中国股市市场效率研究毕业论文.doc
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1、硕士学位论文中国股市市场效率研究申请人: 学科专业:金融学指导教师: 2012年6月The Study of Chinas Stock Market Efficiency A thesis Submitted toXian Jiaotong UniversityIn partial fulfillment of the requirementfor the degree ofMaster of EconomicsByYong Jiang(Finance)Supervisor: Associated Prof. Rong Lan June 2012论文题目:中国股市市场效率研究学科(专业):金融
2、学 摘 要有效市场假说是有关市场效率的最早理论,从上世纪三十年代至世纪末不断被接受并当做事实传承。然而上世纪中后期许多相关的研究结果都对有效市场假说形成挑战,其中包括日历效应、星期效应、小公司效应等。在我国,有关市场效率的研究也很多,不过截止目前为止的研究得出的结论不尽一致,支持和反对弱势有效的观点同时存在。实际上,在传统金融市场理论中,理性人、正态分布及有限方差的假设,以及以这些假设为基础的理论和模型,如有效市场假说(EMH)理论、资本资产定价模型(CAPM)及套利定价理论(APT)等,一直都在与经验事实相矛盾的背景下发展的。而倘若EMH理论有问题,那么资本市场中的多数理论和模型就会具有很大
3、的局限性。因此,人们需要寻找新的理论和方法,并且它们应该更加符合观察到的现象和事实,包括人的有限理性特征,非线性的市场反馈机制,以及市场中存在的分形和混沌状态等。建立在非线性范式基础上的分形市场假说(FMH)理论,或许便是截至目前为止人们所寻找的最符合期望的答案。 价格满足随机游动规律的市场将是有效的市场,因为这样的市场其价格具有不可预测性,人们无法根据这些信息来赚取额外的利润。因此,本文借用基于FMH的非线性R/S分析法对我国股市进行新的分析,通过赫斯特指数H来衡量股价数据的参差不齐程度,定量得出我国股市的有效性程度大小。本文选择我国股市2001至2010十年间的数据进行分析,得其H值约为0
4、.7,明显大于0.5,因此认为我国股市在该十年间呈现弱势非有效的状态。本文试着从两个方面,也即市场的内部和外部,分别对我国股市弱势非有效的原因进行了分析。一方面,本文运用非线性Polya模型分析了股市对信息的反馈作用,通过简化的假设来模拟影响股价的因素是如何影响价格变化的,并通过蝴蝶效应进一步说明市场的非线性反馈作用是真实存在的,其对市场效率的发挥有直接的影响;另一方面,本文运用行为金融学中的理论对投资者的非理性行为进行了介绍和总结,认为理性人假说在实际中是不成立的,投资者的非理性行为以及有限套利的存在将对市场价格的变化产生间接的影响,使价格在一定程度上失当,市场有效性也会因此大打折扣。关 键
5、 词:有效市场假说;分型市场假说;R/S分析法;赫斯特指数;反馈;投资者行为 论文类型:应用研究Title: The Study of Chinas Stock Market Efficiency Speciality: FinanceApplicant: Yong JiangSupervisor: Associated Prof. Rong LanABSTRACTThe Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) is the earliest theories about market efficiency, which is accepted and carrie
6、d on as a fact from the thirties to the end of the last century. However, Late in the last century, research and findings propose a challenge to EMH, including the Calendar Effect, the Week Effect, and the Small Firm Effect. Much research on market efficiency have be conducted in our country, while
7、no identical conclusion has formed until now, views for and against the idea that the market is vulnerable effective exist at the same time.Actually, in the traditional theories of financial market, the assumptions of rational people, normal distribution, finite variance, and the theories or models
8、based on these assumptions, such as Efficient market Hypothesis (EMH), the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), and the Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT), have been developing under the context of being in contradiction with the empirical facts. If there are doubts with EMH, then the majority of the cap
9、ital market theories and models would have significant limitations. Therefore, new theories and methods need be found, which should fit with the observed phenomena and facts better, including the limited rational characteristics of people, the nonlinear mechanism of the market, and the presence of f
10、ractal and chaotic states in the market. The Fractal Market Hypothesis (FMH) based on the nonlinear paradigm comes into being, which may be the most desired answer people are looking for so far.The market will be effective if the price of which meet with the law of Random Walk, because the price is
11、unpredictable and people cannot use the information to earn extra profits. Therefore, this thesis conducts a new empirical test on the efficiency of Chinas stock market by using the nonlinear R/S analysis which is based on FMH, and using the Hurst exponent H to measure the unevenness and randomness
