初中英语语法教学的实践与思考.doc
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1、初中英语语法教学的实践与思考天河区教育局教研室 田小群随着初中英语新教材的使用,语法教学作为一个专门的教学内容在每个单元出现(介于语言输入与语言输出之间)。“语法”应该如何体现其功能?新课程理念下的语法教学应该如何进行?笔者在平时的听力、调研活动中会经常被问及到类似的问题。的确,如何进行语法教学才是有效的?笔者从不同年级三位教师的教学课例、以及广大教师对语法教学的认识等方面进行了跟踪。现从两个角度将一线教师的做法和想法呈现出来,并就其中的一些内容进行分析与探讨,试图通过课例的分析与网络的交流向教师们呈现天河的一线教师对新课程理念下语法教学的一些新思考和新实践。一、语法教学的设计与实践(课例教学
2、)【课例1】七年级授课: 王文琛(广州市华颖中学,) 课题: Countable and uncountable nouns / Demonstrative pronouns教学活动:教学步骤活动细节说明Leading in Greeting Make a brief self introduction by using the picture of “Winnie the pooh”. Using the phrases “make a friend” and “make friends” to emphasis the word “a friend” and “friends”.Finis
3、h the exercise of Page 71, and let the students summarize the function of demonstrative pronouns.用“make a friend” 和 “make friends”与学生拉近距离,同时引出本课第一个教学内容:指示代词。Preparation 1. Ask the students to talk about the of the words, and let them give more examples about nouns by looking at the gesture. 2. Compe
4、tition. Ask the students to choose one students to accept the first challenge. 3. Ask the students to show or point out the things in the pictures as quickly as possible and say out the sentences:小组合作,采用竞赛的形式刺激学生兴趣;同时在此过程中,让学生能够通过自主总结,同学间互相帮助,达到知识互补的效果,并增强同学之间的交流。Teaching singular and plural form of
5、 Countable nounsAsk the students to find out the similarities of each group and summarize the rules about them. Introduce the definition of singular and plural forms of countable nouns. The words one, a, an are the demonstrative pronouns which to modify the singular forms, while some, many, are usin
6、g to modify plural forms. How to add “s” at the end of the plural forms of countable nouns? Design some houses for the students to deliver the plural nouns according to the given rules. Ask the students to put the same forms of words into the correct house. Correct the students mistakes and tell to
7、irregular changes about ending with “oo”, “f”通过活动找出归类在同一组内的词的共同特征。并强化使用。“找房子的活动”刺激促学生积极性,同时让他们能够在活动中总结变化规律和活动后能够深化记忆。区分规则变化及不规则变化能帮助学生将知识点系统化。Teaching uncountable nouns and developmentCommon errors Ask the students to tell what are uncountable nouns and how to modify the uncountable nouns. Make a di
8、alogue as by looking at the pictures by following the example. Development:Free talk to students about buying without money.They are required to use their own way to expression. Give some simple examples but ask students to say more. 通过改错练习让学生发现句子中的不可数名词中的错误。过渡到不可数名词的学习。通过对话的练习强化不可数名词的搭配,同时通过训练拓展知识掌
9、握的运用。Post Summarize1.Give a whole summarize of the whole class, then count the final marks of each and give the funny publish. 总结全课所学,帮助学生再一次将知识系统化。Assignment 1.Book B A1 A2 A3 page 66672. Oral practise Page 68 C【分析】:1、本课内容为可数名词的复数及不可数名词的搭配,实际运用是本课的重点内容。由于名词和指示代词之间有所关联,但指示代词的学习难度不大,所以将其贯穿于与名词的搭配中使用,
10、运用于实际对话及活动中,使其得以强化巩固。2、通过小组合作的方式,让学生能够相互提醒完成学习过程中的任务。将相同的知识点或信息归类能够帮助学生更好地完成对知识的系统化(用小房子收集不同的词组形式增加学习的趣味性,同时淡化学习中文字化规则的记忆),将单词归类到对应的房子内有助于增强学习的形象性。3、通过拓展活动让学生能够运用到本课所学到的内容,用自己的语言完成句子的表述,涉及可数名词与不可数名词,帮助学生系统性总结,让知识点更深化,更简化。4、低年级的语法教学(尤其有一定语法基础的),学生学习问题的关键,并不在于解释语言规律,而在于如何运用规律,熟练掌握。因此老师要让学生在运用规律的过程中体会、
