毕业论文（设计）基于PC929 的IGBT 驱动和保护电路设计.doc

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1、基于PC929的IGBT驱动和保护电路设计訾振宁 郝瑞祥 游小杰 郑琼林（北京交通大学电气工程学院 北京 100044）摘要：本文根据IGBT器件特性总结了驱动电路的设计要求。采用PC929设计了一种简单、实用的IGBT驱动电路，分析了保护电路的性能。进行的正常开通关断实验和故障保护实验表明，该电路可满足IGBT驱动的要求，并具有可靠的保护功能。关键词：IGBT；驱动电路；保护电路PC929-based Drive and Protection Circuit for IGBTZi Zhenning Hao Ruixiang You Xiaojie Trillion Q Zheng(Schoo

2、l of Electrical Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China)Abstract: IGBT drive circuit demand of the design are concluded in this paper, according to the IGBT component characteristics. A simple and practical PC929-based drive and protection circuit for IGBT designed by ourselv

3、es is introduced, and its protection circuit performance has analyzed. It has been testified by switch experiment and fault protection experiment that it can satisfy the IGBT drive request, and has the reliable protection function.Keywords: IGBT; Drive circuit; Protection circuit1.引言绝缘门极双极型晶体管IGBT (

4、Isolated Gate Bipolar Transistor)，是八十年代中期发展起来的一种复合了功率场效应管和电力晶体管优点的新型复合器件，既具有输入阻抗高、开关速度快、热稳定性好和驱动电路简单的优点，又具有通态电压低、耐压高和承受电流大等优点，因此发展迅速，很快在电机驱动、中频和开关电源以及要求快速、低损耗的领域得到广泛应用1。在IGBT的实际应用中，其栅极驱动电路的合理设计是保证IGBT安全可靠运行的重要环节。目前，国内外推出了针对IGBT的多种驱动模块，如EXB841、M57962L、IR21104、IXDN4047等，实际应用中，多种IGBT驱动模块电路使用上都有其局限性3。本文

5、介绍了一种采用PC929芯片的IGBT驱动电路设计方法，具有简单实用的优点，可用于中小功率的变流器。2.IGBT驱动电路设计要求根据IGBT的特性，对其驱动电路有如下要求：(1) 提供适当的正反向栅极电压，使IGBT可靠地开通和关断。当正偏压增大时IGBT通态压降和开通损耗均下降，但若栅极电压UGE过大，则负载短路时其IC随UGE增大而增大，对其安全不利。因此使用中UGE取15V左右的正向栅极电压较为合适2。负偏电压可防止由于关断时浪涌电流过大而使IGBT误导通，一般选UGE为-10V左右为宜。(2) IGBT开通后，驱动电路应提供足够的电压、电流幅值，使IGBT在正常工作及过载情况下不致因退

6、出饱和而损坏。(3) 能为IGBT栅极提供具有较陡峭前后沿的驱动脉冲。IGBT的快速开通和关断可降低开关损耗。(4) 选择恰当的IGBT驱动电路中的栅极电阻和保护检测回路电阻。(5) 具有栅压限幅电路，保护栅极不被击穿。IGBT栅极极限电压一般为土20 V，驱动信号超出此范围可能破坏栅极6。(6) 驱动电路应具有较强的抗干扰能力及对IGBT的保护功能。IGBT的控制、驱动及保护电路等应与其高速开关特性相匹配，另外，在未采取适当的防静电措施情况下，IGBT的G-E端不能开路。3.基于PC929的IGBT驱动电路设计日本SHARP公司生产的PC929芯片具有高速、内建短路保护电路、使用方便等特点，

7、是一种比较典型的驱动电路芯片。驱动电流最大为0.4A；具有小于0.5ms的高速响应时间；隔离电压高达4kV，适用于中小容量IGBT的驱动。本文设计的基于PC929的驱动保护电路具有单电源、正负偏压、过流检测、可靠保护等主要特性，功能较为完善，具有广泛应用前景。驱动电路由驱动主电路和保护逻辑电路两部分组成。3.1 驱动电路简介图1所示为基于PC929的驱动电路。PC929是内建短路保护电路的门极驱动高速光耦芯片，PWM脉冲输入到芯片1、3脚，26伏的供电电压接到13、14脚。由于桥臂上、下开关管驱动电压不能共地，因此每个IGBT管的驱动电路需要单独电源供电，本实验采用开关电源提供的各路独立的直流

