基于VaR的中国开放式基金收益与风险关系实证研究硕士毕业论文.doc
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1、学校编码: 分类号 密级 学号: UDC 硕 士 学 位 论 文 基于VaR的中国开放式基金收益与风险关系实证研究The Empirical Study on the Relationship between Chinese Open-end Funds Return and Risk Based on VaR 指导教师姓名: 一级学科名称: 应用经济学 二级学科名称: 金融工程学 论文答辩时间: 摘 要自1997年11月证券投资基金管理暂行办法颁布实施以来,经过十几年的快速发展,中国证券投资基金以其专业投资管理、理性投资行为,成为我国证券市场上主要的机构投资者之一。与之伴随的,是我国证券投资
2、基金基民队伍的迅速发展。但是我们不得不承认,我国金融市场尚不成熟,投机氛围浓烈,市场风险变动较大。尤其是金融危机之后,证券投资基金表现不尽人意,与其他权益类高风险投资工具相比,并没有表现出“低风险低收益”的特性。因此,研究我国基金收益和风险是否对等,具有很强的现实意义。现代投资组合理论认为:风险和收益之间存在着正相关关系,投资组合面临的风险越大,投资者要求的风险溢价就会越高,即期望收益也就越高。证券市场上也普遍存在着这样一种认识-要想获得高额回报就得承担更大的风险。然而,最近很多学者发现,在公司战略领域存在“风险-收益悖论”,即高风险低利润和低风险高利润现象。另外,美国金融学教授鲍勃豪根通过对
3、1963年2007年的股票市场研究发现:股票市场存在“风险-收益悖论”,那些有着最高风险的股票创造了最低的回报,而那些有着最低风险的股票则创造了最高的回报。换句话说,股票的风险和回报应该成反比才对。因此,我国证券投资基金的收益和风险关系如何,研究中国证券投资基金收益和风险是否对等,就显得极其迫切。VaR(Value at Risk)在险价值,建立在严谨的科学基础之上,利用统计思想,为用户提供了衡量市场风险的综合性方法。其定义为:在给定的置信水平下,一定的时间内,持有一种证券或者投资组合可能遭受的最大损失。由于其在风险衡量方面的前瞻性,已成为世界上衡量金融市场风险的关键技术。自从1994年JP摩
4、根首次在年报中使用VaR来披露其金融风险以后,VaR已经迅速成为全球金融风险管理新标准。许多研究结果表明,VaR能真实地反映基金风险,将在险价值运用到证券投资基金风险度量具有很大的价值。所以,本文采用VaR来衡量基金风险。本文主要检验我国证券投资基金收益和VaR、VaR是否存在相关性、存在什么样的相关关系以及相关性是否会随着时间、经济状况的变化而变化。证券投资基金收益率采用样本数据的自然对数之差,由于基金收益率不满足正态分布,所以本文在计算VaR时,分别采用参数和非参数方法来度量基金风险,以囊括收益率的尖峰后尾特征。其中非参数VaR通过历史模拟法计算,参数VaR分别采用Cornish和Fish
5、er扩展模型和GARCH模型。通过构造基金组合水平分析和基金横截面回归,本文发现基金收益率和VaRs(参数、非参数)存在较弱的正相关关系。其后依2007年10月为分割点,把样本分为两个子样本:前危机时期和后危机时期,进一步发现危机前时期收益率和VaR存在着较强的正相关,但是在后危机时期,收益率和VaR呈现负相关关系。这在一定程度上说明了,我国开放式基金风险和收益并不对等-高风险不一定带来高收益。采取同样的方法本文发现:从整个样本时期来看,较低的VaR对应着较高的收益率,但是前危机时期较低的VaR和较高VaR都对应着较高的收益率,这意味着基金经理在牛市中大幅降低风险和增加风险都能获得较高收益;后
6、危机时期,收益率和VaR存在负相关关系,这种负相关性意味着在金融危机时期,减小证券投资基金风险可以增大基金收益。本文也发现Bali,Gokcan和Liang(2006)基于危机前样本所提出的对冲基金投资策略在市场异常波动时无效。关键词:风险收益关系,Value at Risk,横截面回归,GARCHABSTRACTSince November 1997, Interim Measures on Securities Investment Fund Management promulgated, after ten years of rapid development, Chinas secur
7、ities investment funds in their professional investment management, rational investment behavior, become one of the major institutional investors on the securities market of China. Meanwhile, Chinas securities investment fund investors is growing rapidly. But we also have to admit, due to Chinas fin
8、ancial market is not mature, speculative atmosphere of intense, large changes in market risk, especially after the financial crisis, securities investment fund income did not meet investor expectations, and compared to other high-risk equity investment instruments ,the securities investment fund did
9、 not show low-risk low-income characteristics. Therefore, the studying of whether our high-risk funds to bring high-yield, has a strong practical significance.Modern portfolio theory tell us that a positive relationship exists between risk and return ,portfolio risk the greater ,the risk premium inv
10、estors demand will be higher, that is, the higher expected return.Stock market has such a widespread understanding: if you want to get high returns,you had to take greater risks. Recently, however, many scholars have found that there is risk - income paradox in the field of corporate strategy. In ad
11、dition,the U.S. finance professor Bob Haugen who spend half the time to study the stock markets found that there is a big secret in the stock market:those with the highest-risk stock to create a minimum of in return, while those with the lowest risk of the stock is to create the highest return, in o
12、ther words, stock returns should be inversely proportional to the risks. Therefore, it becomes extremely urgent to study Chinas securities investment fund return and risk relationship.VaR (Value at Risk), based on rigorous scientific basis and the use of statistical thinking, provides users a compre
13、hensive measure of market risk approach.Value at risk is a probalistic method of measuring the potential loss in portfolio value over a given time period and for a given distribution of historical returns.Value at risk has risen above other risk measures as the dominating method of quantifying risk.
