李昊(主谓一致).ppt

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1、主谓一致,Subject-Verb Agreement,1.Time and tide waits for no man.2.Bad news has wings.3.There are no secrets to success.It is the result of preparation,hard work,and learning from failure.4.All things are difficult before they are easy.5.Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.,Guess the

2、 meaning,岁月不待人。,坏消息传千里。,成功没有诀窍.它是筹备,苦干以及在失败中汲取教训的结果。,万事开头难。,生活没有目标，犹如航海没有罗盘。,The verb of a sentence has to agree with the subject in“person(人称)”and“number（数）”.,What is Subject-verb agreement?,Three General Principles:,3.Grammatical agreement(语法一致原则),2.Notional agreement(概念/意义一致原则),1.Proximity(就近原则),

3、The boy _ diving.,They _ diving.,Both Jack and Tim _ diving.,All of them _ diving.,is,are,are,are,Finish the following exercises:,What is grammatical agreement?,If the subject is plural(复数),the verb should be _.If the subject is singular(单数),the verb should be _.,plural,singular,4,The group _ made u

4、p of nine students.,The group_ dancing happily.,is,are,what is notional agreement?,If the subject is a singular(单数)noun,but the meaning is plural(复数),the verb should be _.,plural,Do exercise and summarize the grammar rules of agreement between subject and verb in groups.The grammar rules can be spok

5、en in Chinese.Group 1 exercise 1-3Group 2 exercise 4-7Group 3 exercise 8-10,Discovering special grammar rules,Exercises and Rules,Ex.1.1)Reading English papers and magazines _helpful to our study of English.(is/are)2)Whether he comes or not _ of no importance.(is/are)3)To say _ one thing;to do _anot

6、her.(is/are)4)Listening,speaking,reading and writing _four skills for English study.(is/are)5)Where to find the plant and what to do with it _still the problems to settle.(is/are),is,is,is,is,are,are,Rule1:When an infinitive(不定式),gerund（动名词）or noun clause(名词性从句)is used as the subject,the verb is oft

7、en_(单数还是复数).When more infinitives,gerunds or clauses are used as the subject,the verb is _.,singular单数,plural复数,Ex.2.1)He and I _(be)both students of this school.2)Both bread and butter _(is/are)sold out.3)Bread and butter _(is/are)a daily food in the West.,are,are,is,4)The novelist and the actress

8、_ to themeeting.(have come/has come)5)The novelist and actress _(visit)our school today.,visits,have come,Rule 2:When the subject is A and B,or both A and B，we usually use _(单数谓语还是复数谓语).But when the subject means one person or object,we use _(单数谓语还是复数谓语)，此时and后面的可数名词无冠词。,plural verb复数谓语,singular ver

9、b单数谓语,Ex.3.1)The teacher,together with his students,_(be)planting trees in the street now.2)These three books,as well as that book,_(be)bought yesterday.3)No one but your parents _(be)there then.,is,were,was,Rule 3:,When the subject is,the numberof the verb dependson the number of_(A/B).,A,A,Ex.4.1)

10、Somebody _(be)waiting for you outside.2)Nobody _(know)the answer.3)Each of us _(have)something to say.4)EachEvery student_ a dictionary.,is,knows,Grammar rule 4:When the subject is modified(修饰)by each,every or no,when the subject is each of+pron.(pl.)复数代词,or when the subject is“each,either,somebody,

11、anybody,nobody,everybody,everything,nothing,something“,the verb takes a_(单/复)form.,singular单,has,has,None of the money was left.None of the cars was/were damaged.Neither dog is big.Neither of them know/knows the answer.,Ex.5.Observe the sentences and summarize the rules of how to use neither and non

12、e.,Rule 5:When none/neither of+_(哪种名词)is used as a subject,the verb can be singular(单)and plural（复）.But when none/neither of+_(哪种名词),the verb should be singular(单).neither+c.n.(单数)or neither alone is used as a subject,the verb should take a singular(单)form.,n.(c),u.n,Rule 6 When all,most,some,etc.is

13、 a subject,the verb form is_(单/复),which is decided by the noun it stands for.,Ex.6.1)Most of the apples _(be)rotten(烂了).2)Most of the apple _eaten by a rat.3)Now all _(have)been changed.4)All _(be)present at the meeting now.,plural or singular,were,was,has,are,Ex.7.1)Three fourths of the students _(

