托福独立写作素材整理 技术类.docx

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1、托福独立写作素材整理技术类Somepeoplethinkthattheautomobilehasimprovedmodernlife.Othersthinkthattheautomobilehascausedseriousproblems.Whatisyouropinion?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.有些人认为汽车改进了生活，另外有些人认为汽车产生了严重的问题。你的观点如何？1汽车是主要的空气污染源段落大意：汽车尾气是空气的重要污染源，会加剧温室效应，降低空气质量。Automobilesaretheleadingcause

2、toAmericasairpollutionproblem.Carsreleasetoxicemissionsthatdamageourenvironmenthurtingourenvironmentbyaddingtothegreenhouseeffect,damagingairquality,anddecreasingtheozoneznottomentionthegrowingsmogproblems,disastersdonewithlandfillandtheeffectsdonetoourwatersupply,whichallareconnectedwiththegreenhou

3、seeffect,ozonedepletion,andairquality.2温室气体的排放增加温室效应段落大意:汽车尾气会加剧温室效应,造成气温上升,生物死亡等后果。Carsdamageourenvironmentbytheemissionsreleasedfromthecombustionsystemofanautomobile.Toxicgasesweakentheatmosphereallowingformoreinfraredraystoenter.HavingmoreinfraredraysreflectedontheEarthwarmstheEarth,raisingthetem

4、perature,causingcertainvegetationlifetodieoffzthesnowcapstomelt.CarbondioxideandcarbonmonoxidearetwogreenhousegasesthatdamageourEarthsatmosphere.Reducingtheamountofthesegreenhousegaseswillgreatlyhelpcontrollingtheseeffects.3汽车尾气对于人体有健康隐患段落大意：汽车尾气所含危害人体健康成分，会对人体健康造成很大伤害。Carsrelease30percentofthecarbo

5、ndioxideintheearthsair.Carbondioxideisreleasedfromthetailpipeofacarandcandomuchdamagetothehumanrespiratorysystem.Everytimeanautomobileburnsagallonofgasolineitreleases22poundsofcarbondioxide.Carbonmonoxideisalsoadamaginggreenhousegas.Carsaccountfor76percentofthecarbonmonoxideintheearthsair.4汽车给出行带来便利

6、段落大意：汽车为人们的交通出行提供了便利条件。TransportationplaysaveryimportantroleinAmerica.TheautomobileisthemainformoftransportationinAmerica,connectingpeoplefrompointA,topointB,.AmericaiscoveredwithroadsthattransportcarsandpeoplecouldacrosssuchareasfromtheislandsoftheFloridaKeystounderthemountainsoftheColoradoRockies.

7、Carsofferfastreliabletransportation,offeringdriversaccesstoanywherewithroads.5政府应该鼓励公共交通发展段落大意：政府应该鼓励公共交通事业的发展。Carsmightbeseenasafastandfreewaytotravel,butatwhoseexpense.Therearesolutionstofixthisproblem,Americanscansupportmasstransit,electricsourcesOftransportationzorchooseotherformsoftransportatio

8、nthatdonotharmtheenvironmentOnedayinthefuturewewilllaughathowwewouldstandaroundandadmirethedeephumofacarstailpipe.NotcaringabouthowtheemissionsreleaseddamagedourIungszandenvironment.Massivechangemustbeaddressed,reducingtheamountofdrivingtimearoundAmerica.Thiswouldbenefiteverycitizenandgenerationstoc

9、ome.ThecreationoftheautomobilehasdugAmericaadeephole.Thisholecannotbefilledinorhiddenup.Thisholecanandwillendangerhumanzslifeinthenearfuture.HoweverAmericacanchoosetostopdiggingthishole,wecanchoosetoselectalternatives.InhopethatMotherNaturecanonedayreplenishitsgoodnesstothewayitwasmeanttobe.The21stc

