虚拟语气讲义.doc

《虚拟语气讲义.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《虚拟语气讲义.doc（8页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。

1、虚拟语气教学设计与反思 The subjunctive mood (虚拟语气) 英语组 柯娟娟Teaching content: 虚拟语气（The subjunctive mood）Teaching time: One periodTeaching analysis:(教学内容分析)本节课主要涉及高考主要考察的虚拟语气的用法：（1）IF条件句中三种不同时间的虚拟语气;(2)虚拟语气的倒装和混合时间的虚拟；（3）名词性从句中的倒装；（4）虚拟语气的特殊句式。Teaching aims and demands:1.Congnitive aims(认知目标) 了解高中虚拟语气的考查热点和命题趋势。2

2、.Ability aims(能力目标)培养学生的课前自学能力和掌握虚拟语气相关试题的解决方法。3.Emotional aims(情感目标)培养学生自主学习与探究能力，增强学生合作意识，提高学生的语言分析能力和正确表达自己观点的能力。Teaching plan analysis:为了达成本节课的教学目标可以采用演绎法和归纳法相结合的语法教学方式，以学生为主体，在老师的指引下，让学生自己展示，判断和分析，最后总结出虚拟语气的主要用法。并通过一系列的考题训练，让学生进一步了解虚拟语气的解题方式。Teaching important points:了解和掌握虚拟语气语法项目和基本原则Teaching

3、difficult points:1.含蓄虚拟条件句的用法2.能运用虚拟语气去完成试题练习并能运用到情景中Teaching methods:The situational teaching method（情境教学法）, the feeling teaching method(情感教学法), the task-based teaching method, the inductive method(归纳法)。Learning strategies: cooperative learning, learning while using,Predicting problems and analysis

4、:在考查该点时，学生易错点预测如下：1.不会分析与现在，过去，将来相反的虚拟语气及其动词的所有结构2.虚拟语气的特殊用法Teaching tools: Multi-media (a computer)Teaching procedures:Step 1 Greetings and lead-in展示考纲：1、 If条件句中的虚拟语气; 2、含蓄条件中的虚拟语气；3、名词从句中的虚拟语气; 4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法;5、虚拟语气时态的判定。（2011-2013）陕西省高考真题，让学生体会考点。（2013陕西卷）My mom suggests that we _eat out for a

5、change this weekend. A should B might C could D Would (2012陕西卷)17.If my car _ more reliable, I would have driven to Lasa instead of flying last summer. A was B had been C should be D would be（2011陕西卷）22.I _ through that bitter period without your generous help. A couldnt have gone B didnt go C would

6、nt go D hadnt goneStep 2 Summary of the Subjunctive Mood(1)SS activity让学生自己总结出虚拟语气的各种形式考点。IF 型 “三个公式”类别从句谓语动词主句谓语动词与现在事实相反过去式(be用were)should/would/could/might动词原形与过去事实相反had过去分词should/would/could/mighthave过去分词与将来事实相反过去式(be用were)should/would/could/might动词原形should动词原形were to动词原形if省略句如果虚拟条件句中含有were/had/

7、should，有时可把if省略，把were/had/should提到主语之前形成倒装，若为否定形式，not不可提前。混合条件句有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据它们各自表示的时间加以调整。含蓄条件句有时假设的情况不用条件从句表达，而是用but for，without等介词(短语)或上下文来表示条件。用连词otherwise，or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气。虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，模式为“虚拟情况but真实情况”。2013江苏卷变式 I should not have laughed if I _you were. (think)如果我(

8、当时)认为你是认真的，我就不会笑了. 答案 had thoughtIf型特例1：错综时间条件句【2013天津】14. If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he able to speak it much better now.A. will be B. would be C. has been D. would have been【答案】BIf型特例2：省略 if 的条件从句：10浙江）Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of tim

9、e and energy .Awould have been savedBhad been saved Cwill be saved Dwas saved【答案】A2.should +V.型（1）一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求 1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose + recommend (advice, suggestion, proposal ) 4. demand , require, request, desire2013浙江卷变式 Eye doctors recommend that a childs f

