主从复合句.ppt

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1、主从复合句,1.主语从句作主语,主句谓语动词通常用单数；为使句子平衡，常用it作形式主语。2.表语从句还可以用as if，as though引导。3.表示“是否”，引导宾语从句时可用if或whether，但在介词后或直接与or not连用时,只能用whether引导；引导表语从句、同位语从句或位于句首的主语从句时，只能用whether,不用if。,用法要点提示：,4.同位语从句一般放在fact,news,idea,promise,suggestion,advice 等抽象名词之后,说明或解释这些抽象名词的具体内容。多用that引导,不能由which引导。5.当宾语从句又带有补语时，要用it作形

2、式宾语。6.在表示“建议”“命令”“要求”，如advice,suggestion，proposal，order，demand,request等词后的名词性从句,其谓语通常用“(should)动词原形”。,7 that引导名词性从句时，没有任何意义，也不作任何句子成分；但that引导定语从句时，它代表先行词，且在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。如：I still remember the promise that he made.我依然记得他许下的诺言。(是定语从句)The naughty boy made a promise that he would never make a noise.那个淘气

3、的孩子保证说他以后再也不吵闹了。(同位语从句),8.what可引导名词性从句但不能引导定语从句。what引导名词性从句,有时相当于“the+名词that”，表示“(所)的”。又如，What(=The thing that)you said was right.你所说的是正确的。,熟读深思,What worries my classmate Mary a lot these days1 is that she puts on too much weight and she is frequently ill2.She has some doubts whether she eats too mu

4、ch fast food high in fat or sugar3.Also,with the college entrance examination approaching,she becomes more stressful and she couldnt sleep well these days.Maybe this is also the cause that she becomes fatter these days4,she thinks.How she becomes slimmer and healthier5 has been her main task.,So she

5、 wants to consult some experts and gain some instructions.But where she could get better suggestions and who will give her better advice6 also puzzle her.It is her parents suggestion that she should consult Professor Wang in Zhongshan Hospital7.Professor Wang suggests that she keep a balanced diet f

6、irst8.She should eat vegetables and fruit high in fiber,vitamin and protein.,Whats more,if she wants to lose weight,she had better take regular exercise more than half an hour a day.Mary asked Professor Wang when she should take exercise9.Professor Wang advised her to take exercise at 5 oclock in th

7、e afternoon because she will have more time to do sports.Thanks to Professor Wang,Mary has become much healthier now.,汉语大意：我的同学Mary感到很焦虑是因为这一段时间胖了很多而且经常生病。她怀疑她是否吃了太多含有高脂肪或高糖的快餐。而且高考将近,她的心理压力很大所以这几天总是睡不好。,她想这也有可能造成她变胖的原因。她怎样可以变得苗条些和更健康些变成她的主要任务了。所以她想通过咨询专家来获得一些指导。但她去哪里咨询和要咨询谁呢又让她感到很困惑。她的父母建议她去中山医院咨询王

8、教授。王教授建议她首先要保持均衡的饮食。应多吃富含纤维，维他命，蛋白质及新鲜的蔬菜和水果。当然，如果她想要减肥，最好还是要每天坚持运动半个小时以上。Mary问王教授哪一个时间段适合她去运动。王教授建议她下午放学后去运动，因为她这时是有充足的时间来运动。幸亏王教授，Mary现在健康多了。,熟读深思,1.主语从句。What(=the thing that)在主语从句中作主语。2.表语从句。从句本身意思完成，也不缺任何句子成分，所以用that引导。3.同位语从句。补充说明doubt的具体内容，因doubt(疑惑)的意思本身是不确定的，故所以由whether引导。4.同位语从句。说明the cause

9、的具体内容。5.主语从句。表示“如何”变得苗条些和更健康些。,6.主语从句。去哪里向谁咨询，故分别由where,who引导。7.同位语从句。说明suggestion的具体内容，从句内容完成也不缺任何句子成分，故由that引导。8.宾语从句。从句内容完成也不缺句子成分，故由that引导。9.宾语从句。when在从句中作时间状语。,状语从句(知识网络见书P235),用法要点提示：,1.在时间状语或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用现在完成时代替将来完成时。2.辨析：when，while，as引导时间状语从句。while必须与延续性动词连用；强调主句动作延续到从句所指的整个时间时，只

