高考英语考点总动员系列 专题12 短文改错（解析版）.doc

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1、【母题再现】题型介绍：新课标全国卷的短文改错是一篇约100个单词的短文，文中有10处错误，要求考生对每个句子进行判断，如有错将其改正。错误类型包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等，从这一点我们可以看出该题型的变化和难度有所增加。命题形式：短文改错主要考查:考生运用基本语法知识识别短文中不合乎内容逻辑的错误和语法结构上的各种错误,综合使用英语各项基础知识进行快速阅读理解,掌握短文的内容和内容上的前后逻辑关系,进行相应的纠错。高考选题：题型1：【2014全国新课标II】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句

2、中最多有两处，每处仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m. and ends at 3:30 p.m. They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon .We didnt need to do so many homework .Therefore , we have mo

3、re time with after-school activities .For example , we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day . My dream school look like a big garden .There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings .We can lie on the grass for a rest , or sat by t

4、he lake listening music .The teachers here are kind and helpfully .They are not only our teachers but also our friends .题型2：【2014广西卷】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）”此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾（V);如有错误（每行 只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（ )划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（A )，在该行

5、右边横线上写出该加的词。此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。.注意：原行没有错的不要改。All of us need friendship. The understanding 76._between two friends mean both of them have similar 77._ideas and trusting each other. Otherwise, it is 78._impossible for him to help each other and to make 79._their friendship to last long.

6、As an old saying goes， 80._“A friend in need is a friend indeed.” So really friendship81._should able to stand all sorts of tests. And it is 82._wise to have as many good friends that we can. 83._The more friends we have，the more we can learn for 84._one another, but the more pleasure we can share t

7、ogether.85._解题技巧：解答此类试题，可以从以下几个方面着手考虑：短文改错的考点主要体现在以下几个方面：命题角度解题思路非谓语动词根据非谓语动词在句中的搭配、功能与表达的意义，判断在具体语境中该使用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，判断to是介词还是不定式的符号，判断接带to还是不代to的不定式，根据语境和搭配判断使用非谓语动词的什么形式名词从所有格、可数和不可数、单数还是复数的角度判断文章中名词的使用是否正确，名词的数或格有没有错误冠词单数可数名词前要加冠词；不定冠词与定冠词的区别；固定短语中冠词的使用词语搭配介词与动词、名词、形容词的搭配；副词与动词的搭配；固定句型及习惯搭配中小词的使用；

8、动词短语中的介词搭配词性的错误使用词性错误使用的设置有：用形容词做状语，用副词做定语或表语， 或本该用形容词却用名词做表语等 连接手段的错误并列句、状语从句、名词从句、定语从句的连词是否正确；行文逻辑方面before与after、since等的使用是否正确；如果是并列句，要注意根据语境判断句子之间是转折、并列、选择、递进还是让步关系，从而选择正确的连词，是用and还是but，或者用or。一致性主谓是否一致(谓语动词的单、复数形式与主语保持一致)，时态不一致(动词的时态要与时间状语或上下文的时态保持一致)和代词的指代不一致(主格与宾格，或人称混淆的错误)平行结构行文逻辑平行结构常使用and，bu

9、t，or或连词词组如not onlybut also，notbut，eitheror，neithernor，as well as等。注意根据语境和前后的搭配判断该结构的正确与否根据语境判断表示肯定还是否定含义，以及动作或时间顺序的先后【考点揭秘】高频考点一：注重考查词汇用法错误【2014届河北省唐山市二模】One cold evening during the holiday season, a little boy about six or seven was standing out in the front of a store window The little child has n

10、o shoes and his clothes were just rags A young woman passes by saw the little boy and could read the desire in his pale blue eyes She took the child by the hand and led him into the store There she bought her some new shoes and a complete suit of warmly clothingThey came back outside into the street

11、, so the woman told the child to come home and have a happy holiday The little boy looked her and asked how she was God She smiled and replied that she was just one of His child高频考点二：考查语法、句法错误【2014届河北省邯郸市一次模拟】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号

12、（/），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。 Dear Tom, How is everything going recently? That has been a long time since we meet in China last time. Having passed the finally exams, I am busy planning a two-weeks trip to the US during thi

13、s winter holiday. Do you have any suggestions about the choice of America cities? I prefer to big and modern cities. I guess Id better book a hotel. What is the price for single boy like myself? Is it easy to find Chinese food? What is the traffic like, after I travel between cities in the US? Hope

14、to hearing from you. Thank you! Best regards! Li Hua高频考点三：考查句间逻辑关系错误【2014届河北省衡水中学下学期二调】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。 增加： 在缺词处加一个漏字符号（）,并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。 修改： 在错词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。How can a person recover from emotional problems? A popular op

15、inion suggests that he watches humorous films. And a recent study proves this to be wrong. The study also shows that watching at sad films can make getting over a negative mood a easier job. Emotionalexperiences is important to peoples well-being. People are less likely to share their feelingswith t

16、hese who have had similar experiences. Similar, people prefer movies that reflect theirmood. Thats the reason a sad film can contribute to comfort a sad person more than a pleasant one.【直击高考】【2014四川卷】 短文改错(共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分)下面短文中共有10处语言错误，请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜

17、线（）划掉。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Hello, boys and girls! Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off. If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside. Stay close to your teacher and classmate. Dont panic or

