高考中定语从句的常见考点类型.doc

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1、高考中定语从句的常见考点类型 关系词的选择 定语从句的关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词两大类。关系代词起着代词和连词的作用，而关系副词起着副词(或介词短语)和连词的作用。 关系代词that、which、who(m)、whose引导定语从句1) 关系代词that只能用于限定性定语从句，并在从句中作主语或宾语(不可作介词的宾语)。例如：Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago?(2005北京春)A. whereB. when C. that D. what解析：C。先行词是the chicken farm

2、，定语从句缺宾语，所以应用关系代词that、which或省略关系代词，选C。本题所给选项中，where、when都是关系副词，而what不能指代地点。2) 关系代词which可引导非限定性定语从句，作从句的主语或宾语，指代整个主句或主句中的部分内容；此时，其引导的定语从句一般位于主句后面，常译为“这(那) 件事”。例如：His movie won several awards at the film festival, _ was beyond his wildest dream. (2007 上海)A. which B. that C. whereD. it解析：答案选A。关系代词which

3、在从句中作主语，指代整个主句。注意：That和which作关系代词，引导定语从句时的主要区别为：which可用于非限定性定语从句中，指代物或整个主句或主句中的一部分，也可以用于介词之后；而that则不能用于上述两种结构中。3) 关系代词who和whom引导定语从句，都可用于指人，用法类似。区别主要在于：whom在从句中只能作宾语；而who在从句中可以作主语，也可以代替在从句中担任宾格的whom，但它的前面不能有介词；如果用于介词后指人时，必须用宾格的whom。在非限定性定语从句中，whom不可用that或who替代。例如：Women _ drink more than two cups of

4、coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont. (2006北京)A. who; 不填 B. 不填; whoC. who; who D. 不填; 不填解析：C。两处空格后均为定语从句，均缺少关系词。第一个定语从句的先行词是woman，要用关系代词引导从句，同时该从句中缺主语，用who；第二个定语从句的先行词是those，在句中指人，其定语从句也缺少主语，用who。所以选C。4) Whose引导定语从句时，其后应紧跟一个名词，构成名词短语，即“whose + 名词”的形式；whose引导的定

5、语从句，其先行词不仅可指人，还可指物；若指物时，还可用of which代替，但词序不同，即“whose + 名词 = the + 名词 + of which”。例如：Look out! Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair. (2006福建)A. whose B. whichC. of which D. what解析：A。关系代词whose意为“的”，表示所属关系，在定语从句中作定语，修饰从句的主语roof；从句中whose roof 指的是the houses roof。由于roof前缺少修饰限定词，故此处不能用of w

6、hich代替。Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable. (2000上海)A. which price B. the price of whichC. its price D. the price of whose解析：B。先行词为“an ancient Chinese vase”，而定语从句讲述的是这个vase的price如何如何，同时，从句缺少主语，所以要用whose price或the price of which来引导从句。关系副词where、when、why引导定语从句关系副词where、when

7、、why引导的定语从句，分别在从句中充当地点、时间、原因状语。 If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. (2005 上海)A. that B. which C. when D. where解析：D。先行词是chairs，在定语从句中作地点状语，要用where，相当于“in which”。We are living in an age _ many things are done on computer. (2003 北京)A. which B. that C

8、. whose D. when解析：D。先行词是age，when引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语。As引导定语从句1) As用于限定性定语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或状语，构成the same.as、such.as等结构。例如： I like the same book as you do. (as作宾语) Ive never seen such a clever boy as he is. (as作表语) I shall do it in the same way as you did. (as作状语) These houses are sold at such a low pric

9、e _ people expected. (2000 上海春)A. like B. as C. that D. which解析：答案选B。As在定语从句中作expected的宾语。2) As引导非限定性定语从句，作从句的主语、表语或宾语，用来指代整个主句的内容，常译为“正如”。但不同于which，as引导的定语从句既可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后，还可位于主句中间。例如：The Beatles, _ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. (2006 天津)A. what B. that C. how D. a

10、s解析：D。As代表整个主句The Beatles came from Liverpool，作定语从句中remember的宾语。_ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the countries are making progress. (2004 北京)A. It B. As C. That D. What解析：B。As代表整个主句talks between the countries are making progress，作定语从句中的主语。句意为：正如报纸上所报道的那样，各国的会谈取得了进展。 关系词的省略 限定性定语从句中关系词的

