电大03岁婴幼儿保育作业1答案参考资料.doc

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1、这是网上下的作业样稿，可能有的答案不一定正确，以上课时讲的为准！请传到共享时转告一下。电大形成性考作业（一）一、填空题 1. 感知动作 思维是2-3岁幼儿开始产生的思维形式。 2.婴幼儿在生长过程中存在着相当大程度的 个体差异 。 3.影响婴幼儿生长最重要的因素是 营养 。 4.按照目前的婴儿期健康体检标准，婴儿在出生后一年内进行 4 次的定期健康检查。 5.母乳具有很多优点，营养丰富，但 维生素D 、 维生素K 的含量稍低。6.治疗儿童单纯肥胖需要采用以 运动处方 为基础、以 行为矫正 为关键技术、将 健康教育贯彻始终的综合方案。 7. 客体永久性 的获得是婴儿智力发展阶段的重要成就，是一切

2、认知活动发展的基础。 8.在给6-12月龄婴儿制作、添加辅食时，应尽可能少放 糖 、不放 盐 、不加 调味品 ，但可添加少量 食用油 。 9.人在成长过程中通常有两个体格生长速度的突增阶段，一个生长高峰是青春期，另一个生长高峰则是 婴儿期 。 10.正常儿童语言的发展经历发音、理解和表述三个过程。1岁以前，儿童主要处于咿呀学语和初步理解的 前言语阶段 。 11.对于不满6个月的婴儿，应该按需喂奶，每天可以喂奶 6-8次 以上。 12.两岁幼儿的认知不再出于原始的混沌状态，开始出现 自我意识 ，能够将自己的愿望和现实区分开来。 13.为了保护婴儿的健康，家长应按照国家规定的计划免疫程序，在1岁以

3、内完成预防接种的 基础免疫 。 14.婴儿在第一年的动作发展中就出现和发展了人类特有的动作 手的动作 和 直立行走 。 15.不能用母乳喂养婴儿时，建议首先选用 配方奶粉 进行喂养，不宜直接用普通液态奶、成人奶粉、蛋白粉等喂养婴儿。 16.幼儿的最好饮料是 白开水 。 17. 婴幼儿各种常见疾病中，发病率最高的是 营养性缺铁性贫血 。 二、简答题 1.简述婴幼儿运动发展的规律。 （1）从泛化到集中（2）从上到下（3）从近到远（4）先正后反2.简述应如何给6-12月龄婴儿添加辅食。 （1）从一种到多种（2）由少量到多量（3）逐渐从稀到稠、从细到粗（4）尝试多种多样的食物（5）膳食少糖、无盐、不加

4、调味品（6）适当添加，不要强迫进食（7）注意观察婴儿添加食物后的反应（8）6-12月龄婴儿的辅食添加建议：6月龄开始添加辅食是以尝试食物味道、培养进食兴趣、不影响奶量为前提，逐步进行食物种类与数量的添加。3.奶水不足的母亲应如何正确人工喂养0-6个月龄的婴儿。 不能用母乳喂养时，建议首选适合0-6月龄婴儿的配方奶粉喂养，不宜直接用普通液态奶、成人奶粉、蛋白粉等喂养婴儿。婴儿配方奶粉是通过不断对母乳成分、结构及功能等方面进行的研究，在牛奶的基础上调整了0-6月龄婴儿所需的大部分营养成分的构成和含量，添加了多种微量营养素，使其产品的性能、成分及含量基本接近母乳，是目前适合0-6月龄婴儿生长发育需要

5、的食品，喂养婴儿的效果比普通牛奶为佳。0-6月龄婴儿由于胃肠功能发育尚不完善，很容易因喂养方法不得当引发婴儿腹泻或其他健康问题。4.影响婴幼儿体格成长的因素有哪些？ 体格生长的状况受到内在因素与营养、疫病、外界环境等多种因素的影响，是彼此相互作业的结果。（1） 环境，社会经济与文化的发展水平对促进婴幼儿体格生长有着积极的作用。（2）遗传，细胞染色体所载的基因是决定遗传的物质基础，决定着每个儿童个体发育的特点，同时受种族、民族、家族的影响很深，制约着儿童的生长。（3）营养，营养是影响婴幼儿生长最重要的因素。（4）疾病：疾病对婴幼儿体格生长作用十分明显。5.简述如何培养婴幼儿良好的情绪和情感。 婴