10、能用while；表示“随着”只能用as；表示有规律的“每当”时或主句动作与从句动作有先后时，只能用when。,3.辨析:because，since，as引导原因状语从句。because语气最强，表示直接的原因，是说话人认为对方不知道的原因，它引导的从句通常位于主句之后；在回答why时,或者在强调结构中,只能用because。since和as是对大家已知的事实提供理由或背景，它们引导的从句多位于主句前，有时也位于主句后。,4.as引导让步状语从句时，从句中的状语、表语或动词必须置于句首；though引导让步状语从句，这些成分可置于句首也可用正常语序；但although等其他词引导的让步状语从句不

11、能将这些成分前置。5.表示“虽然”的连词不能与表示“但是”的连词but连用；表示“原因”的because等连词不可与表示结果的连词so等同时使用。,熟读深思,My mother was cooking in the kitchen while1 I was doing my school assignments.As soon as2 I finished my homework,I went to get some water to drink.Then the door bell rang.However,my sister unlocked the door before3I could

12、 open it.We were surprised the moment4we saw her because5 her clothes and face were terribly dirty.She looked much poorer than6 we expected.Since7we didnt know what had happened to her,we stood there and waited for my sisters story.,We wouldnt leave unless8my sister told us all about it.After9my sis

13、ter got changed,she told us that she fell into a ditch when10she walked on a path on her way to my uncles home in the countryside.She couldnt get out of the ditch.Although11 she cried for help loudly,no one could hear her.She tried to climb out of it,but,however12 hard she tried,she failed to escape

14、 from it.As13time went by,she got worried.,After several vain attempts she had to stand where14she was and waited until15a boy student passed by and gave her a hand.The boy reached her a long rope and told her to climb with the rope.She did as16 the boy told,so that17 she came out.My sister also war

15、ned us to be careful when18walking on a path even though/if19we are in a great hurry.Thats true.We should mind our step so that20we can ensure our safety.,汉语译文：我妈妈在厨房做饭，而我在做作业。我一做完作业就去拿水喝，这时门铃响了。然而，我还没来得及打开门，我的妹妹就用钥匙打开了门。我们看见她时，非常惊讶，因为她的衣服和脸非常脏。她看起来比我们预期的更可怜。因为我们不知道发生了什么事，我们站在那，等着我妹妹的故事。除非我妹告诉我们关于这一

16、切，否则我们是不会离开的。我妹妹换了衣服之后，就把一切都告诉了我们。她去乡下的叔叔家的路上不小心掉进了一个水沟里，而且上不来。,虽然她大声求救，但是没有人能听到。她试图爬出来，但是无论她怎么努力，都没能爬出来。时间一分一秒过去，她开始担忧起来。几个徒劳的尝试之后，她只好站在原处等直到一个男孩经过，帮助了她。男孩把一根长绳索递给她并叫她拉着绳子爬起来，她按男孩所说的去做，结果就爬出来了。我妹妹也警告我们即使要赶时间，走小路时也要小心。确实这样，我们走路小心，这样就可以确保我们的安全。,1.用于对比两件事，意思是“而”用while，不能用when/as代替。2.as soon as引导时间状语从句

17、,表示“一就”。3.before表示“还没来得及就”。4.名词词组如the moment/the second/the day/the first time/next time.等可以用来引导时间状语从句。5.引导表示原因的从句时用because,引导原因状语从句时一般放在主句之后,而如果只是名词性短语表示原因,则用because of。,熟读深思,6.在表示比较级中，用than来引导比较状语，than也可以作介词。7.对大家已知的事实提供理由或背景时,常用since引导，意思是“既然”。其引导的从句多在主句之前。8.引导条件状语从句，unless=if.not是“除非，如果不”之意。9.引导

18、表示时间先后的状语从句时,用after/before来表示，根据实际表达需要选用其一。10.when引导表示“当时”的时间状语。,11.引导让步状语从句时，可以用although或though，主句可以与副词still连用，但不能再与连词but连用了，一个复合句只需一个连词就行。当是as引导让步状语从句时，从句中的状语、表语或动词置于句首。12.however引导让步状语从句时,其后常接adj./adv.用于修饰该形容词或副词,wherever,whenever也可以引导让步状语从句,在从句中作状语,相当于no matter how/where/when,另外whatever,whoever,

