 Jerusalem Viruses.These viruses can stay in computers for a long time.When the time comes they will attack the compute

22、rs by lowering(降低)the functions,damaging their normal programs or e 8 getting rid of all the information.We now come to know that Jerusalem Viruses often attack computers on Fridays and they are spreading(传播)to a lot of computers.The c 9 that suffered from this kind of computer viruses include Britain,Switzerland,America and some other countries.But till now how to get rid of the terrible viruses remains a p 10.,moment,check,said,playing,education,show,named,even,countries,problem,