12、of the price data, from which the efficiency of the market can be quantitatively find out.This thesis selects the data between 2001 and 2010 of Chinas stock market. The result shows that the H is about 0.7, greater than 0.5 obviously, which means that the Chinas stock market is vulnerable non-effect
13、ive.This thesis tries to analysis the possible reason for the vulnerable non-effective status of the stock market from two aspects. On the one hand, this thesis uses the non-linear Polya model to analyze the feedback effect of the market, and simulate the process how the factors affect the change of
14、 price by simplifying the model, then illustrate the the existing of feedback mechanism in the real world and its direct effect on the efficiency of the market by the example of Butterfly Effect; On the other hand, this thesis presents the theories of behavioral finance to introduce and summarize th
15、e irrational behavior of investors, and believes that rational people is not exist in the real world. The irrational behavior of investors and the existence of limited arbitrage will indirectly affect the change of price, which would be distorted, and the efficiency of the market will be greatly red
16、uced as a result.KEY WORDS: EMH; FMH; R/S analysis; Hurst Exponent; Feedback; Investors BehaviorTYPE OF DISSERTATION: Applied Research目 录1绪论11.1 研究背景和意义11.2 研究综述21.2.1 国外研究综述21.2.2 国内研究综述41.2.3 国内研究综述小结61.3 本文研究思路和框架72 市场效率研究理论与方法92.1 市场效率概念与传统研究方法92.1.1 市场效率92.1.2 市场效率传统研究方法102.1.3 线性范式和EMH的失灵122.2
17、 分形市场假说与非线性范式理论132.2.1 分形概念132.2.2 分形维概念142.2.3 赫斯特指数H和重标极差分析法142.2.4 分形市场假说162.2.5 非线性范式理论173 我国股市有效性检验193.1 检验方法R/S分析法193.2 样本与数据处理203.2.1 样本203.2.2 数据处理213.3 结果分析254 我国股市弱势非有效的原因分析274.1 市场内部原因信息反馈机制274.1.1 反馈作用274.1.2 非线性Polya模型294.1.3 简化假设304.1.4 蝴蝶效应324.1.5 反馈机制中的不足334.2 市场外部原因投资者行为344.2.1 噪声交易
18、354.2.2 投资者信念354.2.3 投资者偏好374.2.4 羊群效应384.2.5 有限套利394.2.6 小结405 总结与展望425.1 本文主要工作成果425.2 相关研究展望42参考文献44附录46致 谢52声明CONTENTS1 Preface11.1 Research background and significance11.2 Research review on market efficiency21.2.1 External research21.2.2 Internal research41.2.3 Summary of ineternal research 61
19、.3 The framework of the research72 Market efficiency theory and test methods92.1 Market efficiency and traditional test methods 92.1.1 Market efficiency92.1.2 Traditional test methods102.1.3 The failure of linear paradigm and EMH122.2 Theory of FMH and non-linear paradigm132.2.1 Concept of Fractal13
20、2.2.2 Concept of Fractal dimension142.2.3 Hurst exponent and Rescaled range analysis142.2.4 FMH162.2.5 Non-linear paradigm173 Efficiency test of Chinas stock market193.1 Test methodsR/S analysis193.2 Sample and data process203.2.1 Sample203.2.2 Data process213.3 Result analysis254 Reason analysis fo
21、r the vulnerable non-efficient state of Chinas stock market274.1 Internal reason-The feedback mechanism274.1.1 Feedback effect274.1.2 Non-linear polya model294.1.3 Simplifying assumption304.1.4 The Butterfly Effect324.1.5 Indeficiency in the feedback mechnism334.2 External reason-The investor behavi
22、or344.2.1 Noise Trading354.2.2 Investor sentiment354.2.3 Investor preferences374.2.4 Herding384.2.5 Limited arbitrage394.2.6 Summary405 Summary and Outlook425.1 Main work and result425.2 Outlook of related research42References44Appendices46Acknowledgements52Declaration1绪论资本市场的效率研究一直都是金融学领域中备受关注的一个课题
23、,因为市场的效率状况是人们研究与市场相关理论以及在市场中进行投资等行为的基本前提,认识市场的运行状况具有重要的意义。本文将对我国股市市场效率进行实证分析。本章首先介绍本文的研究背景和意义,接着对国外及国内有关市场效率的研究进行了综述,并进一步从不同侧面对国内的研究进行小结,最后提出本文的研究思路和框架。1.1研究背景和意义自上世纪中后期许多研究结果都对有效市场假说(EMH)形成挑战后,众多学者开始对市场的有效性进行实证检验。市场弱势有效在一定程度上已经在国外市场上得到证实。国外早期的实证研究较为充分的证实了市场弱势有效和半强势有效,但没有明显实证结果显示市场是强势有效的。国外学者针对市场有效性
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