14、have)finished their composition.2)70%of the money _(be)spent by Tom.3)Part of the apple_ been eaten up.,have,is,Grammar rule 7:When“half,most,part,the rest,lots,a lot,some,all”或“分数或百分数+of+n.,the verb should agree with_.,has,the noun,Ex.8.1)The old _(be)taken good care of here.2)The injured _(be)save

15、d after the fire.3)The beautiful_(live)forever.4)The wounded_(was/were)a young boy.,rule 8:When“the+adj./分词”(the blind,the deaf,the poor,the young,the dead,the wounded,the living)is used as a subject,the verb usually uses a _(单/复)form.但表示一类物或指个体时,谓语动词单数.,lives,are,was,plural复,were,Ex.9.1)The class(i

16、s,are)more than forty in number.2)The class _(have,has)disagreed among themselves about where they should go and have a picnic.3)The government _(has,have)spent more than two million yuan in planting trees.4)The city government _(has,have)different opinions about next years plan.,is,have,has,have,ru

17、le 9,plural,singular单,Ex.10.1)Either you or she _(have)dropped the waste paper here.2)There _(be)a cup of tea and some apples on the table just now.3)Not only the students but also the teacher _(wish)for a holiday.4)There _(be)two shops and a cinema beside the railway station.,has,was,wishes,are,Rul

18、e 10:In these situations,A or Beither A or Bneither A nor Bnot only A but also Bnot A but B is used as a subject orthere/here+be A+B 句型,the verb should agree with the subject _(far from/close to)it.,close to,Here is a Magic box.There are several numbers in it.Put up your hands quicky to pick them.Th

19、ey may give surprise to You!,Its time for games,3,8,4,9,5,1,6,2,7,Magic Box,Magic Box,Number 1 1 points,Please choose the best answer,When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A.has not been decidedB.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided,A,Every possible means _ to prevent air pol

20、lution,but the sky is still not clear.(上海2000春)A.is used B.are used C.has been used D.have been used,C,Please choose the best answer.,Number 2 1 points,Magic Box,Magic Box,Number 3 4 points,Please fill in the blanks.,Each of the students,working hard at his or herlessons,_(hope)to go to university.T

21、hey each_(have)a dictionary.,hopes,have,Please fill in the blanks.,Most of the apples _rotten.Most of the apple _ eaten by a rat.,were,was,number 4 4 points,Magic Box,Magic Box,Number 5 3 points,Please translate the sentence into English.,今天早上,不是你就是她迟到了.,Either you or she was late this morning.Or:Ei

22、ther she or you were late this morning.,Magic Box,Number 6 3 points,Please translate the sentence into English.,这个既是教师又是作家的人是她的朋友.,The teacher and writer is her friend.Or:The writer and teacher is her friend.,Magic Box,Number 7 4 points,Please speak at least one sentence according tothe picture,usin

23、g grammar rules we learnedtoday.,Magic Box,Number 8 8 points,Please speak at least two sentences according tothe picture,using grammar rules we learnedtoday.,Bob,Bob _ a worker.,is,Mike,Mike and Bob _ workers.,are,Both Mike and Bob _ workers.,are,Neither Mike nor Bob _ a teacher.,is,Bill,Neither of

24、them _(know)how to teach English.,knows/know,All of them _ workers.,None of them _(know)how to teach English.,are,knows/know,二、语篇练习,Class One(1)_(have)50 students and two thirds ofthem(2)_(be)boys.Miss Zhang as well as the whole class(3)_(be)on the playground now,and they are having aP.E.class.Each

25、boy and each girl(4)_(look)very excitedbecause they like doing sports and doing sports(5)_(be),good for their health.,This class(6)_(work)very hard and maths(7)_(be)their favorite subject.There(8)_(be)many certificates of merit on the wall.Not only their teachers butalso the headmaster(9)_(like)them

26、 very much because allof them(10)_(be)very excellent.,has,are,is,looks,is,work,is,are,likes,are,Number 9,Magic Box,Congratulations,You are lucky.You dont have to answer any question.You can get 2 points!,Self evaluation,Are you familiar with grammar rules of agreement between subject and verb now?Can you do the exercises correctlyaccording to the rules?Are you active this class?Who is the most active student this class?,