10、enturyhasbegun.Whatchangesdoyouthinkthisnewcenturywillbring?Useexamplesanddetailsinyouranswer.有些人认为计算机使生活更加容易方便，另外有些人认为计算机使生活更加复杂和紧张。你的观点如何？SomepeoplesaythattheInternetprovidespeoplewithalotofvaluableinformation.Othersthinkaccesstosomuchinformationcreatesproblems.Whichviewdoyouagreewith?Usespecificr

11、easonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.有些人认为互连网给人们提供另外很多有价值的信息，另外有些人认为太多的信息产生问题。你的观点如何？1网络队与人们生活的便利段落大意：网络会给人们带来很多信息，帮助人们缓解无聊情绪，帮助宣传，总体上给人们生活带来便利。Overalltheinternetisafastwaytoobtaininformationfromalotofdifferentsources.It,Sagoodtimekillerifyouareboredasithasbillionsandbillionsofdifferentwebsitestoex

12、plore.Theinternetisalsoagoodwayofadvertisingandsellingandequallypurchasingitems.Althoughtherearemanydrawbacks,theinternethasmoreadvantagesthandisadvantages.2网络的普及现状段落大意：网络在本世纪迅速普及。人们利用电脑和网络可以做很多事情，例如写邮件，浏览信息等。In21stcenturyztheInternethasbecomeverypopulararoundtheworld.Sincetechnologyhasimproved,many

13、peoplecanusetheInternetathome.FromtheInternet,peoplecanwriteorreceiveemails,getinformationfromaroundtheworld,orchatwithfriendsorotherpeopleindifferentcountriesininstantmessageswithclearvoicesandimagesthatshortenthedistancefrompersontoperson.Alsozthereisnotimelimit.OnecanusetheInternetwheneveronewant

14、s.Inaddition,itisveryinexpensive,soitisaveryconvenienttypeofmedia.However,somecompaniesorpeoplesetupalotoftrapsthroughwebsites,emails,orinstantmessagingtoadvertisetheireroticbusinessortocommitcrimes,sowehavetobecareful.3网络能够提供信息和娱乐资源段落大意：人们利用网络获取各种各样的信息，进行游戏。Peopleusetheinternettogatherinformationfo

15、rallsortsofthings.Thiscouldbeinformationregardingschoolworkwhichisapopularcategoryoritcouldbesimplethingslikereadingaboutafilmreview.Theyusedtheinternetpriortointerviewanduseditfore-mailing.Peoplealsomakeuseoftheinternetbygatheringinformationabouttravelandaccommodationandtoorderorcancelticketsforvar

16、iousevents.Theinternetisalsowidelyusedforthehugerangeofgamesthatitoffersanddownloadingarangeofthingslikesoftwareandsometimesmusic,whichcanbeillegal.4网络信息过度公开的弊端段落大意：网络信息过度公开，面对着对私人信息保密责任的挑战。TheInternetistheworld,Slargestinternationalcomputernetwork.Itallowsuserstoaccesssubstantialamountsofinformatio

17、nheldatvariouslocationsallovertheworld,andithaschallengedtheorganizationofobligationsandtheresponsibilitieswithrespecttotheprocessingofpersonaldata.5网络道德缺失的现状段落大意：网络虽然在商业，教育等领域起着重要作用，但是网络的道德体系存在问题。NoonedeniesthattheInternetisthemostusefultoolforresearch,business,andeducation,yettheInternetisthesubje

18、ctofatopicthatisascontroversialasthelegalitiesofabortionorhomosexualrights.Manyracyzillegal,andcontroversialmaterialsareavailableontheInternetsuchaspornographyandpiratedsoftware;ontheotherhand,manyeducationaltoolsareon-lineaswell.ThisbringsaneedforacaseofethicsintheInternetrealm.6个人自由的质疑段落大意：在网络上个人表

19、达的自由，受到严重质疑。TheInternetisacarrierofavastarrayofinformation.Itprovidespeopleallovertheworldwiththeopportunitytopublishtheirthoughts,opinions,andvirtuallyanytypeofinformation.Atthesametime,itallowsinformationtobeaccessedbyanyonewithacomputerworldwide.Thishascausedongoingdebateregardingthefreedomofexpr

