中考英语语法之状语从句讲解及练习.doc

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1、专题五 状语从句概念：状语从句在句中作状语分为：时间、条件、让步、原因、目的、结果、比较、地点、方式。一、 时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连词有：when, as, while, until, notuntil, before, after, since, the minute, the moment, each( every, next, the first) time等。时间状语从句中一般用一般现在时或一般过去时。1 when , while, as 都可解释为“当的时候”但侧重点有所不同。1) When Eg: When I arrived home , I had a little r

2、est.注意：when 从句的主语与主句主语相同，谓语动词是be 动词时，从句主语和be可以省略。Eg: When (she was) walking along the street, she met her class teacher.2) AsAs 除了表示“当的时候”，还可表示为“一面一面”，“随着”Eg: He sang as he danced.(一面一面) You will grow wiser as you grow older.(随着)3) While表示“当的时候”强调主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，从句一般用进行时，从句动词必须是延续性动词。Eg: While we we

3、re working, they were having a rest. While (they were) having a discussion, they got very confused.注意：while 还有 “然而”的意思。eg: I prefer black tea, while he likes coffee.2 until, notuntil “直到才”,在肯定句中主句常用延续性动词；在否定句中主句常用短暂性动词。肯定句：I waited until midnight.否定句：I did not leave until midnight.注意：1）not until在句首，

4、主句用倒装eg: Not until you had explained how did I manage to do it.2) It is not untilthat引导的强调句It was not until it was dark that he came back.3. the minute, the moment, each time 表示“一就”eg: The worker recognized the type of the machine the moment he saw it.4. hardly/scarcelywhen, no soonerthan, as soon a

5、s表示为“一就”eg: I had hardly/scarcely got home when it began to rain. I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. It began to rain as soon as I got home.注意：hardly/scarcelywhen, no soonerthan位于句首，主句用倒装eg: Had I hardly/scarcely got home when it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to

6、rain.5. By the time + 状从（过去时），主句（过去完成时）By the time + 状从 （现在时），主句（将来完成时）By the time she came back, all the guest had left.By the time the class is over, we will have finished learning the whole passage.练习题1. It was quiet _ those big trucks started coming through the town.A. before B. after C. until D

7、. unless2. It seemed only seconds _ the boy finished washing his face.A. when B. before C. after D. even if3. Hardly had he reached the school gate _ the bell rang.A. while B. when C. as D. as soon as4.We were told that we should follow the main road _ we reached the central railway station.A. whene

8、ver B. until C. while D. wherever5. I recognized you _ I saw you at the airport.A. the moment B. while C. after D. once6. He was about to go to bed _ the doorbell rang.A. while B. as C. before D. when7._I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.A. Every time B. When C. While D. Until8. _ John was

9、watching TV, his wife was cooking.A. As B. As soon as C. While D. Till9. The children ran away from the orchard(果园) _ they saw the guard.A. the moment B. after C. before D. as10. No sooner had I arrived home _ it began to rain.A. when B. while C. as D. than11. Several weeks had gone by _ I realized

10、the painting was missing.A. as B. before C. since D. when12. It _ long before we _ the result of the experiment.A. will not be; will know B. is; will know C. will not be ; know D. is; know13. What was the party like? -Wonderful. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much.A. after B. before C. when D. sinc

11、e14. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she_.A. will arrive B. arrives C. is going to arrive D. is arriving15. _ got into the room _ the telephone rang.A. He hardly had; then B. Hardly had he; when C. He had not; then D. Not had he; when二. 条件状语从句1. 概念：条件状语从句，即在某种条件下，一件

12、事情可能发生。2.条件状语从句的引导词1).If If you ask him，he will help you If you fail in the exam，you will let him down2).unless （if .not.）You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.Unless it rains, the game will be played.3).so/as long as You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean. 4) p

13、rovided/providing (that), on condition thatI shall give you the book on condition that you return it tomorrow.I will go provided that you go too.3关于条件句的时态，常见的有以下三种情况： 1、主将从现When I grow up, Ill be a nurse and look after patients. 2、如果主句是祈使句，那么从句通常要用一般现在时。 If you want to have a chat ,call me up.3、如果主句

