高三语法：数词和主谓一致.ppt

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1、数词和主谓一致熟读深思熟读下列各句，思考其中数词的用法及运用主谓一致的三个原则。1.Several million people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day.世界上每天有好几百万的人在发电子邮件。2.Thousands of fans are waiting for the singer.成千上万的歌迷在等待着这位歌手。,3.Three dozen of them are League members.他们中有三十六人是团员。4.Three score of people are girls.有六十个是女孩。

2、5.Our classroom is three times the size of theirs.我们的教室是他们的三倍大。6.Tom has four times more money than I have.汤姆的钱比我的多四倍。7.The line is longer than that one by twice.这条线比那条线长两倍。,8.Her mathematics is weak.她数学差。9.This pair of glasses is very expensive.这副眼镜很贵。10.The number of people invited was fifty,but a

3、 number of them were absent for different reasons.被邀请的人数是50，但是很多人由于各种原因 缺席了。11.Mr.Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday.格林先生和他的孩子们每个周日都去公园。,12.When and where to go for the on-salary holiday has not been decided yet.何时何地休这个带薪假还没有决定下来。13.Either of the two stories is interestin

4、g.这两个故事都很有趣。14.When he came back,nothing was the same as before.他回来时，一切都和以前不一样了。15.Ten pounds was missing from the till.钱柜里的钱丢了10英镑。,16.The disabled are well taken care of in this country.在这个国家残疾人受到很好的照顾。17.Either you or the headmaster is to hand out the prizes to those gifted students at the meetin

5、g.在会议上要么你要么校长给那些有天分的学生 颁奖。18.There is a computer and some books on the table.桌子上有一台电脑和一些书。,归纳总结1.数量的确指和概指（1）基数词hundred,thousand,million等表示 确切数目时，词尾一般不加“-s”，其前可用 several,some,many等修饰。（2）当表示概指时，其词尾要加“-s”，与of 连用，其前不能用数词修饰。（3）dozen与数词或many,several等连用时，不 用加“-s”，所修饰的名词前常省略of。如果 所修饰的名词前有these,those,them,us

6、等词 时，其后必须加of。（4）score前面有具体数字时，一般不用复数形 式，其后常与of短语连用。,2.倍数的四种表达方式：（1）主语+谓语+倍数+as+形容词或副词原级+as+比较对象（2）主语+谓语+倍数+the+度量名词+of+比较对 象（3）主语+谓语+倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than+比较对象（4）主语+谓语+形容词或副词的比较级+than+比较对象+by+倍数,3.主谓一致的语法一致原则（1）以-s结尾的国名、地名或学科名作主 语时，形式上是复数，但是谓语动词用单数。（2）主语是“a series of,a kind of,a piece of,a pair of等+名词”

7、结构时，谓语动词用单 数。（3）“a number of+名词复数”作主语，谓语 动词用复数；“the number of+名词复数”作 主语，谓语动词用单数。,（4）主语后有with,together with,along with,except,besides,as well as等短语时，谓语动词的数要和这些短语前面的名词的单复 数保持一致。（5）表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或从句 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。（6）“one/either/neither/each of+复数名词 或代词”作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。（7）something,everything,nothing等作主

8、语 时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。,4.主谓一致的意义一致原则（1）表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复 数名词作主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词 用单数。（2）“the+形容词/分词”结构指人时，谓语动 词用复数；如果表示抽象的概念，谓语动词用 单数。（3）主语为family,team,group,government等 集合名词时，如果看作一个整体，谓语动词用 单数；如果侧重其中的个体,谓语动词用复数。,（4）分数、百分数，all,some,the rest,the remaining,part of等作主语时，谓语动词的单 复数根据其指代的含义确定。（5）what引导的主语从句作主语时，谓

9、语动词 的单复数要取决于作表语的名词的单复数。（6）一些单复数形式相同的名词作主语时，要 根据其具体意思决定谓语动词的单复数。（7）such作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要 根据其意义而定。,5.主谓一致的就近原则（1）由either.or,neither.nor,not.but,not only.but also等连接的并列 主语，谓语动词的单复数要与最靠近的主语的 单复数保持一致。（2）在倒装句及there be,here be结构中，谓语动词往往与最靠近的一个主语保持一致。,试题精选1.How did your students express their thanks to you o

10、n Teachers Day？A gift,together with many flowers sent to me by my students.A.isB.are C.wasD.were 解析 题干中句子的主语是A gift,介词短语 together with many flowers在句中用作状语,故谓语动词应用单数形式,因动作已在过去发生,故用一般过去时。,C,2.Mike,what did our monitor say just now？Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who to visit the museum as

11、ked to be at the school gate before 630 in the morning.A.is;isB.are;are C.is;areD.are;is 解析 分析句子意思及句子结构,该句为who引 导的定语从句,先行词是teachers,主谓要一致,故排除选项A、C;主句中的主语Every boy and every girl是单数,故该句中谓语动词需用单数,根据句子意思,选项部分为一般现在时的被动结 构。,D,3.Children under sixteen are not permitted to see such kind of films bad for th

12、eir mental development.A.that isB.that are C.as isD.as are 解析 分析句子意思及句子结构,该句为 such.as引导的定语从句,不属于such.that 引导的结果状语从句,故排除选项A、B;在 kind of+名词作主语时,其谓语动词要与kind保持一 致,故该句中谓语动词用单数。,C,4.Whats your favorite in your spare time,Jack？Writing stories and articles what I enjoy most.A.isB.was C.wereD.are 解析 分析句子意思可知