18、get out of line, and trying to remain quiet and calmly. Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire. If its a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom. If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt, tell your teacher immediately.【2014全国新课标II】短文改错

19、（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处，每处仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m. and ends at 3:30 p.m. They are three lessons in the morning and two in the after

20、noon .We didnt need to do so many homework .Therefore , we have more time with after-school activities .For example , we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day . My dream school look like a big garden .There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the cla

21、ssroom buildings .We can lie on the grass for a rest , or sat by the lake listening music .The teachers here are kind and helpfully .They are not only our teachers but also our friends .【2014陕西卷】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌系的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词

22、处加一个漏词符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（ ）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线（ ），并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。 My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven. He wanted teach me about animals, insects and trees. My uncles all come along with bows and arrows for hunting. One ev

23、ening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue. Just then a bird was flying over us. My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird. Neither of the arrows hit the target. Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky they were looked like rain! We ran to escape but

24、fortunately no one was injured. That day I didnt learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!【2014辽宁卷】文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分) 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除:把多余的词用斜线( )划掉。 修改

25、:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; 2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(试题内容如下)Dear Jeremy and Alice，Although weve been delighted to have you as neighbors, were hoping to settle something that bothers to us. In a word, your dogCleo.Weve called several time about Cleos early morning barking. It is di

26、fficult tounderstanding why she barks every minute shes outside. The early morning barkinghave been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby. Beside, Cleo tends tobark a average of six hours a day. This morning she starts barking even before 5oclock. That is too much for us, consider

27、ing how closely the houses are.We appreciate our apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure agood way of settling the matter.Sincerely, Jack and Rose 【2014全国新课标I】短文改错（10分）Nearly five years before, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted Some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our b

28、ack garden. Since then for all these year we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please. As result, the plants aregrowing somewhere. The fruits are small in size,but juicy and taste. There are so muchthat we often share them with our neighbors. Although we allow tomato plants to growi

29、n the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attackproblems. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!【课后反馈】夯实基础：【2014届河北省衡水中学下学期一调】Good morning, everyone. Its great honor for me to speak here. My names Li Xiaojun, born in a harmonious family. My father and mot

30、her are all high school teachers. Influenced by them, I read widely during my early age, but Ive developed a great interest in arts and sports. Im easy-going, get along well with my classmates.It is this personality which helps me win over all my classmates friendships, and also help me overcome man

31、y difficulties both in academic and personal life. Being admitted in your university has always been a beautiful dream for me. I dream constantly that I, along with mine classmates, will study happy with the help of the respectable professors. I dream that I will swim freely in the sea, enjoying the

32、 waves of knowledge.I hope all my dream will come true in the near future. Thank you.能力拓展：【2014届河南许昌新乡平顶山三市二调】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同学写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加；在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除；把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意；1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不

33、计分。Dear Mr. Green,I am very exciting to learn that we are going to start a magazine together. It is indeed a wonderful idea and everyone hopes its success.I would like a magazine to have three columns. News, Teachers Advice or Students Voice. From the News column we can learn about what was going on

34、 in both of our schools. In Teachers Advice, our teacher can give us such help that we may not be able to get in the classroom. Students Voice will allow us to free express our thoughts and feelings about our lives and studies.I believe that this magazine will surely strengthen between our ties, and

35、 I am looking forward to read it. Yours faithfully, Li Hua自我提升：【2014届河南商丘市三模】More and more foreigners like to come to China. Last Friday the foreign teacher was invited to our school give a lecture to the students of Senior Grade Two. We found his lecture lively and interestingly. I learned a lot of

36、 from him. The teacher talked to us freely with easy English. He spoke so slowly that we understand him very well. Sometimes he repeated that we didnt understand. My classmates were all active in the class. To my joys, I understood everything the teacher said. And I was able to ask question in Engli

37、sh . I was deeply encouraged. I think if we practise like this, to learn spoken English well will be easily for us.【名师小结】在解答有关短文改错的试题时，考生应注意：1通读全文，掌握大意 快速通读短文，要迅速把握短文的题材、中心思想与故事的时间、地点、原因、结果以及人物关系等要素，并理清行文的时态、人物与逻辑等方面的问题。虽然短文改错是分行设错的，但判断只能以句子作为意义单位，做到行不离句，句不离文；孤立地在一词一句上寻觅错误的“只见树木，不见森林”的改错法很容易让人产生烦躁情绪

38、，影响解题效果。因此，我们必须坚持从整体到局部，再从局部到整体，把握全局，用整体理解去攻克词、句、篇上的错误。 2整句理解，逐行分析 这是最关键的一步。根据词法和句法知识，检查和判断错误所在。可逐行检查主谓、时态、人称是否一致；关系词、代词使用是否正确；动词形式是否恰当；表达是否符合习惯用法等，分析判断所述多个考查项目在句中的正误。 3.复读全文，检查验证 将初步改错后的短文再次细读，检查并验证所做的答案是否使全文语气连贯流畅，行文逻辑是否合乎情理，全篇结构是否严密完整，凡遇不通之处要进行细致的分析和推敲，以便使答案更有把握。此时，若有一两个拿不准的，不可举棋不定，可以根据此项命题的特点，运用错误类型的比例来做最后定夺。