20、ession.7网络的社会危害段落大意：网络上很多信息会对社会造成损害。ThereisalargeamountofinformationontheInternetthatisharmfulandfoundtobesociallyunacceptable.Thistypeofharmfulinformationcanleadtocriminalactivity,thusbecomingathreattooursociety.Forexample,theinstructionsonhowtobuildabombarereadilyavailableontheInternet.Somepeoplew

21、hoviewthismaybeinfluencedtobuildthebomb.Thiscouldleadtotheterrorism.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Telephonesandemailhavemadecommunicationbetweenpeoplelesspersonal.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.电话和E-MAIL是人们之间的交流变的更加没有人情味，同意与否？1电话为人们生活带来好处段落大意：电话的发明是很伟大的事情。Themodern

22、telephoneistheresultofworkdonebymanypeople,allworthyofrecognitionoftheircontributionstothefield.AlexanderGrahamBellwasthefirsttopatentthetelephone,anapparatusfortransmittingvocalorothersoundstelegraphicallyafterexperimentingwithmanyprimitivesoundtransmittersandreceivers.However,thehistoryoftheinvent

23、ionofthetelephoneisaconfusingmassofclaimsandcounterclaims,furtherworsenedbylawsuitswhichattemptedtoresolvethepatentclaimsofseveralindividuals.2电话的出现极大的改善了人们的沟通情况。Three,maybefourtimesinrecenthistory,anewtechnologyhasbeenintroducedthathasfundamentallytransformedhumansocietybychangingthewaypeoplecommun

24、icatewitheachother.Forthemostpart,themomentinwhichthesenewtechnologiescameintobeingarepreservedwithakindofclarityanddramathatisboththrillingandunforgettable.3电子邮件普及的现状段落大意：电子邮件在人们之间广泛普及，人们利用电子邮件交流，便利，快捷。E-mailisshortforelectronicmail.E-mailisnotonlyforfunbutplaysalargepartineffectivecommunicationbet

25、weenmajorbusinesses.Almosteverybodyconnectedontheinternethasane-mailaccount.E-mailisnotonlyausefulwaytosendtextmessagestoothercomputersalmostinstantaneously,butyoucanaddattachments.4电子邮件的出现前所未有的改变了人们的交流方式。Asurprisingaspectofthemessageserviceistheunplanned,unanticipated,andunsupportednatureofitsbirth

26、andearlygrowth,readsareportone-mailwrittenforARPAin1976.Itjusthappened,anditsearlyhistoryhasseemedmorelikethediscoveryofanaturalphenomenonthanthedeliberatedevelopmentofanewtechnology.Onereasonthatitwasadoptedsoquicklywasthatitperfectlysuitedthecommunicationsneedsandstyleoftheengineerswhobuilttheelec

27、tronicwayofcommunication.5电子邮件飞速的普及是时代的一大特征。WeintheARPAcommunity(andnodoubtmanyothersoutsideit)havecometorealizethatwehaveinourhandssomethingverybigzandpossiblyveryimportant.Itisnowplaintoallofusthatmessageserviceovercomputernetworkshasenormouspotentialforchangingthewaycommunicationisdoneinallsector

28、sofoursociety.In1996zforthefirsttime,moreelectronicmailwassentthanpostalmailintheU.S.Almostfromitscreation,emailhasbeenthemostwidelyusedinternetapplication,andinthatrespectcanclaimtobethemostimportant.Thesesamecapabilitiesalsounderliethetechnologyofmailinglists.Chooseoneofthefollowingtransportationv

29、ehiclesandexplainwhyyouthinkithaschangedpeopleslives.*Automobiles*bicycles*airplanesUsespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.选择汽车，自行车，和飞机中的一种交通工具解释为什么你认为它改变了人们的生活。1汽车的重要意义段落大意：车对人有很重要的象征作用和实际作用。成年人为拥有汽车而骄傲Oneofthemostimportantstepsinbecominganadultisyourfirstcar.Whenyouhaveacarzyoudonztneedt