10、irst eye exam_ at the age of six months old.(be)眼科医生建议孩子的第一次眼睛检查应该在六个月的时候(进行)。答案 (should) be注意:insist / suggest 各有两意思，要用不同的语气 表“坚决要求”,虚拟, should + do; (未发生) 表“坚称,坚持说”,陈述语气,表事实。(发生过) 表“建议”，虚拟, should + do; 表“表明、暗示” ，用陈述语气总结主语从句中的虚拟语气 基本句型：A.It is suggested, ordered + (should) do B.It is important, ne

11、cessary, natural C.It is a pity, a shame, no wonder 考题点击：1. Is it important that we _ English? A. learns B. have learned C. must learn D. learn虚拟语气之特殊句型1wish后面宾语从句的虚拟语气与现在事实相反从句用一般过去时与过去事实相反从句用过去完成时与将来事实相反从句用would动词原形【2011北京卷,28】Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wis

12、h they （ ）always late.A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been【答案】A2.would rather+从句与现在事实相反从句用一般过去时与过去事实相反从句用过去完成时与将来事实相反从句用一般过去时10江苏George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he_ more on its culture.A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused答案

13、B3.as if 与现在事实相反待添加的隐藏文字内容3从句用一般过去时与过去事实相反从句用过去完成时与将来事实相反从句用would动词原形针对训练：The pencil is in the water as if it_ broken. A. were B. was C.had been D.would do4. if only与现在事实相反从句用一般过去时与过去事实相反从句用过去完成时与将来事实相反从句用would动词原形5. Its (high) time +that 过去时(were) /Should(不省) +V.Its high time that we should obey th

14、e rules of the school.Its high time that we obeyed the rules of the school.。我们应该遵守学校规则。l 难点突破：1.一些短语相当于虚拟条件从句（if）, 其后的句子与虚拟条件主句用法一致。but for +n(要不是), 现在/将来 would/could/should/might +V. (原)without +n, 过去 would/could/should/might +have doneotherwise(否则)， +句子in that case，09福建But for the help of my Engli

15、sh teacher, I the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won答案B考点虚拟语气。解析此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反, 句子谓语动词用would/should/could/might + have done结构, 故选B。难点点击2:虚拟语气时态的判定 “混虚”（1）I would have attended the party yesterday, but I _ ill.A had f

16、allen B fell C would fall D have fallen(2) I fell ill ,or /otherwise I_ the party yesterday.A would attend B would have attendedC had attended D attended10安徽Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-_A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy. D. will be busy答案AStep3 虚拟语气应对策略：1. 判断是否虚拟 2.判断虚拟类型 3.判断虚拟

17、时间学好虚拟语气，除了掌握基本的结构外，还要注意句子所表达的意义与现在、过去还是将来的事实相反，看清时间状语。另外还要注意在其他结构中虚拟语气的运用。Step 4 summarySte5 Consolidation Exercises（略）Step6：Homework教学反思：本节课为高三二轮复习课中语法专题系列之一。虽然，一轮复习中学生详细地复习过虚拟语气的各种形式的具体形式，但是众所周知，虚拟语气一直被视为高中英语教学的一大难点。对这一重要知识点的复习我在课前做了大量的准备工作，布置学生做好复习，完成对应的学案，并认真钻研教材和相关考题。现将我的一些教学心得总结如下；一、预估虚拟语气的教学

18、困难1学生不会分析与现在，过去，将来相反的虚拟语气及其动词的所有结构以及虚拟语气的特殊用法2传统的语法复课比较枯燥，而虚拟语气有着多种形式，且转化形式众多，如果条分缕析，势必会形成教师“一言堂”，让学生感到厌烦无味，影响学习效率和兴趣。但如果只练不讲，学生似乎又难以把握本质，势必会屡做屡错。为了回避以上的两大困难，我决定采取“边讲边练，边练边评，边评边总结”的方法，力求把所有问题在40分钟的课堂内解决，而将课后时间留给学生消化。二、导入首先，我单个提问学生对虚拟语气概念的理解，以引出话题，并强调关键词：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气