11、理解和掌握语法(规律)。本节课王老师有意识地设计了一些活动,让学生在活动中“说话”、体验规律和总结规律,使学生能用学过的语言形式(语法规则),去表达新的语言意义(内容),即运用目标规律(本节课的语法重点)表达新的语言内容(新的观点和句子,有信息沟,学生说得有意义),学生在运用规律的过程中,愉快地巩固了所学语法,达到了预期目标。【课例2】 八年级授课: 潘志宇(广州市天秀中学) 课题: 8A,Unit 3 Language(比较级、最高级)教学活动:步骤教师活动学生活动目的1.Warming up(4 mins)Compare Li Jiacheng and Bill Gates with Ss
12、Show a cartoon to SsDiscuss two richest men with teacherWatch the flash设置语境,从学生熟悉的话题入手,激发学生学习的兴趣。2. Discovery(5 mins)Ask Ss to find more sentences with comparatives and superlatives in Unit3 Reading A(2) Get them to analyze those sentences and find the rule(1) Find more sentences with comparatives a
13、nd superlatives(2) Try to think about the usages of comparative and superlative of adjectives.通过找课文原句,激发学生原有的学习知识,引导学生感知语言规律产生的语言环境。3.Practice(4 mins)Ask Ss to speak out the comparative and superlative sentences by showing the pictures.Conclude the rules of the comparatives and superlatives by seein
14、g the pictures学生体验语言规则在相关语境中的运用,并进行适当操练。4. Application(26 mins)Get the Ss to talk about the suitcase and to choose one if he or she is David.Talk about the suitcase in groups引导学生从不同方面对事物进行比较。(1) Get the Ss to use the correct forms of adjectives to fill in the blank on P39(2) Check answers(3) Get the
15、 Ss to underline the sentences with comparatives and superlatives(4) Give some useful expressions of shopping for Ss(1) Fill in the blank(2) Check answers with teacher(3) Underline the sentences with comparatives and superlatives on P39(4) Underline the useful expression of shopping让学生在语篇中运用所学语法, 同时
16、感知新语言材料中的语法。Competition:(1) Get them to make up a dialogue using the useful sentences and the grammar of comparatives and superlatives(2) Ss act out, then ask them to choose the best group(1) Make up their own dialogues in group(2) Act out dialogues设置相关的环境,使学生巩固所学语法,真实感受语法规则。(1) Give some informatio
17、n for Ss to compare two cities: New York and Guangzhou and get them to talk about in groups(2) Get them to write down the comparison (1) Talk about the information in group(2) Write the comparison of the two cities让学生在真实的语境中活用比较语法规则。5.Homework (1 min)Book B Page 42 CFind out the differences using th
18、e comparatives of adjectives (图略)The man in picture 1 is taller than the man in picture 2 Write an 80-word passage by comparing two things or two persons. At least 3 or 4 sentences with the comparatives and superlatives of adjectives. 【分析】1、潘老师在热身部分呈现两位世界富豪,引起对比!为后续比较级的语法学习提供了情景的和内容的准备,使教学环节自然、巧妙地过渡
19、到本课内容的学习!2、大量的贴近学生生活的图片和话题激起了学生潜在的学习欲望,为本课的延伸做了充分的铺垫。3、由“Discovery.PracticeApplication”是一个引导学生“自发探究体验语言规则灵活运用语言”的语言习得过程,是一个让学生“回到课本内化语言创造性使用语言”有效活动。因为活动是有梯度的,有铺垫的,用情景的,因此教学过程是顺利的、愉快的、有效的。于是语法的学习不再枯燥、不再机械、不再无效,这也是我们追求的境界。4、课后作业是课堂内容在生活中的延伸, 有基本的要求(语法),又有拓展的空间,学生自由选择,真正体现了“为用而学、在用中学、学了就用”的新课程理念。【课例3】九
20、年级授课: 李红雨(华工附中) 课题: Unit 8,Lesson 29(conjunctions)教学过程:Steps教师活动学生活动活动说明Leading-in Show some pictures of the famous peoples activities and entertainment, Ss show their own opinions by answering the questions below:问题引入:“What kind of things do you do in your free time?”Listening Lets listen to their
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