非谓语动词 (2).ppt
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1、高考英语一轮复习 单项选择专项专题06 非谓语动词,高考链接 体验考点梳理 精讲要点知识 点拨误区警示 透析,高考链接 体验,1.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,40)Thai is the only way we can imagine _ the overuse of water in students bathrooms.A.reducing B.to reduce C.reduced D.reduce【答案】B【解析】此处考查非谓语动词。此处应该用不定式the way to do sth表示做的途径、方式。the only way to do,we can imagine 做定语,前面省
2、略了that.,2.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,35)_ the city center,we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.A.Approaching B.Approached C.To approach D.To be approached【答案】A【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。考察现在分词作状语,表示正在进行或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语,因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。,3.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,33)Lucy has a great sense of humor and always kee
3、ps her colleagues _ with her stories.A.amused B.amusing C.to amuse D.to be amused【答案】A【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。keep+sb./sth.+done,根据句意,sb.与它后面的动词成被动关系,故选A.,4.(2010高考英语重庆卷,34)Many buildings in the city need repairing,but the one _first is the library.A.repairedB.being repairedC.repairing D.to be repaired【答案】D【解
4、析】考查非谓语动词。the one指代前面提到的buildings与repair是动宾关系,由前半句房屋需要修缮可知修缮这个动作发生在need之后,所以用to be repaired.不定式的被动式作后置定语表示被动关系及动作尚未发生。,5.(2010高考英语重庆卷,30)The news shocked the public,_to great concern about students safety at school.A.having ledB.ledC.leadingD.to lead【答案】C【解析】考察非谓语动词。句意为:这个消息使警察震惊,也引起了人们对学校在校安全的关注。th
5、e news和lead之间是主谓关系,并且作shocked的伴随状语,所以leading。,6.(2010高考英语浙江卷,20)The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.A.being weighed B.to weigh C.weighed D.weighing【答案】D【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构:主语:the traffic rule;谓语动词:says;宾语从句:young childr
6、en under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat。宾语从句中的主干为:young children must be in a child safety seat。under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds用于修饰宾语从句主语children。动词weigh与名词children是主动关系,所以选择weighing。句意:交通法则规定四岁以下并且体重不超过四十磅的婴儿必须坐在婴儿安全座上。逻辑主语young children与wei
7、gh之间构成主谓关系,应该用weigh的现在分词形式weighing,相当于“young children who weigh less than 40 pounds”,答案选D项。,7.(2010高考英语浙江卷,8)The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise,if _ regularly,can improve our health.Abeing carried out Bcarrying out Ccarried out Dto carry out【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语exercise与carry out之间
8、构成动宾关系,故用carry out的过去分词形式carried out,此处相当于if the exercise is carried out regularly的省略,所以答案选C项。,8.(2010高考英语天津卷,11)It rained heavily in the south._serious flooding in several provinces.A.caused B.having caused C.causing D.to cause【答案】C【解析】考察非谓语动词。句意为:“南方下大雨,引起南方几个省份严重洪水灾害。”下大雨同时引起洪水灾害,采用现在分词,表示主动且同时发生
9、,故选C。,9.(2010高考英语四川卷,17)The lawyer listened with full attention,_ to miss any pointAnot trying Btrying notCto try not Dnot to try【答案】B【解析】考查现在分词短语做伴随状语及动词不定式的否定式。句中listen和try not to miss为同时进行的动作,故用现在分词的一般式做伴随状语。又动词不定式的否定式要在其前加not.故选B。,10.(2010高考英语四川卷,11)In many peoples opinion,that company,though re
10、latively small,is pleasant _ Ato deal with Bdealing with Cto be dealt with Ddealt with【答案】A【解析】考查不定式主动表被动。在某些形容词后经常用不定式的主动形式表被动,此时,不定式动作和句子的主语存在动宾关系。又如:The apartment is comfortable to live in.,考点梳理 精讲,要点知识 点拨,一、动词不定式 1.动词不定式作主语 To become a good teacher was my hope.我希望能成为一名好老师。2.动词不定式作表语 通常说明或解释主语的内容