19、叫虚拟语气。接着展示考纲，让学生清楚高考动向，这样在复习备考中才能做到有的放矢。接着，我带领学生亲身体会了近三年（2011-2013）陕西省虚拟语气的高考真题，随后和学生一起总结归纳三年考点。三接着，针对考点和学生一起归纳虚拟语气的考点和难点。我先让学生回忆了一轮复习中虚拟语气的各种形式，为了避免和一轮复习的重复， 本节课我将从另外一种角度阐释虚拟语气，即把它分为三大类：(1)IF 型(2)SHOULD+V型(3)特殊句型。我不失时机地让学生回忆默写if 条件句中的“三个公式”。并做针对性高考真题训练。之后“趁热打铁”地复习“错综”和“倒装”形式。第二步，引出should+v.型，我用一 二

20、三 四起头让学回顾说出对应的词一坚持（insist），二命令(order, command)，三建议(advise, suggest, propose)，四要求(demand , require, request, desire),外加两个词“recommend”“urge”，并指出两个特殊词insist，suggest的特殊用法。并给出配套练习题。第三步，和学生一起总结特殊句式。四及时总结在复习完所有形式以后，我又采用“我问你答”的形式领着全班同学将我们刚才讲的虚拟语气的形式全面梳理了一遍，大家都高兴地点着头。最后，我们再做几道虚拟语气的高考真题打在屏幕上，他们能轻松地将自己心中那么“神圣”

21、的高考题“踩在脚下”，这种感觉一定很好吧。我在评讲例题时，并没有说很多，只是问一句“这是和什么事实相反”，学生们把我该讲的就都讲了。最后，我让学生总结出一张考点清单，因为时间关系，让学生课后完成，以待检查。五、教后反思反思这节语法课，我感到成功之处在于这么几点：1 遵循了循序渐进的原则。由浅入深，由易到难，从虚拟语气的三种基本形式入手，逐步加深拓展，使学生乐于接受的同时也易于接受。2 遵循了讲练结合的原则。没有一味的讲授语法理论，而是让学生边学边练，主动探索，让他们享受自主学习的过程和成果。3 遵循了学生为主的原则。本节课我将大量的时间留给了学生思考、探索，完全将课堂的主体还给了学生，吻合了新

22、教材的精神和追求。4 遵循了由现象到本质的原则。传统的语法复习课往往采用演绎语法规律的方法，这样做既容易使学生索然无味，而且使他们感到语法神秘高深。相反，采用归纳语法规律的方法，既能引起他们对语法学习的兴趣，又能发挥他们的主观能动性，起到事半功倍的效果。不足之处：通过这节语法教学课，学生在老师的教导下积极参与到语法知识的学习中，了解并掌握了虚拟语气的语法项目和规则，并能完成相关的语法练习，灵活运用各种虚拟句式和情景进行造句，表达自己的观点，基本完成教学任务，达到教学目的。但在具体教学实践中鉴于学生实际情况和课堂意外问题的发生，某些教学环节进行的不流畅，教学时间不够，教学质量也不能保证。如，学生

23、由于词汇量限制，口语表达不到位。由于课堂时间有限，无法把虚拟语气讲的更细致，更系统化。由于课堂容量大，信息传递速度快，一些后进生无法在短时间内消化吸收语法项目，有待进一步辅导。Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a kne

24、e injury aggravated against USA.Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnleys effort in their first pool match against England on the opening day.Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely fol

25、lowed by Tuivasa-Sheck with eight.But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.The Kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the

26、World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011.Id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said Williams.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in Lond

27、on for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find ou

28、t what his experience was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised

29、 and disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA. Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the g

30、round, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip o

31、f Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the e

32、dge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester.Five years ago they cruised through to

33、 the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by Englands Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament.That could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos focus in their games since then.They ha

34、ve been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. Theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.It is as though

35、their entire tournament has been preparation for the final.In Johnathan Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. They have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday.The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence.They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion.