鱼类学实习报告.doc
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1、 鱼 类 学 实 习 报 告06水产2班二组 成员:摘要:通过对渔源水库的鱼类调查。主要对餐条这一鱼类进行了研究。主要调查了其食性年龄繁殖与发育体长与体重的关系及相关公式,并取得大量可测数据。通过研究对餐条可定性为水库水塘等养殖环境一野杂鱼类。本小组通过采集和解剖的方法进行研究,并与其他小组分工合作测得其:最大的餐条也没有超过30CM,由此验证了餐条属于小型鱼类。餐条的背鳍为79,胸鳍为1213,腹鳍为810,臀鳍为1214,餐条的侧线鳞为4857,鳃耙1520。餐条主要食用无脊椎动物,在肠道的解剖中还发现了藻类,有机碎屑,寡毛类的尸体。餐条体长于体重的关系式为W=1.95610-2L2.92
2、8。本次实验数据真实可靠,实验方法过程值得推广。关键词:餐条 体长 体重 食性实验材料与方法材料主要有餐条,直尺,显微镜,天平,手术刀,镊子,手术剪。方法是先进行鱼体的体表测量体长,体高,体重,鳍式,鳞式;再进行鳃和咽齿的观察;最后进行鱼体内胀的观察生殖腺,肠道。餐条(Hemiculler leucisculus)属鲤形目鲌亚科餐属,是一种繁殖快、生活力强的小型鱼类。其形态特征是:体扁而长,头后背面平直,腹部略外凸,鳔2室。腹棱完全。侧线在胸鳍上方急剧向下弯曲,至臀鳍基底后方又弯折上行至尾柄正中。头尖,口端位,口裂向上倾斜。上、下颌几乎等长,眼大、侧位、背鳍末根不分支鳍条是光滑硬刺,其长度短于
3、头长。体呈银白色,背部为青灰色。餐条在静水、流水中都能生长、繁殖。常群栖于水体沿岸区的上层,行动迅速。从春至秋喜集群于沿岸水面游泳觅食,冬季则潜藏于深水层。普通1冬龄鱼的性腺就可发育成熟,而东北地区需2冬龄才能达到性成熟。雄鱼第一次性成熟个体体长约在10厘米左右,雌鱼约在11.5厘米左右。生殖季节一般在5-6月份,东北地区延至7月份。怀卵量0.8-1.8万粒。产卵场所在水流较缓慢或静水的浅水地带,产出的卵粘附于水草或砾石上发育。为杂食性鱼类,其食物组成以藻类为主,此外,尚有高等植物碎屑、甲壳动物、寡毛类、水生昆虫等。幼鱼主要以浮游动物为食。 本次实验一共测量餐条82尾,有详细实验数据的38尾。
4、测量了餐条的各项数据,如体长,体重,鳞式等。实验用鱼来自学校渔源水库,于2007年捕捞,用福尔马林保存1年。着重研究餐条体长于体重之间的关系。1 餐条的变异性状:1.1 可测数据:全长CM体长CM体高CM体重CM头长CM吻长CM眼径CM眼间距CM眼后头长CM尾柄长CM尾柄高CM18.5153.8423.410.811.42.31.71713.92.9353.31.90.81.11.51.6待添加的隐藏文字内容21.21814.73.5403.10.80.911.521.521173.9643.91.10.91.51.831.921173.9643.91.10.91.51.831.916.313
5、.43.6303.11.20.81.30.62.31.717.713.83.4493.40.80.81.41.81.51.417.814.23.1273.210.81.31.52.21.419.515.43.7583.51.10.91.81.52.21.416.314.23.1333.20.90.80.20.63.21.41814.53.2333.410.81.11.72.51.314.511.82.6232.60.70.711.22.21.116.813.63.3193.2111.51.62.81.318.214.43.2443.40.80.81.21.42.41.31714.93.5483
6、.30.90.811.61.91.318.214.74453.310.81.51.92.51.519.5164503.51.10.851.51.82.71.717.414.33.8393.410.90.81.52.51.718.5153.8423.410.811.42.31.71713.92.9353.31.90.81.11.51.61.21814.73.5403.10.80.911.521.521173.9643.91.10.91.51.831.921173.9643.91.10.91.51.831.916.313.43.6303.11.20.81.30.62.31.717.713.83.4
7、493.40.80.81.41.81.51.417.814.23.1273.210.81.31.52.21.419.515.43.7583.51.10.91.81.52.21.416.314.23.1333.20.90.80.20.63.21.41814.53.2333.410.81.11.72.51.314.511.82.6232.60.70.711.22.21.116.813.63.3193.2111.51.62.81.318.214.43.2443.40.80.81.21.42.41.31714.93.5483.30.90.811.61.91.318.214.74453.310.81.5
8、1.92.51.519.5164503.51.10.851.51.82.71.717.414.33.8393.410.90.81.52.51.7由表可知最大的餐条也没有超过30CM,由此验证了餐条属于小型鱼类。背鳍 胸鳍 腹鳍 臀鳍长高鳍条数长高鳍条数长高鳍条数长高鳍条数1.62.590.93.3120.62.3102.41.8121.32.490.83130.41.9131.61.4141.22.290.72.8130.51.291.81.8131.93.180.83.390.62.481.71.891.93.180.83.390.62.481.71.891.52.580.753.1120.