11、省略1) 关系代词的省略：当关系代词that、who(m)、which在作从句谓语动词的宾语时，可以省略；但是whom和which若在从句中作介词的宾语时，不可以省略。例如： Do you have anything to say for yourselves? (2006 江西) Yes, theres one point _ we must insist on.A. why B. where C. how D. /解析：D。该题中的先行词是one point，定语从句we must insist on前省略了作宾语的关系代词which或that。 Why does she always a

12、sk you for help? There is no one else _, is there? (2005 北京)A. who to turn to B. she can turn toC. for whom to turn D. for her to turn解析：B。该题中的先行词是no one else，she can turn to前省略了作宾语的关系代词whom或who；值得注意的是, 本句还可以写成to whom she can turn。2) 关系副词的省略：The time、every time、each time、the moment等后的关系副词可省略。例如：By t

13、he time (when) he was fourteen years old, Einstein had learnt advanced mathematics all by himself.在某些表示地点的名词(如the place)后，关系副词有时也可以省略。例如：This is the place (where) we met years ago.先行词the reason后面的关系副词可省略。例如：The reason (why) he did that is quite clear.当先行词是way时，关系副词常常省略。例如：I appreciate the way (that)

14、 you teach us.What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. (2004 湖北)A. the way B. in the way thatC. in the way D. the way which解析：A。根据句意该用the way，所以在A和D中选择。然后考查the way后接定语从句的用法，具体用法有三种：(1)用in which引导；(2)用that引导；(3)省略关系副词。此题属于第三种用法，应选A。非限定性定语从句中关系词的省略非限定性定语从句中的关系代词不可以省略，并且指物只能用which，指人只能用

15、who(主格)/whom(宾格)，不能用that。例如：Anyway, that evening, _ Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place. (2004 浙江)A. when B. where C. what D. which解析：D。这是一个非限定性定语从句，which在定语从句中作about的宾语，不能省略。The famous basketball star, _ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. (2002 北京

16、春)A. where B. when C. which D. who解析：D。先行词为The famous basketball star，表示人，所以关系词要用who；同时，who在从句中作主语，不可以省略。 从句的位置 一般来说，定语从句总是紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后，比较容易找出从句；但有时，定语从句和先行词会被介词或其他成分分隔，从而给从句的辨别带来一定的难度。下面，就来看从句和先行词被分隔开的两种情况。被介词分隔定语从句和先行词被介词分隔，实际上也就是关系词在定语从句中作介词宾语。此时，关系词多和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间。用于这种情况的关系代词一般为which(指物)和whom(指

17、人)，that一般不能放在介词之后。例如： He was educated at a local high school, _ he went on to Beijing University. (2007 江苏)A. after which B. after thatC. in which D. in that解析：A。根据从句的意思确定是介词after“在之后”，which在此指代整个主句He was educated at a local high school，故答案选A。 Franks dream was to have his own shop _ to produce the w

18、orkings of his own hands. (2005 湖南)A. that B. in whichC. by which D. how解析：B。该题是考查“介词+ 关系代词+ 动词不定式”的特殊结构，它可以还原为：Franks dream was to have his own shop in which he could produce the workings of his own hands.注意：有时候关系副词when和where也可以用在介词之后，如since when、by when和from where等。例如： The book was written in 1946

19、, _ the education system has witnessed great changes. (2007 山东)A. when B. during which C. since then D. since when解析：D。根据从句的意思确定是选since when，when在此指代时间状语1946。被其他成分分隔一般来说，定语从句总是紧跟着它所修饰的先行词，但有时候定语从句如果紧接先行词会引起主句头重脚轻或句意分隔等问题，此时，从句和先行词被其他成分分隔。例如： The village has developed a lot _ we learned farming two y

20、ears ago. (2007 福建)A. when B. which C. that D. where解析：选D。定语从句where we learned farming two years ago修饰它的先行词the village，中间被谓语has developed a lot隔开。 After graduation she reached a point in her career _ she needed to decide what to do. (2007 江西)A. that B. what C. which D. where解析：选D。定语从句where she neede