14、是含有情态动词时，根据需要从句多用一般现在时。You should be quiet when you are in the reading room. 练习题1. If you _ to the party, youll have a great time. A. will go B. went C. go D. going2. It will be a long time _ Peter _ his work. A. since, has finished B. after, finishes C. when, will finish D. before, finishes.3. What

15、 will father bring us, _he comes from China.A. if B.when C. as long as D.untill 4. If Wang Fang _me, _me at once.A. need,tell B.needs,telling C.need,telling D.needs,tell5I _ her the answer if she _me. A. can tell, will ask B. will tell, will ask C. would tell, ask D. will tell, asks6. What are you g

16、oing to do tomorrow?-Well go to the library tomorrow if it _. A. isnt rain B. rain C. wont rain D. doesnt rain7.Do you know when he will come back tomorrow?-Sorry, I dont know. When he _ back, Ill tell you. A. comes B. will come C. come D. may come 8. What will you do if you _ to the old folks home

17、visit?A. go B. went C.going D. will go9. _I eat much food, Ill be very fat.A. Although B. if C. while D. because10. Ill not give the book to him_ he will come here next Sunday.A. if B. as long as C. though D. unless11. There _an English film in our school tomorrow.A. is going to have B. will have C.

18、 is going to be D. has12. Could you tell us where _？A. will the next Olympic Games held B. the next Olympic Games will be heldC. would the next Olympic Games be held D. the next Olympic Games would be held13. When my mother returned last night, I _ a book. A. read B. am reading C. was reading D. am

19、going to read14.What _ you _ when it began to rain?A. do, do B. were, doing C. are, doing D. did, do15. Ill wake you up when he _back.A. will B. is going to come C. comes D. come三让步状语从句1.概念：一般翻译为“尽管即使”就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说”的感觉。2.引导让步状语从句的连词有：though, although, even if/ though, however, no matter how, no m

20、atter what, no matter who等。（1）though, although表示“虽然，纵然”之意。这两个连词意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以互换使用，都可与yet, still或nevertheless连用，但不能与but连用。Although/Though he was worn out, (still) he kept on working.Although/Though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong. 注意：though引导的让步状语从句还可位于主句主句之后。She passed the examination thou

21、gh she had not studied very hard. （2）as 表示“虽然但是”，“纵使”之意。as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现，though间或也用于这样的结构中，但although不可以这样用。Object as/ though you may, Ill go.(=Though/Although you may object, Ill go.) Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.)Child a

22、s/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.（=Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.）（3）even if, even though 表示“即使”，“纵使”之意。意思基本相同,常可互换使用，但意义有细微差别。even if引导的让步从句含有强烈的假定性，而even though引导让步状语从句时，是以从句的内容为先决条件的。Well make a trip even if/though the weather is bad.Even if

23、he is poor, she loves him. (=He may be poor, yet she loves him.)Even though he is poor, she loves him. (=He is poor, yet she loves him.)（4）whether.or.表示“不论是否”，“不管是还是”之意。Youll have to attend the ceremony whether youre free or busy.Whether you believe it or not, its true.（5）“no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”

24、为“都；不管都”，No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, he would not mind.)No matter who you are, you must keep the law.(=Whoever you are, you must keep the law.注意： “no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句。Whatever (=No matter what) you say, I wont believe you.Ill eat what

25、ever (no matter what) you give me. 练习题1 The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit _the season.A whatever B wherever C whenever D however2 Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _they knew it to be valuable.A as if B now that C even though D so that3 _I really dont like art, I find hi

26、s work impressive.A As B Since C If D While4 _he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.A Since B Unless C As D Although5 _I have some sympathy for them, I dont think they are right to do so.A As B If C While D When6 _the Customs Office, he will have to declare this

27、sort of things he carries with him to the Customs Officer.A No matter who will come through B who come through C No matter whom comes through D Whoever comes through7 What a tight volleyball game! We lost it _we all tried our best.A because B though C until D unless8 This is a very interesting book

28、.Ill buy it , _.A how much may it cost B no matter how it may costC however much it may cost D how may it cost9 All people, _they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.A even if B whether C no matter D however10 Allow children the space