19、whichever也可以引导让步状语从句。13.表示“随着”时，只能用as引导。14.引导地点状语从句时,用where/wherever，“在的地方”。,15.固定用法“直到才”可以用两种表达形式：“延续性动词+until+句子”(用肯定形式)；“not+短暂性动词+until+句子”(用否定形式)。16.引导方式状语从句时，可以用as，意思是“按照，像那样”。17.so that引导结果状语从句，从句表示的通常是某件事的结果。18.when引导表示“当时”的时间状语时，如果主句的主语和从句的主语是一致时，可以省略when从句的主语和be动词，用分词来表示。19.表示“即使、尽管”的even

20、though/if引导让步状语从句。20.so that除了引导结果状语从句，还可以引导目的状语从句，常与情态动词can/could等连用。,定语从句(知识网络见书P236),1.在限制性定语从句中which，who，whom都可用that代替。关系代词作宾语时常被省略。2.在非限制性定语从句中，或者当先行词是指人的those，anyone，everyone，people，he，all，few，one(s)等时，不能用that引导。,用法要点提示：,3.以下情况下一般用that：(1)当先行词是指物的all,little,few,much,any,anything,everything,not

21、hing,none,the one时,或先行词被all,little,few,much,any，every，no等修饰时；(2)先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时,或者先行词被序数词(包括last，next)、最高级形容词及the only，the very等修饰时；,(3)先行词包括人和物时；(4)当先行词是表示时间、地点、原因(且只能是reason)等，且这些先行词在定语从句中作状语时，就分别用when、where、why来引导定语从句。另外,when，where，why一般可用“介词+which”替代，其中reason后的why通常用for which替代。特别提醒：当先行词是表示时间、地点

22、或原因的词语时，不一定填关系副词when,where,why，只有当这些词在定语从句中作状语时，才会用关系副词，否则要用关系代词。,4.当先行词是整个主句或主句的一部分时,这类非限制性定语从句只能由which或 as来引导。两者的区别在于：(1)which引导的定语从句只能位于主句后,而as引导的定语从句可位于主句前、中、后；,(2)which常译作“这”；而as常译作“正如”,且多与see，expect，imagine，know，hope等动词连用；(3)在定语从句中作主语时，若用as，其谓语部分一般有be；若谓语是不含be的行为动词时，要用which。,(4)as 引导的定语从句只表示一个

23、众所周知或意料之中的事，而which不受此限制；(5)as 常用于固定搭配中：as is often the case(这是常有的事)，as we expected(不出所料)；as often happens(正如经常发生的那样)；as is known to all(众所周知)；as has been said before(如上所述)；as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)等等。,熟读深思,It was the summer of 2012,when1 I came to Guangning No.1 Senior High School.Our school i

24、s a wonderful place,where2 I can see a lot of beautiful buildings and a large square.Our classroom,the roof of which3 looks like a rocket in the distance,is located in the center of our school.The main reason why4 I like our school is that I can make many friends.I can get along with my classmates h

25、ere,two of whom5 are my best friends.Jack,who6 comes from Tanbu Junior High School,is very active.,He likes various sports,among which7he likes running very much.He will run 5 kilometers every day,which8 makes him look strong.Nick,whose9 father is a teacher in Lianhe Junior High School,studies very

26、hard.We often talk about the people and the things that10 we see in our school.Nick prefers the food that11 is made in our canteen.The teacher whom12 he likes is Mr.Zhang,our math teacher,while my beloved teacher is my English teacher,Miss Chen.To be honest,I gradually fall in love with our school.,

27、汉语译文：我是在2012年的夏天来到广宁一中读书的。我们学校环境优美，在这里我可以看见一栋栋的高楼大厦和一个宽阔的广场。我们班位于学校的中心，远远看去我们班上面就像一枚火箭。但我真正喜欢这个学校的原因是我在这里结交了很多朋友。我跟我的同学相处得很融洽，当中我有两个要好的朋友。Jack来自潭布中学，他很活跃。他喜欢各种各样的运动,当然他最喜欢的是跑步。他每天都坚持跑5公里,让他看起来很强壮。而Nick父亲是联和中学的一名教师,他学习非常用功。我们经常在一起谈论我们学校的人和事情。Nick喜欢我们学校饭堂的饭菜。他最喜欢的老师是数学老师张老师，而我最喜欢英语老师陈老师。说真的，我已经慢慢地喜欢上我