21、d to decide what to do修饰它的先行词a point，中间被定语in her career隔开。除了以上考查定语从句自身所包含的一些考点，在高考英语中，定语从句有时也结合其他考点进行考查。最常见的有：在强调结构的省略句型中考查定语从句关系词的选择。例如： Where did you get to know her? It was on the farm _ we worked. (2007 山东)A. that B. there C. which D. where解析：D。该题很容易误选A。解题时，先还原句子：It was on the farm (where we wor

22、ked) that I got to know her. 还原后，不难发现：原来这个句子主句实际上是强调结构“It was.that”省略了that I got to know her。空格处的词实际上要引导一个定语从句，修饰限定farm。以上是对高考英语中定语从句常见考点的分析，希望能对大家学习定语从句有所帮助。 （二）关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：1As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。(1) He married her, as/which was natural.(2) H

23、e was honest, as/which we can see.2. as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4) He has been to Paris more t

24、han several times, which I dont believe.注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.3. 当先行次受such, the same修饰时，常用as(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：当先

25、行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as 所引导的定语从句意思不同(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。（三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the questi

26、on was surprising.(四) but 有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句(1) There are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who dont )一、关系词的灵活运用真题再现1Some pre-school children go to a day care center,_they learn simple games and songs.(2007年全国I卷)Athen Bthere Cwhile Dwhere解析：D 考查定语从句。先行词a day care center表示地点，定语从句由关系副词where引导，相当于i

27、n which。2Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity_sight matters more than hearing.(2007年天津卷) Awhen Bwhose Cwhich Dwhere解析：D考查的是定语从句。Dancing is an activity后面是一个定语从句，修饰an activity，在定语从句中缺少状语，所以用where或in which。3After graduation she reached a point in her career_she needed to deci

28、de what to do.(2007年江西卷)Athat Bwhat Cwhich Dwhere解析：D 本题考查定语从句的引导词。在定语从句中，当先行词为point, case, situation等时，通常用关系副词where引导。4Today, well discuss a number of cases_beginners of English fail to use the language properly.(2007年陕西卷) Awhich Bas Cwhy Dwhere解析：D 考查定语从句。先行词是cases，意思是：情况，状态，指物或指地点，关系词在从句中作状语，先行词指

29、地点，用where。5The village has developed a lot_we lwarned farming two years ago.(2007年福建卷) Awhen Bwhich Cthat Dwhere解析：D 考查定语从句。先行词是the village，关系词在从句中作状语，用关系副词，先行词表地点，选D。6The book was written in 1946,_the_education system has witnessed great changes.(2007年山东卷) Awhen Bduring which Csince then Dsince whe

30、n解析：D 考查非限制性定语从句。Since when自从那时起，常与完成时连用。7His movie won several awards at the film festival,_was beyond his wildest dream.(2007年上海卷) Awhich Bthat Cwhere Dit解析：A考查定语从句。后半句是which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整句话的内容，在从句中作主语。8Were just trying to reach a point_both sides will sit down together and talk. Awhere Bt

31、hat Cwhen Dwhich解析：A 关系副词when和where与point连用，即可表示具体的时间和地点，也能表示抽象的时间和地点。根据句意，“我们正在试图找到双方（都能接受的条件，从而使双方）能坐到一起谈判的点”，这里应是表示一个抽象的地点。9What surprised me was not what he said but_he said it. Athe way Bin the way that Cin the way Dthe way which解析：A 根据连接成分对等性，排除B、C项。The way后的定语从句关系词可用in which，that或省略。二、引导词前介词的

32、使用不可忽视关系代词介词的确定依据有三：介词与先行词是一种固定搭配；介词与从句中的动词是一种习惯搭配；介词与从句中的形容词是一种固定结构。真题再现1It is reported that two schoold,_are being built in my hometown, will open next year.(2007年四川卷) Athey both Bwhich both Cboth of them Dboth of which解析：D考查“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。在定语从句中，基于意义上的需要，可以在some, any, few, several, many, al

33、l, both, none, neither, either, each, enough, half, one, two等词之后接of whom或of which；因为该句嵌入句中，它不可能是一个并列句，排除A、C项，即使是并列句也应该有连接词。2Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree_they can be controlled on purpose.(2007年重庆卷) Awith which Bto which Cof which Dfor which解析：B 考查定语从句。在某种程度上，用t

