黄金29篇真题经典难句收集Saavedro.doc
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1、黄金29篇真题经典难句收集1. Only the last of these was suited at all to the continuous operating of machines, and although waterpower abounded in Lancashire and Scotland and ran grain mills as well as textile mills, it had one great disadvantage:Streams flowed where nature intended them to and water-driven fact
2、ories had to be located on their banks whether or not the location was desirable for other reasons.2. Early in the century, a pump had come into use in which expanding steam raised a piston(活塞) in a cylinder(汽缸),and atmospheric pressure brought it down again when the steam condensed inside the cylin
3、der to form a vacuum3. The final step came when steam was introduced into the cylinder to drive the piston backward as well as forward thereby increasing the speed of the engine and cutting its fuel consumption.4. Coal gas rivaled smoky oil lamps and flickering candles, and early in the new century,
4、 welltodo Londoners grow accustomed to gaslights houses and even streets. 5. Iron manufacturers which had starved for fuel while depending on charcoal also benefited from ever-increasing supplies of coal; blast furnaces with steam-powered bellows turned out more iron and steel for the new machinery6
5、. At the same time, operators of the first printing presses run by steam rather than by hand found it possible to produce a thousand pages in an hour rather than thirty7. In some industrial regions, heavily laden wagons,with flanged wheels,were being hauled by horses along metal rails; and the stati
6、onary steam engine was puffing in the factory and mine.8. Another generation passed before Inventors succeeded in combining these ingredients by putting the engine on wheels and the wheels on the rails, so as to provide a machine to take the place of the horse. 9. When he grew older William Smith ta
7、ught himself surveying from books he bought with his small savings and at the age of eighteen he was apprenticed to a surveyor of the local parish. 10. The companies building the canals to transport coal needed surveyors to help them find the coal deposits worth mining as well as to determine the be
8、st courses for the canals. 11. He later worked on similar jobs across the length and breadth of England all the while studying the newly revealed strata and collecting all the fossils he could find12. But as more and more accumulations of strata were cataloged in more and more places, it became clea
9、r that the sequences of rocks sometimes differed from region to region and that no rock type was ever going to become a reliable time marker throughout the world. 13. Quartz is quartza silicon ion surrounded by four oxygen ions theres no difference at all between two-million-year-old Pleistocene qua
10、rtz and Cambrian quartz created over 500 million years ago14. As he collected fossils from strata throughout England, Smith began to see that the fossils told a different story from the rocks particularly in the younger strata the rocks were often so similar that he had trouble distinguishing the st
11、rata, but he never had trouble telling the fossils apart. 15. While rock between two consistent strata might in one place be shale and in sandstone, the fossils in that shale or sandstone were always the same. 16. Some fossils endured through so many millions of years that they appear in many strata
12、, but others occur only in a few strata, and a few species had their births and extinctions within one particular stratum. 17. By following the fossils, Smith was able to put all the strata of Englands earth into relative temporal sequence. 18. Limestone may be found in the Cambrian or-300 million y
13、ears later-in the Jurassic strata but a trilobitethe ubiquitous marine arthropod that had its birth in the Cambrianwill never be found in Jurassic strata, nor a dinosaur in the Cambrian.19. The sheer passage of time does not account for it; adults have excellent recognition of pictures of people who
14、 attended high school with them 35 years earlier. 20. Children two and a half to three years old remember experiences that occurred in their first year, and eleven month older than them can remember some events a year later. 21. Nor does the hypothesis that infantile amnesia reflects repression- or
15、holding back- of sexually charged episodes explain the phenomenon.22. Maturation of the frontal lobes of the brain continues throughout early childhood, and this part of the brain may be critical for remembering particular episodes in ways that can be retrieved later. 23. Consistent with this view p
16、arents and children increasingly engage in discussions of past events when children are about three years old. 24. The better able the person is to reconstruct the perspective from which the material was encoded, the more likely that recall will be successful. 25. The world looks very different to a
17、 person whose head is only two or three feet above the ground than to one whose head is five or six feet above it, 0lder children and adults often try to retrieve the names of things they saw, but infants would not have encoded the information verbally26. Conversely,improved encoding of what they he
18、ar may help them better understand and remember stories and thus make the stories more useful for remembering future events.27. Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.28. Pakicetus was found embedded in rocks formed from river de
19、posits that were 52 million years old. 29. The skull is cetacean-like but its jawbones lack the enlarged space that is filled with fat or oil and used for receiving underwater sound in modern whales.30. Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethy
20、s Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert. 31. The expansion of desert like conditions into areas where they did not previously exist is called desertification.32. In some cases the loose soil is blown completely away, leaving a stony surface. 33. Desertification is accomplished primarily through t
21、he loss of stabilizing natural vegetation and the subsequent accelerated erosion of the soil by wind and water. 34. The impact of raindrops on the loose soil tends to transfer fine clay particles into the tiniest soil spaces, sealing them and producing a surface that allows very little water penetra
22、tion. 35. The gradual drying of the soil caused by its diminished ability to absorb water results in the further loss of vegetation, so that a cycle of progressive surface deterioration is established. 36. In some regions, the increase in desert areas is occurring largely as the result of a trend to
23、ward drier climatic conditions. 37. The process may be accelerated in subsequent decades if global warming resulting from air pollution seriously increases. 38. The semiarid lands bordering the deserts exist in a delicate ecological balance and are limited in their potential to adjust to increased e
24、nvironmental pressures. 39. During the dry periods that are common phenomena along the desert margins, though, the pressure on the land is often far in excess of its diminished capacity, and desertification results. 40. Since the raising of most crops necessitates the prior removal of the natural ve
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