8、电源。11脚通过R10构成门极脉冲输出，通过电阻R11和10伏稳压管DW产生10V电压基准，这样，PC929输出驱动电压相对E点为正16伏和负10伏电压信号，满足驱动IGBT的要求。9脚为故障判断引脚，外围由R6、R7、R8、R9、R13、D1、D2、D3、C2构成包含滤波功能的故障判断回路。通过设计9脚外围电路，可以把需要产生保护的电流量与9脚规定的Vcc-6伏电压建立对应关系。8脚作为芯片的故障输出引脚通过光耦接到保护逻辑电路。图1 基于PC929的驱动电路拓扑3.2驱动电路工作原理1、正常开关过程 当控制电路PWM脉冲进入PC929芯片，在PWMx输入信号为低电平时，芯片中的光耦导通，信

9、号通过芯片中的推挽电路，11脚产生相对于E点的16伏高电平，经过电阻R10给IGBT栅极提供电流，使管子迅速导通。反之，如果PWMx输入信号为高电平，芯片中光耦不导通，则11脚产生相对于E点的负10伏低电平脉冲信号，栅极电荷迅速放掉，封锁IGBT。栅极电阻R10对工作性能有较大的影响，R10较大时，有利于抑制IGBT的电流上升率及电压上升率，但会增加IGBT的开关时间和开关损耗；R10较小时，会引起电流上升率增大，使IGBT误导通或损坏。R10的具体数据与驱动电路的结构及IGBT的容量有关，一般在几十欧左右，小容量的IGBT其R10值一般较大。本文实验电路中栅极电阻R10选为100欧姆。2、故

10、障保护动作PC929对IGBT的保护是通过检测Vce电压来实现的。R6R9,R13,D3构成对Vce的检测回路，当IGBT产生过流故障或短路故障的时候，集电极电流迅速增加，IGBT集电极电压上升。导致9脚电压超过保护值，即当电位高于Vcc-6（20V）时，关断输出，同时芯片8脚FS输出低电平故障信号，经过光耦B1送至RS触发器。隔离后的保护信号传递到保护闭锁逻辑电路，经过逻辑处理，将所有脉冲封锁。对Vce的电压进行检测的电路参数选择，对于实现准确可靠的保护十分关键。图2所示为FP25R12KE3型IGBT，在门极驱动电压为15V时的输出特性曲线。本文实验电路中IGBT额定运行电流为10A，故过

11、流保护值设置为25A。根据图2中125摄氏度时的特性曲线可知，当VCE电压大于2V时，电流值为 25A。通过对R6R9,R13电阻值的适当选取，可以使VCE电压大于2V时，PC929的9脚检测电压大于Vcc-6伏，根据PC929芯片功能封锁PWM脉冲。图2 FP25R12KE3型IGBT的输出特性曲线5供电电源的质量对驱动电路和保护逻辑电路正常使用十分重要。如果在发生短路过流的情况下，开关电源出现不稳定，影响逻辑电路的供电，就会导致保护失败，不能封锁脉冲，进而容易损坏IGBT。为了使该驱动电路可靠保护，必须保证9脚接收的电压信号稳定而没有纹波，电路中设计的C2起到了这个作用，它起到滤除电路中纹

12、波的作用，保证了9脚保护的高度可靠性，否则可能因为毛刺发生误保护。3.3短路保护闭锁电路设计图3 IGBT短路保护闭锁逻辑电路图3所示为六路驱动电路的逻辑保护电路，保证了在各种硬件故障情况下各个IGBT脉冲的可靠封锁。PC929驱动电路产生的故障（FAULT）信号经过RS触发器和一个或门，触发器Q输出高电平使或门输出保持高电平，产生反馈回驱动芯片的保护信号，可以封锁六路芯片输出脉冲。同时，触发器输出SC信号引起DSP功率驱动保护中断，DSP进行相应的程序处理。4. 试验结果分析将上述驱动电路应用于3.7kW三相PWM整流器中，进行了如下试验。图4是使用该驱动电路产生的典型驱动脉冲的波形图，其中