34、o a degree或to some degree，因此当degree作先词时，关系代词用which或that。本题因介词提前紧跟关系词，故用to which形式，答案选择B项。3Eric received training in computer for one year,_he found a job in a big company. (2007年辽宁卷) Aafter that Bafter which Cafter it Dafter this解析：B 考查定语从句及关系代词的选择。从句子的结构看，后面应是定语从句，而且，“他”是接受了一年的电脑培训之后，才在一家大公司找到了一份工作

35、的。故选after which，引导一个非限制性定语从句，起补充说明作用。4He was educated at the local high school,_he went on to Beijing University.(2007年江苏卷) Aafter which Bafter that Cin which Din that解析：A 此题考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。根据题意应该是“在那以后”，故正确的答案是A。5We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us,_we

36、 gave some bells and glasses. Ato which Bto whom Cwith whom Dwith which解析：B句中的先行词指人，故排除A、D，从句中give sth.to sb. 是固定词组，介词to提到关系代词之前，故选B。6Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes_people were eaten by the tiger. Ain which Bby which Cwhich Dthat解析：A

37、 先行词the scenes在定语从句中作地点状语。其前的介词常用in。7I was given three books on cooking, the first_I really enjoyed. Aof that Bof which Cthat Dwhich解析：B 定语从句只修饰先行词中的一部分，of表示部分和整体之间的关系，the first of which相当于the first of the three books。句意为：他给了我三本烹饪方面的书，其中第一本我特别喜欢。三、定语从句的分隔现象 在英语学习中常常遇到定语从句不是直接位于先行词之后，而是被插入语、介词短语、副词或副

38、词短语、谓语动词、非谓语动词等隔开，这种现象被称作定语从句的分隔现象。真题再现1Chans restaurant on Baker Street,_used to be poorly run, is now a successful business.(2007年浙江卷) Athat Bwhich Cwho Dwhere解析：B 本题考查定语从句。从空前的逗号可知，本题考查的是非限制性定语从句，因此排除A。先行词是地点名词，但是引导在从句中作主语，因此选B。2Is that the small town you often refer to?Right, just the one_you kn

39、ow I used to work for years.Athat Bwhich Cwhere Dwhat解析：C 了解答语中的插入语you know是解题的突破口。The one在宾语从句中作状语。3The film brought the hours back to me_I was taken good care of in that faraway village.Auntil Bthat Cwhen Dwhere解析：C when引导定语从句，先行词the hours与定语从句被back to me分隔。四、as与which之争as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，均可指代整个

40、句子内容，as引导非限制性定语从句，可以用在主句前，又可用在主句后，有时还可插在句中。Which引导非限制定语从句，除了指代整个句子外，还可指单个词，不能放在句首。As引导定语从句，有“正如，就像”之意，常用在as is known to sb., as has been expected, as in mentioned above, as is often the case, as anybody can see, as has been said before等表达中。真题再现1By serving others, a person focuses on someone other th

41、an himself or herself,_can be very eye-opening and rewarding.(2007年湖南卷) Awho Bwhich Cwhat Dthat解析：B 考查定语从句。先行词为前面整句话所表达的内容，故用which引导一个非限制性定语从句。2._is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. AWhich BWhen CWhen DAs解析：D as引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，放在句首。3The owner of the cinema needed to make a l

42、ot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running,_meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. Awho Bthat Cas Dwhich解析：D从句中缺少主语，which指代前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语，that不能用在非限制性定语从句中。As意为“正如，就像”，不符题意。4_I explained on the phone, you request will be considered at the next meeting. AWhen BAfter CAs DSince

43、解析：C表示“依据，正如”之意时，用as引导。Which不能用在句首。用which而不用 that的情况：引导非限制性定语从句；代表整个主句的意思；介词 + 关系代词。e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。 This is the room in which my father lived last year. 这是父亲去年居住过的房子。注意: that与which的区别非常多了,很难记住. 一句话语法: 逗号后/介词后使用which,其它用that

44、一定不会错3）as引导定语从句时的用法as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same as, such as结构中。e.g. I want the same shirt as my friends. 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in