29、to voice their opinions, _they are different from your own.A until B even if C unless D as though11 _well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.A However B Whatever C No matter D Although12 _hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.A Whateve

30、r B Whenever C Wherever D However13 _the Internet is of great help, I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it.A If B While C Because D As14 _you decide to spend your holidays, one thing is certain, you will get to your destination, fresh and safe.A Whatever B Whoever C Wherever D Whi

31、chever15 _, I could not memorize the text.A However hard did I try B However had I triedC However I tried hard D However I had tried hard四原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的连词有：because, since, as , now that ,considering that, for the reason that , due to the fact that, owing to the fact that等1. because引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之后

32、， because表示直接原因， 语气最强， 通常用于回答why引导的疑问句。 I do it because I like it. 2. since，as seeing (that)， now (that)， considering (that)， in that表示“既然，由于”。As/ Since you are not very well, you had better have a rest.Seeing (that) he refused to help us, theres no reason that we should now help him. Now (that) you

33、 are grown up, you should not rely on your parents. Considering (that) everybody is here, lets begin our discussion.In that he is ill, he feels unable to do it. 3For 表示原因关系，对前面内容的推断或猜测。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet now. 练习题1. _ youve got a chance, you might as well make full

34、use of it. A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as2. He found it increasingly difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail. A. and B. For C. But D. or 3.A man cannot smile like a child, _ a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone. A. So B. But C. and D. f

35、or4. I didnt go I was afraid.A. Since B. For C. Because D. Though5. it was raining, we stayed at home.A. because, so B.because ,/ C.because ,for D.if ,so6.I said nothing about it his wife was there. A. since B. so that C. becauseD. unless7. the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. A. bef

36、ore B. since C. till D. After8. it is raining, youd better take a taxi.A. before B. as C. till D. after9. You shouldnt get angry just some people speak ill of you. A. since B. so that C. becauseD. unless10. you are here, youd better stay. A. before B. Now that C. till D. after11. I hurried _I wouldn

37、t be late for class. A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless12. I saw Mr. Smith last Sunday. We had not seen each other _I left London. A. as B. before C. since D. till13. _ you are so weak, youd better stay at home. A. Since B. For C. Because D. Though14. Im sorry youve been waiting so long, but itl

38、l still be some time _ Brian get back.A. before B. since C. till D. after15. Did you return Freds call? I didnt need to _ Ill see him tomorrow. A. though B. unless C. when D. Because五 目的状语从句1. 概念：从句部分是用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的。 2. 引导目的状语从句常用的连词有：so that, in order that, lest, in case, for fear that等。3. 目的状语

39、从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。 You must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard by all. He wrote the name down for fear that he should forget it. Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.六 结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有： so that, sothat, suchthat等 He is so young that

40、 he can not go to school. He is such a young boy that he can not go to school.区别： 1. so.that和such that的区别 so是副词，常常用来修饰形容词或副词, such修饰名词The boy ran so fast that I couldnt catch him. = The boy ran too fast for me to catch .She has such a cute baby that she is quite happy. 注意： 当名词前有many、much、(a) few、(a)

41、 little等词修饰时，句子中要用“so.that.”而不能用“such.that.”。 He has so much money that he can buy what he wants. Ive had so many falls that I have pains here and there. 2. so that .(以便 / 为了)，引导目的状语从句。I got up early so that I could catch the early bus. Please open the window so that we can breathe fresh air. You mu

42、st go now so that you wont be late. 练习题1. He left in _a hurry _he forgot to lock the door.A. such, that B. so, that C. such, as D. so, when2. You must improve your study method _ you may make progress in your studies.A. so as to B. in order to C. so D. in order that3. The Prime Minister got to the p

43、latform and sat down, _to answer the questions. A. preparing B . being preparing C . prepared D . to prepare4. They demanded a rise in their wages _up for the _ cost of living. A. to make, increase B. made, increasedC. to be made, increasing D. making, increasing5. -Why did you move the table over t

44、here? - _ the new sofa.A. To make room for B. Share room with C. Given room to D. Saving room for6. _late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept7. -Ill thank you _my affairs alone. -I will. Its none of my business. A. leaving B. not to leave C. for having left D. to leave8. Not _faith i