30、orelyonotherpeopleforridestowhereyouwanttogo.Theautomobilehasbecomeaveryimportantpartoftoday1ssociety.Itisanecessitytoownortoaccesstoacarinordertokeepupwithallofthecompetitionofthebusinessworld,andalsoone,ssocialdemands.2汽车对社会的影响段落大意：汽车工业对社会发展有着长远的影响。汽车工业影响着人们的生活，文化，经济发展。Theautomobilehaschangedtheli

31、ves,culture,andeconomyofthepeopleandnationsthatmanufactureanddemandthem.Eversincethelate1800swhenthefirst“modern“carwasinventedbyBenzandDaimlerinGermany,theindustryhasgrownintoabilliondollarindustryaffectingsomanyaspectsofourlives.Therearemorethan400millionpassengercarsaloneontheroadstoday.3飞机的发明历史段

32、落大意：OrVilleWright和WilburWright发明了历史上第一架飞机。OrvilleWright(1871-1948)andWiIburWright(1867-1912)requestedapatentapplicationforaflyingmachineninemonthsbeforetheirsuccessfulflightinDecember1903zwhichOrvilleWrightrecordedinhisdiary.AspartoftheWrightBrotherssystematicpracticeofphotographingeveryprototypeand

33、testoftheirvariousflyingmachines,theyhadpersuadedanattendantfromanearbylifesavingstationtosnapOrvilleWrightinfullflight.Thecraftsoaredtoanaltitudeof10feetztraveled120feet,andlanded12secondsaftertakeoff.AftermakingtwolongerflightsthatdayzOrvilleandWilburWrightsentthistelegramtotheirfather,instructing

34、himtoinformpress.4飞机的好处段落大意：飞机给人们的出行等方面带来极大的便利和好处。Generallythewholeworldhasenjoyedthebenefitsoftheaircraftwhichhasincreasedtheoverallefficiencyofthehumanraceandmadetravellingpossibleandaffordablefornearlyallthepeopleonthisearth.AircraftshaveshrunkthesizeofourearthbyprovidingthesafestmodeOftransporta

35、tionofpassengersandcargointheleastpossibletimebetweentwopoints.Aircrafthavealsoprovidedusmeansofdefendingourcountriesandhittingbackatpeoplewhoattackus.Lastly,ithasbeenputtonumerousotheruses-fromscientificstudyofthenaturalworldtowarfare.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Withthehelpoftechn

36、ology,studentsnowadayscanlearnmoreinformationandlearnitmorequickly.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.有着技术的支持，现在学生更快，更多地获得信息。同意与否？1电脑互联网的好处段落大意：电脑和互联网给学生学习提供了很好的机会。大部分学生可以接触到大量信息，和教授交流，对他们的学习很有好处。Computerandinternethavechangedtheworldofeducationininnumerableways.Moststudentsnowhaveacce

37、sstocountlesssourcesofinformation.Theycanalsotalktoexpertsinmultitudesofprofessions.Manystudentsnowlearntotypebeforetheylearntowriteincursive.2多媒体的教学作用段落大意：多媒体和互联网给学生的学习带来便利。它们实现了网络教学的可能性。Somesitescontainvaluabletoolsandaccessoriestoaidinthelearningprocess.Aswellasnotesandmultimediadisplays,theymayi

38、ncludethingslikehypertextchapters.Inthefuture,theremaynotevenbeaneedforpapertextbooks.TheInternethasalsoenabledteacherstoteachaclassfromthousandsofmilesaway.Withvideoconferencing,aprofessorinGuamcanteachaclassinMichiganinclosetoreal-time.VirtuallyalllibrariesarenowconnectedovertheInternet.AtLakeSupe

39、riorStateUniversityyoucancheckthecatalogsofalmostanylibraryandevencheckoutbooksfromnearbylibraries.3网络和电脑对于课堂的重要作用段落大意：网络和电脑已经被带入各个课堂之中，对教师和学生都有帮助。DuetotheexpansionoftheInternetinrecentyears,schoolsanduniversitiesaroundtheworldhavebeenincorporatingmoretechnologyintotheirclassrooms.Computersarepresen

40、toncollegecampuses,andmanyteachersareincludingthemforclassactivitiesonadailybasis.Withemail,ateachercanbeincontactwithhisorherstudentsoutsidetheclassroomtodiscussclasswork.Computersintheclassroomareextremelybeneficialforstudents,moreimportantly;theuseoftheInternetallowsstudentseasilyaccesstoabundant

41、information.4信息繁荣隐藏的弊端段落大意：信息的繁荣带来真实性缺少保障的负面效应。Withsomuchinformationavailable,onecanneverbesureastowhatthecredentialsareofthesourcesfromwhichtheinformationiscomingfrom.FreespaceforWebPagesiseasilyavailableatplaceslikeTripodandGeocities.Thisallowsanyonetoputupanykindofinformationthattheywouldliketokn

42、ow,butmakesitdifficulttodiscernfactfromfiction.AnytwelveyearoldcancreateapagefilledwithconspiracytheoriesaboutUFOsandunsuspectingpeoplemighttakeitasfacts.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Moderntechnologyiscreatingasingleworldculture.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.现代技术

43、正在产生世界统一文化，同意与否？1科技发展使得地球村出现段落大意：现代科技使得世界变得越来越小，地球村已经出现。新技术使得文化，交流相互影响，趋向于统一。Itisevidentourworldisbecomingasmallerplace.Wenowhaveovernightdeliveryofpackages,emailcommunicationandtheeversopopularcellularcommunication.Globalizationandincreasedinternationalbusinesscanbedirectlyattributedtomassmediaandm

44、asstransit.Theconceptofglobalizationsometimesapproachesthischangeasbeingonewhicheithershouldorwillresultinacompletehomogenizationofcultureandtheformationofaunifiedglobalcommunity.2科技发展使得文化趋向全球化段落大意：全球化进程包括了文化的全球化。Thetermglobalizationhascomeintocommonusagesincethe1980szreflectingtechnologicaladvances

45、thathavemadeiteasierandquickertocompleteinternationaltransactionsincludingbothtradeandfinancialflows.Itreferstoanextensionbeyondnationalbordersofthesamemarketforcesthathaveoperatedforcenturiesatalllevelsofhumaneconomicactivity.Globalizationcanbelookedatfromfivedifferentaspects:economically,technolog

46、ically,politically,culturallyandenvironmentally.3人们联系紧密段落大意：由于全球化进程的加快发展，人类彼此之间联系的越来越紧密。Peoplearoundtheworldaremoreconnectedtoeachotherthaneverbefore.Productsproducedinonepartofacountryareavailabletotherestoftheworld.Itismucheasierforpeopletotravel,communicateanddobusinessinternationally.Thiswholeph

47、enomenonhasbeencalledglobalization.Spurredoninthepastbymerchants,explorers,colonialistsandinternationalists,globalizationhasinmorerecenttimesbeenincreasingrapidlyduetoimprovementsincommunications,informationandtransporttechnology.4科技使得全球化进程加快段落大意：科技的发展，为文化全球化奠定基础。Technologyhasnowcreatedthepossibilit

48、yandeventhelikelihoodofaglobalculture.TheInternet,faxmachinesandsatelliteshavesweptawaytheoldnationalculturalboundaries.Globalentertainmentcompaniesnowseemtoshapetheunderstandingsanddreamsofordinarycitizens,wherevertheylive.Globalizationleadstobetterculturalunit.5全球化在政治、经济、文化表现段落大意：全球化使得政治，经济，文化三方面都

49、产生统一。Globalizationisthegrowinginterdependenceoftheworldspeoplethatinvolvestheintegrationofeconomies,technologies,andcultures(Bradshaw).Itisdescribedastheincreasedmovementofpeople,knowledgeandideaszandgoodsandmoneyacrossnationalbordersthathaveledtotheincreasedinterconnectednessamongtheworld.Globalizationisoftenthoughtofineconomictermsbutasweknowtherearethreemajorcomponentsimplicate