9、42.1582.11.8131.42.280.63.4130.42.391.81.613/2.4/1.52.88/1.82121.52.97/2.21.681.42.38/1.71.5120.92/0.52.3/0.41.6/1.41.3/1.12.2/0.52.4/0.51.7/1.51.4/1.12.380.62.5161.51.781.71.6131.92.780.93110.72.182.31.6121.72.790.73.3120.52.392.11.7121.82.980.753.2100.552.381.91.7101.62.490.63.1150.52.292.41.9121.
10、62.590.93.3120.62.3102.41.8121.32.490.83130.41.9131.61.4141.22.290.72.8130.51.291.81.8131.93.180.83.390.62.481.71.891.93.180.83.390.62.481.71.891.52.580.753.1120.42.1582.11.8131.42.280.63.4130.42.391.81.613/2.4/1.52.88/1.82121.52.97/2.21.681.42.38/1.71.5120.92/0.52.3/0.41.6/1.41.3/1.12.2/0.52.4/0.51
11、.7/1.51.4/1.12.380.62.5161.51.781.71.6131.92.780.93110.72.182.31.6121.72.790.73.3120.52.392.11.7121.82.980.753.2100.552.381.91.7101.62.490.63.1150.52.292.41.9121.62.280.82.8160.62.281.91.51312.380.52.2120.42.182.71.1251.12.170.72.7110.52.181.51.6111.72.580.82.6130.4291.81.6121.62.790.73140.52.181.71
12、.8121.328/2.42.18/2.11.812由上表可知餐条的背鳍为79,胸鳍为1213,腹鳍为810,臀鳍为12141.2 可数数据:咽齿式鳞式鳃耙左内列外列右内列外列慓室脊椎数鳍式DCA4_4519/4403037332室1瓢37I823I134,3,2_2,3,44710/4303228312室1瓢39I824I121,2,4_5,3,2458/3403037332室1瓢35I722I84_45510/5403037332室1瓢35I722I84_45512/9243229232室1瓢35I622I121,3,5_4,4,2528/3201516232室1瓢35I720I125,3
13、,3_2,4,4548/3322426302室1瓢35I718I114_4499/528202室1瓢30I719I114_4489/3312433262室1瓢39I717I84_46211/4413544362室1瓢43I821I125,2,4_5,4,16211/6231633212室1瓢32I7215,3,4_4,2,27213/7251835232室1瓢33I7 214,5_3,3,4509/6231724192室1瓢36I7 21134,5_3,3,4498/5201723162室1瓢38I7 21121,3,5_4,4,2489/3283325302室1瓢36I822I112,3,5
14、_4,3,3476/2353130322室1瓢34I722I92,3,5_4,3,25012/4263228332室1瓢42I723I122,3,5_4,4,25412/5243327312室1瓢40I722I124_4519/4403037332室1瓢37I823I134,3,2_2,3,44710/4303228312室1瓢39I824I121,2,4_5,3,2458/3403037332室1瓢35I722I84_45510/5403037332室1瓢35I722I84_45512/9243229232室1瓢35I622I121,3,5_4,4,2528/3201516232室1瓢I72
15、0I125,3,3_2,4,4548/3322426302室1瓢35I718I114_4499/528202室1瓢30I719I114_4489/3312433262室1瓢39I717I84_46211/4413544362室1瓢43I821I125,2,4_5,4,16211/6231633212室1瓢32I75,3,4_4,2,27213/7251835232室1瓢33I74,5_3,3,4509/6231724192室1瓢36I7134,5_3,3,4498/5201723162室1瓢38I7121,3,5_4,4,2489/3283325302室1瓢36I822I112,3,5_4,3
16、,3476/2353130322室1瓢34I722I92,3,5_4,3,25012/4263228332室1瓢42I723I122,3,5_4,4,25412/5243327312室1瓢40I722I12由上表可知餐条的侧线鳞为4857,鳃耙1520。1.3 餐条食性编号消化道充满度重长形态脂肪级脂肪重食性分析11.414.4盘旋状0.3有机碎屑21.517.4盘旋状0.9有机碎屑,藻类31.717.9盘旋状0.9藻类43.716盘旋状1.2有机碎屑50.613.5盘旋状0.5有机碎屑,杂食,浮游植物6421盘旋状1.7有机碎屑,杂食,浮游植物7421盘旋状1.7有机碎屑,杂食,浮游植物84
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