28、们的学校啦。,熟读深思,本文作者叙述了来到广宁中学读书后的所见所闻。1.先行词是the summer of 2012，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when(=in which,during which)引导定语从句。2.先行词是a wonderful place,在从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where(=at which)引导定语从句。3.先行词是Our classroom,直接在介词of后作其宾语,先行词是物时,只能用which。the roof of which中的of表所属关系,意为“我们的教室的屋顶”。,4.先行词是the reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，只能用why引导

29、。5.先行词是my classmates，作直接在介词of后作其宾语，先行词是人时，只能用whom。two of whom 中的of表示部分与整的关系，意为“我的同班同学中的两个人”。6.先行词是Jack，在定语从句中作主语，用who引导。7.先行词是various sports，直接在介词among后作宾语，只能用which。,8.先行词是He will run 5 kilometers every day整个句子，并在从句中作主语，用which引导。9.先行词是Nick，在从句中作定语，表示Nicks，用whose引导。10.先行词是the people and the things，既包

30、括人又包括事物，通常只用that引导。11.先行词是the food，在定语从句中作主语,故用that或which引导。12.先行词是the teacher，在定语从句中作likes的宾语，故用whom引导。,主从复合句与广东高考,主从复合句是广东高考语法填空的必考点,也是写作中必用的表达手段。解题方法：当空格前后都是句子(一个主谓关系算一个句子),且这两个句子之间没有关联词时,应填关联词;若其中一个句子是作整个句子的一个成分,如定语、状语(如时间、地点、原因、条件、让步等),或者主语、宾语、表语、同位语等时,就要填引导从句的关联词。根据一个句子在整个句子中所作句子成分确定从句类型后，就根据该

31、类从句的关联词的使用特点确定具体的关联词。,1.(2012年)_he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back,he was wrong.,因he thought与he was wrong是两个句子，且两者之间没有关联词，必定是填关联词；根据两句之间的逻辑关系，应填表示条件的If。意为“要是他想坐后排可以逃避老师注意，那他就错了”。,If,2.(2012年)Of course whenever they turned to look at him,they had to look at Mary,_made her fee

32、l like a star.,引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子。,which,3.(2012年)The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered _the boy would do.,引导宾语从句并在从句中作do的宾语,故用连接代词。,what,4.(2011年)My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me 17 _ the bus arrived.,空格前后都是句子且这两个句子之间没有关联词,

33、应填关联词;由两句之间的逻辑关系可知,是“等到车来”,表示“直到”用until,引导时间状语从句。,until,5.(2011年)Behind him were other people to _ 21 he was trying to talk.,空格前后都是句子且这两个句子之间没有关联词,应填关联词;后面一句应当这样理解he was trying to talk to the people,可见,后面一句是定语从句,先行词是people,直接在介词后应用关系代词whom引导定语从句。,whom,6.(2010年)We understand this lesson best _we rece

34、ive gifts of love from children.引导时间状语从句，表示“当时”。,when,7.(2010年)He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder _ had been his teacher.引导定语从句并在从句中作主语,先行词是表示人的an elder,故填who。,who,8.(2008年)Jane paused in front of a counter _some attractive ties were on display.,因两句之间没有连词,必定

35、是填连词；后句是定语从句,要填的词在从句中作地点状语,故填关系副词where。,where,9.(2008年)One day,he came up with an idea _ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.He did so the next day.,引导同位语从句,说明idea的具体内容;从句的结构和意义完整,用that引导。,that,10.(2007年)The head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town s

36、ome 20 kilometers away _ there was a garage.,先行词是a small town,并在定语从句中作状语,用where(=in which)引导定语从句。注意,先行词与定语从句之间被some 20 kilometers away隔开了。,where,11.(2007年).I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32 _ shoul

37、d have the honour of receiving me as a guest in their house.,因as to(关于)是介词,其后应接宾语;由should have.可知，as to后是宾语从句,宾语从句中should have是谓语,前面缺主语;由常识可知“有幸接待我”的应是人,故用who引导宾语从句。,who,此外，写作中恰当运用主从复合句可有效表达多个信息点，也可使语篇更加连贯，给文章增色，让阅卷者为你加分。,灵活运用,一、语篇填空,(1),I like reading very much.My classmates question is 1 _I began