13、,该题是“动名词+名 词复数”构成动名词短语作主语。在这一结构 中,谓语动词应由动名词决定,“写小说和文 章”是强调“写作”这一概念,为单数形式,表 示现在的状态。,A,5.Are the new machines working？Yes.Three million tons of coal ex-ploited every year in the city.A.isB.are C.hasD.have 解析 句中coal(煤)为不可数名词,被 three million tons of限定,在句中作主语。这时,句 子谓语动词的数应与 of 短语中表示“数量”的名词“tons”一致,故要选复数形

14、式的谓语动 词。根据句子意思,选项部分为一般现在时的被 动结构,选项 C、D都是主动语态结构。,B,6.I have finished a large part of the novel written by Dickens,the rest of which very difficult.A.isB.are C.wasD.were 解析 根据句子意思可知,句中关系代词which 所指代先行词the novel为一整体概念的名词,应视为单数,说明代词 the rest为the novel的 一部分,也应该视为单数形式,故句子的谓语动 词为单数形式,强调现状,用一般现在时。,A,7.The gr

15、eat writer and professor,who very strict with his students.A.is an old man;is B.are both old men;are C.is an old man and a young man;is D.are two Chinese;are 解析 句中and连接的两个名词为可以兼类的 表示人的职业的名词,当两个名词前被一个冠词 限定时,应视为单数,表示一个人；当两个名词 前分别有冠词限定时,应视为复数,表示两个人。根据句子结构,定语从句中的关系代词who指代 的先行词就是前面的单数名词,故定语从句也应 为单数形式。,A,

16、8.A large number of students in our school from the countryside;the number of them growing these years.A.is;has beenB.are;has been C.is;have beenD.are;have been 解析 a number of意思为“许多”,后必须接 复数名词作主语,谓语动词要用复数形式;the number of后接复数名词,意思为“的数 量”,主语为number,表单数意义,谓语动词要用 单数形式。,B,9.What the remote areas need edu

17、cation to children and what the children need good textbooks at the moment.A.is;areB.are;is C.was;wereD.were;was 解析 一般情况下,what引导主语从句,常表示 单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式,但当它所指的 具体内容是复数意义时,谓语动词要用复数形式。该题强调现在,用一般现在时态。,A,10.There a table,four chairs,three bikes in the courtyard,in the middle of which two tall trees with

18、great shade.A.are;isB.is;are C.has;haveD.have;has 解析 在there be句型结构中,如果有两个或两 个以上的名词位于 there be之后,用作句子的 主语时,be动词的单复数应与最靠近它的名词保 持一致,故第一空选 is;第二空为地点状语前置,属全部倒装,选项后的名词为句子的主语,为复 数名词,故谓语动词要用复数形式。选项 C、D 均为结构错误。,B,11.The Arabian Nights well known all over the world,in which many a story interesting and instru

19、ctive.A.is;areB.are;is C.are;areD.is;is 解析 题干中The Arabian Nights为书名,形 式上是复数,但谓语动词要用单数形式;如果主 语名词被 many a限定,从意义上看为复数,但谓 语动词仍用单数形式。,D,12.The young eaten up almost everything;one and a half bananas _ left on the table.A.is;areB.are;is C.has;have beenD.have;has been 解析 第一空the young意思为“年轻人”表 示复数意义,故谓语动词要用

20、复数形式,且用主 动语态;第二空“one+and a half+复数名词”,常视为单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式,且用被 动结构,选项B第一空为被动结构,不符合句子意 思。,D,13.Either you or one of your students to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A.areB.is C.haveD.be 解析 考查主谓一致的用法。either.or.连接两个主语,按就近原则来确定谓语的单复 数。one of your students谓语应用单数形式。,B,14.Did you go to the show last n

21、ight？Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area invited.A.wereB.have been C.has beenD.was 解析 主语是every boy and girl,表示单数 概念,故谓语动词用单数,且询问昨晚的情况,有 明确的过去时间,所以应选择was。,D,15.A survey of the opinions of experts that three hours of outdoor exercise a week good for ones health.A.show;areB.shows;is C.show;isD.shows;ar

22、e 解析 本题考查主谓一致。由a survey可知第 一个空用shows,首先排除A、C两项;第二个空前 的时间状语three hours of outdoor exercise a week表示抽象概念,看作单数,故其谓语动词 用单数形式。,B,16.Ten years ago the population of our village was that of theirs.A.as twice large as B.twice as large as C.twice as much as D.as twice much as 解析 英语倍数表示法一般采用以下三种句式:（1）倍数+as+形容

23、词原级+as（2）倍数+形容词比较级+than（3）倍数+the+名词(length,width,height等 等)+of。只有B、C形式正确,另外,population 不可以用much修饰,只能用large,big作表语。故选B。,B,17.people in the world are sending information by E-mail every day.A.Several million B.Many millions C.Several millions D.Many million 解析 本题考查的是million表示确切数量的用 法。million前需用数表确切数量,

24、而不用many 这类词,但可说many millions of(上百万的),故应选A项。,A,18.There are such books here.I only need these books on this shelf.A.eight dozens;one dozen B.eight dozens of;one dozen of C.eight dozen;one dozen D.dozens of;one dozen of 解析 dozen被数词或many,several 等修饰时,不加-s,后面也不用of。two/many/several dozen pencils。但如果 dozen后有these,those,them,us等词时dozen后要接of。two dozen of us,three dozen of these eggs。故 答案为D。,D,返回,