11、,也可表示将来的动作。The duties of a postman are to deliver letters and newspapers.邮递员的职责就是送信和报纸。,注意“be+to do sth.”表示按计划或安排要做的事,或表示命令、要求或用来征求意见。We are to meet at the school gate at six.我们六点钟将在校门口见面。3.动词不定式作宾语 常用的动词有:agree,promise,afford,arrange,guarantee,attempt,hesitate,seek,tend,manage,consent,offer,underta
12、ke,demand,volunteer,determine,proceed等。,4.不定式作宾补(1)常这样用的动词有:advise,command,allow,encourage,instruct,intend,beg,expect,compel,forbid,like,mean,prefer,remind,urge,order,request,permit,teach,persuade等。(2)在某些动词短语如vote for,call on,count on,rely on,depend on,long for,wait for 等后面,也可以跟不定式作补语。5.不定式作定语(1)不定式
13、用在the first,the second,the last,the only等短语后面作定语。,(2)不定式常放在某些名词和代词后面作定语。不定式作定语与被修饰的中心词之间常表现为主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系(如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词,其后要加介词)。Im not sure which restaurant to eat at.我不确定要在哪家餐馆吃饭。6.不定式作状语(1)原因状语。常跟不定式作原因状语的形容词有:happy,astonished,glad,amazed,surprised,overjoyed等。,(2)目的状语。so as to do或in order to do
14、结构作目的状语。in order to既可放在句首也可放在句尾;so as to不能放在句首。(3)结果状语。too+adj./adv.+to do意为“太而不能”。only/all too+adj./adv.+to do;too+adj./adv.+not to do意为“非常”。adj./adv.+enough+to do意为“足以”。only(just)to do表示令人失望的,不愉快的结果。,so+adj./adv.+as to do,such+n.+as to do意为“如此以致于”。有时也可用“介词+there+be”结构,不定式短语在句中作结果状语。7.“连接词+不定式”的用法连
15、接词“what,how,when,where,whether等+动词不定式”结构可作主语、表语、宾语等。What to do next remains undecided.下一步要做什么还不确定。,注意 有时这一结构也可跟在介词后面。如:I have no idea of how to solve the problem.我不知道该如何解决这个问题。8.不带to的不定式(1)在feel,hear,listen to,let,make,have,see,watch,observe,notice等后面作宾补的不定式要省去to。help后面的不定式,可以带to也可以不带to。但是当变为被动语态时,不
16、能省略to。,(2)不定式通常在介词but和except后面作宾语。在这一用法中,如介词前有实义动词do,介词后跟省去to的不定式;否则,要跟带to的不定式。(3)当主句部分有实义动词do时,作表语的不定式来确切说明do的含义时可以省略to;如没有实义动词do,表语中的to不能省去。What we can do is(to)continue waiting.我们现在能做的就是继续等。(4)在cannot but,cannot help but,cant choose but,had better,would(will,could)you please,may(might)as well,wou
17、ld rather,would sooner等习惯用法中跟不带to的不定式。,(5)在用and,rather than,or等连接两个不定式并且作用相同时,常省略第二个不定式符号to。He always prefers to start early rather than leave everything to the last minute.他总是喜欢早开始而不是把每件事情都留在最后做。(6)在why和why not后常接不带to的不定式构成问句。,二、动名词 1.动名词作主语(1)动名词可直接放在句首作主语。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。(2)动名词在“It is no
18、 use/no good/fun/useless/a waste of time/a good pleasure/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile等”结构中作主语,it为形式主语。2.动名词作表语 动名词也可作表语,用来表示主语的内容。My hobby is collecting stamps.我爱好集邮。,3.动名词作宾语 常跟动词作宾语的动词及短语动词有:admit,excuse,postpone,fancy,understand,practice,appreciate,finish,prevent,avoid,forbid,propose,consider
19、,recollect,delay,imagine,deny,involve,permit,resist,risk,save,miss,suggest,enjoy,escape,put off,cant stand,cant help,feel like,look forward to,devote to,get used to,pay attention to,be worth,object to,keep on,set about等。,4.动名词的时态(1)一般式。动名词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。By reviewing the old,you can learn
20、something new.温故而知新。(2)完成式。如果强调动名词表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常用动名词的完成式形式。Mary regrets having been idle when young.玛丽很后悔年轻时虚度时光。,5.动名词被动式(1)根据句意的需要,也可用动名词的被动式,其形式为“being+过去分词”。I cant remember having ever been given such a book.我记不起有谁给了我这样一本书。(2)在动词need,require,want,deserve后用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。其用法相当于不定式的被动结构。Th
21、e watch needs repairing.(=The watch needs to be repaired.)这块表该修了。,三、分词 分词有现在分词和过去分词,现在分词表示的意义是主动和进行;过去分词表示的意义是被动和完成。1.分词作表语 现在分词作表语常常表示主动关系或主语的某种特性,过去分词作表语表示被动关系或表示主语处于某种状态。通常情况下分词ing形式意为“令人的”,分词ed形式意为“感到”。,2.分词作定语(1)分词作定语既可放在所修饰的词之前,作前置定语;也可放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。其作用相当于一个定语从句。Where are the reserved seats?
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