13、通道l为输入控制信号，通道2为输出驱动信号。如图所示，可以看出该驱动电路产生的16V高电平和负10V低电平脉冲，可以可靠导通和关断IGBT。图4 门极典型驱动脉冲波形图5是驱动脉冲的上升沿波形图，其中通道l为输入控制信号，通道2为输出驱动信号。图中可以看出，当控制信号产生导通命令的时候，该驱动电路在3ms时，脉冲就达到16V，及时导通IGBT。图5 门极驱动脉冲上升沿波形图6是驱动脉冲的下降沿波形图，其中通道l为输入控制信号，通道2为输出驱动信号。图中可以看出，当控制信号产生关断命令的时候，该驱动电路在3ms时，脉冲达到负10V，及时关断IGBT。图6 门极驱动脉冲下降沿波形图7是IGBT发生

14、功率驱动保护时候，通过逻辑闭锁电路封锁另外一路驱动脉冲的波形图，其中通道l为功率驱动保护信号（低电平保护），通道2为输出驱动脉冲信号。图中可以看出，当IGBT产生功率保护控制信号产生低电平的时候，该驱动电路的逻辑闭锁电路在23ms内及时使其他各路IGBT关断，性能可以达到可靠保护所有IGBT的要求。图7 发生短路保护后驱动脉冲波形5.结论本文所设计的驱动电路具有如下主要特点：使用带有短路保护功能的芯片PC929，简化了电路的结构；该驱动保护电路应用到3.7kW三相变流器中，6个IGBT管均使用相同的驱动保护电路，性能可靠；设计了的保护逻辑电路，能够满足IGBT短路保护的需要，且具有故障自锁功能

15、。试验结果证明，该IGBT驱动电路经济、实用、安全、可靠，有较大的应用前景。参考文献1 王志良.电力电子新器件及其应用技术.北京：国防工业出版社，1995.62 刘星平，李炎斌.IGBT驱动电路的研究.电气开关，2002(5)：19213 黄先进，蒋晓春等. 智能化IGBT驱动电路研究. 电工技术学报，2005(4)：89934 徐延东，张舟云等. 一种用于大功率IGBT模块的驱动电路.微特电机，2004（8）：29305 SHARP公司. PC929 Series芯片说明书. SHARP公司，20046 丁祖军，郑建勇等. 基于EXB 841的IGBT驱动电路设计及优化. 电力自动化设备，2

16、004（6）：37407 朱选才，周惠升. IGBT驱动芯片IXDN404应用及改进. 电源技术应用，2005（4）：4952Editors note: Judson Jones is a meteorologist, journalist and photographer. He has freelanced with CNN for four years, covering severe weather from tornadoes to typhoons. Follow him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I will always wonder what

17、 it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through the crackling static from space hear the faint beeps of the worlds first satellite - Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon and the first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those events were way before my ti

18、me.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the plug on the shuttle program I was heartbroken. Yet the privatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars.As a meteorologist, Ive still seen many important weather and space events, but rig

19、ht now, if you were sitting next to me, youd hear my foot tapping rapidly under my desk. Im anxious for the next one: a space capsule hanging from a crane in the New Mexico desert.Its like the set for a George Lucas movie floating to the edge of space.You and I will have the chance to watch a man ta

20、ke a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of space - live.The (lack of) air up there Watch man jump from 96,000 feet Tuesday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched the balloons positioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, kn

21、owing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight line we would be go for launch.I feel this mission was created for me because I am also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I live for taking a leap of faith - the feeling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.The guy

22、 who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at a level I will never reach. However, it did not stop me from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partially filled balloon that would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon a

23、s the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped the ground I knew it was over.How claustrophobia almost grounded supersonic skydiverWith each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappointment on the face of the current record holder and capcom (capsule communications),

24、 Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control as he told Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less

25、 than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifti

26、ng even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 ki

27、lometers). Here, Fearless Felix will unclip. He will roll back the door.Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be travel

28、ing fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top

29、of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he

30、plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach s

31、peeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).It might not be the moon, but Kittinger free fell from 102,800 feet in 1960 - at the dawn of an infamous space race that captured the hearts of many. Baumgartner will attempt to break that record, a feat that boggles the mind. This is one of those monumental moments I will always remember, because there is no way Id miss this.