38、to love reading.Actually,I love reading as a child.I grew up in a college town and I spent all my summer vacations in this university.What I meant was 2_ I was surrounded by libraries and the people who loved to read.3 _I went to the library to read every day was one of my favorite hobbies.,when,tha

39、t,That,My love of reading was credited with the fact 4 _my parents only let me watch an hour of TV a day.I learned to entertain myself through my mind and imagination.Its not really surprising 5 _literature became my vocation.Recently I have been reading a lot of multicultural womens legends.Jane Go

40、odall went to Africa and studied chimps instead of going to university.6 _ there are some connections between chimps and human beings puzzles me a lot.Thanks to Jane Goodall,Her research showed me the answer.,that,that,Whether,She argued 7 _wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for en

41、tertainment.After finishing her story,I still have some doubts 8 _ she could achieve great success on her own in the forest.Lin Qiaozhi,a doctor,became a specialist in womens illnesses.She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children.9 _made her succeed later on was the kindne

42、ss and consideration she showed to all her patients.10 _she didnt choose to have a family of her own is clear to me now.,that,how,What,Why,(1)作者介绍了自己喜欢阅读的原因及最近的阅读情况。1.when 表语从句。根据下一句“I love reading as a child.”可知用when引导。2.that 表语从句。that不作句子成分，没有任何意思，但不能省略。3.That 主语从句。4.that 同位语从句。说明the fact的具体内容。5.t

43、hat 主语从句。it作形式主语。,6.Whether 主语从句。7.that 宾语从句。that 在这里不作成分，没有任何意思，可以省略。8.how 同位语从句。指“怎样成功的”，故用how。9.What 主语从句。what在从句中作主语。10.Why 主语从句。why在这里表原因。,My classmate Michael studied very hard 1_ he went to senior school.Every day he worked 2 _every one left the classmate.He said he wouldnt stop trying 3 _ he

44、 got satisfying scores in his studies.Hard 4 _he tried,he made little progress,but he didnt lose heart at all 5 _ he believed as long as he persisted he would succeed one day.6 _time went by,he made improvements in his studies and he was admitted to a university in Guangzhou at last.,(2),after,until

45、,unless,as,because,As,We had a get-together party 7 _we started our new life in university.8 _ everyone had got offers from universities,we had a very good time.When we stood 9 _we used to play and study,we couldnt help thinking of our happy old days.We believed we would never forget each other,10 _

46、we would go or whatever we would do.Before we departed,11 _ we seemed a little sadder 12 _before,we still fought back the tears.,before,Since,where,wherever,although/though,than,1.after 根据语境“Michael上了高中后就开始努力学习”。2.until“直到才”是固定用法，“延续性动词+until+句子”用肯定形式而“not+短暂性动词+until+句子”则用否定形式。3.unless 根据句意“除非他取得满意

47、的成绩，否则他是不会放弃的”可知。4.as 引导让步状语从句时，从句中的状语、表语或动词置于句首，意思是“尽管”。5.because 根据前面可知“尽管他没有进步,但是他毫不气馁，因为他坚信只要他坚持,他总会成功”。,6.As 根据句意“随着时间的流逝”，只能用as。,7.before 引导时间状语从句,意思是“在之前”。8.Since 从下文we had a very good time可以推断出此从句是原因状语从句，从句在主句之前，常用since，意思是“既然”。9.where 动词stood是不及物动词,其后跟的是表示地点的状语从句,“站在曾经学习和玩耍的地方”。10.wherever

48、从下文or whatever we would do可知前面是一样的结构，从句缺状语。11.although/though 从下文的we still fought back the tears可知前面是让步状语从句。12.than 从前面的a little sadder可知比较状语从句，用than。,There was a time 1 _I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English.And this is the reason 2 _my father forced me to join in a 30-day t

49、raining in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club,3 _I met many strangers,I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.,(3),when,why,where,Fortunately,my guide,4 _teacher was Li Yang,communicated with me face to face,from 5 _

50、I gained some useful instructions.He also showed me a good partner,and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6 _we did.My father and the guide 7 _encouraged me to fall in love with