14、 Since 1994 ,JP Morgan has firstly used VaR in its annual report to disclose their financial risks, VaR has quickly become the new standard for global financial risk management. Many studies show that, VaR can truly reflect the Funds risk. Therefore, this article uses VaR to measure the Funds risks.
15、In this paper, we mainly test the relationship between return and risk(Var, VaR) ,and test whether the correlation changes over time in different economic conditions.In the paper,we use the natural logarithm difference of the sample data as the Funds returns.Because the return does not meet the norm
16、al distribution, so we respectively use parametric and nonparametric methods to measure risk to cover the tail characteristics.We calulate non-parametric VaR by historical simulation method, parameters VaR by Cornish and Fisher extended model and GARCH models.By constructing the portfolio level and
17、fund cross-sectional regression analysis, the paper found that there is a weak positive correlation between fund returns and VaRs (parameters, non-parametric). Then,we divided the sample into two sub-samples: pre-crisis period and the post-crisis period by October 2007 as a division point, and furth
18、er found that there is a strong positive correlation between the pre-crisis period rate of return and VaR, but in the post-crisis period, there is a strong negative correlation. This explains to some extent that high-risk may not bring high-yield. Take the same approach we found that: the entire sam
19、ple period from the point of view, the lower VaR corresponds to a higher rate of return, but before the crisis higher VaR and lower VaR corresponds to a higher rate of return, which means fund managers in reducing and increasing risk in a bull market access to higher income risk.Post-crisis period,
20、there is a negative correlation between the rate of return and VaR, negative correlation means that, reducing the risk of securities investment funds can increase the income of the Fund in the financial crisis. This article also found Bali, Gokcan and Liang (2006) based on samples of the proposed pr
21、e-crisis hedge fund investment strategies in the market, abnormal fluctuations invalid.Key Words: Risk-return relationship,Value at Risk,Cross-sectional regression, GARCH目 录1导论81.1选题背景81.2研究意义81.3本文结构和主要特色91.3.1本文结构91.3.2.创新点92文献综述102.1证券投资基金风险衡量方法文献综述102.2风险和收益关系文献综述123相关理论介绍143.1证券投资基金概述143.2风险价值V
22、aR143.2.1风险价值VaR概述143.2.2VaR计算时,定量因素的选择163.2.3VaR衡量风险的优势和不足173.2.4VaR的计算方法-历史模拟法173.3GARCH(p,q)-VaR模型184样本选择与研究方法204.1样本选取204.2基金收益率序列描述性统计204.2.1收益率序列的非正态分布检验204.2.2收益率序列的平稳性检验214.2.3收益率ARCH检验214.3研究方法224.3.1非参数VaR234.3.2参数VaR234.3.3构造VaR组合234.3.4基金收益对VaR、资产规模和存续期的横截面回归244.3.5滞后阶数的确定255实证结果275.1基于V
23、aR值的基金组合构造275.1.1全样本分析275.1.2金融危机前时间段分析285.1.3金融危机时间段分析295.2横截面回归315.2.1收益率对VaR、资产规模和存续期的回归315.2.2不同时间段下收益率对参数VaR、非参数VaR、GARCH VaR的回归结果315.3基金收益率和VaR相关关系实证结果325.3.1VaR组合的构造和分析325.3.2金融危机前时期和金融危机时期335.3.3不同VaR对VaR和收益率关系的影响356结论与原因解释396.1结论396.2原因解释406.2.1对基金收益率和VaR相关关系实证结果解释406.2.2对基金收益率和VaR相关关系实证结果解
24、释416.3本文不足42参考文献43后 记461导论1.1选题背景现代投资组合理论主要基于有效市场和理性投资者两个假设。有效市场是指证券市场是完美无缺的,没有摩擦。理性投资者主要是投资者厌恶风险,风险一定时,投资者偏好期望收益较大的投资组合,期望收益一定的条件下,会选择风险较小的投资组合。基于这些假设,资本资产定价模型CAPM对有效组合的期望收益率和风险之间的关系提供了十分完整的阐述,即风险和收益存在正的相关性,投资者的预期收益与其承担的风险成正比。但是,随着近些年金融市场的快速发展,市场上出现越来越多的违背传统金融理论的现象。金融学教授鲍勃豪根通过对1963年至2007年的研究发现股票收益和
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