6、儿早期的经验对他一生的发展至关重要。在培养儿童良好的情绪和情感时，首先，要注意给予他足够的爱，并教他爱父母、爱老师、爱小伙伴、爱小动物等；其次，要教他有意识地控制自己情感的外部表现，如摔倒了不哭、与小朋友共享玩具等，来培养儿童稳定、良好的心境；再次，注意从小培养道德观、荣誉感、责任感等良好情感，正确地引导他克服和抑制嫉妒心、虚荣心等一些不良的情感。6.如何培养1-3岁幼儿良好的饮食习惯。 （1）应规律进餐，幼儿饮食要一日5-6餐，即一天进主食三次，上下午两主餐之间各安排以奶类、水果和其他细软面食为内容的加餐，晚饭后也可加餐或食用零食，但睡前应忌食添食，以预防龋齿。（2）要重视幼儿饮食安排，逐渐

7、做到定时、适量、有规律地进餐，不随意改变幼儿的进餐时间和进餐量。（3）家长应以身作则，用良好的饮食习惯影响幼儿，避免幼儿形成偏食、挑食的不良习惯。（4）要创造良好的进餐环境，进餐场所要安静愉悦，餐桌椅、餐具可适当儿童化，鼓励和引导幼儿使用匙、筷等自主进餐。（5）鼓励幼儿参加适度的活动和游戏，有利于促进食欲，维持幼儿能量平衡，使幼儿保持合理体重增长，避免幼儿瘦弱、超重和肥胖。7.婴幼儿体格生长的基本规律有哪些？ 待添加的隐藏文字内容2（1）体格生长的速率各时期不同（2）身体各部分长度比例随年龄而不同（3）体格生长与各器官系统发育不平衡（4）体格生长存在个体差异8.简要说说应怎样培养婴幼儿的记忆能

8、力。 在培养婴幼儿的记忆能力时，首先要注意创设一个良好、轻松的情绪环境，丰富生活的内容，以便于其记忆。其次通过游戏、生动的玩具、朗朗上口且易于理解的儿歌及故事，给予必要的刺激，以逐步发展幼儿的有意记忆和记忆的精确性。9.婴幼儿想象的特点有哪些？ 学龄前儿童的想象还有许多不成熟的地方，主要表现在：想象的主体易变化，画画时一会儿画小人，一会儿画飞机；想象有时与现实分不清，经常将童话里的故事当成真实的；想象具有夸大性，如儿童都喜欢听拔萝卜等夸张性的故事；满足于想象的过程，想象常常没有预定的目的，因而具有幻想的性质。10.简述适宜的1-3岁婴幼儿饮食烹调方式。 （1）食物原料应选择新鲜、相对软嫩多汁、

9、质地细腻的食物。（2）食物加工应将食物切碎煮烂，易于幼儿咀嚼、吞咽和消化，特别注意要完全去除皮、骨、刺、核等；大豆、花生等硬果类食物，应先磨碎，制成泥糊浆等状态进食。（3）烹调方法上，应采用蒸、煮、炖、煨等烹调方式，不宜采用油炸、烤、烙等方式。（4）口味以清淡为好，不应过咸，更不宜食辛辣刺激性食物，尽可能少用或不用含味精或鸡精、色素、糖精的调味品。（5）膳食花样品种要注意交替更换，以利于幼儿保持对进食的兴趣。O(_)O谢谢！【Chinas 10 must-see animations】The Chinese animation industry has seen considerable gr

10、owth in the last several years. It went through a golden age in the late 1970s and 1980s when successively brilliant animation work was produced. Here are 10 must-see classics from Chinas animation outpouring that are not to be missed. Lets recall these colorful images that brought the country great

11、 joy. Calabash Brothers Calabash Brothers (Chinese: 葫芦娃) is a Chinese animation TV series produced byShanghaiAnimationFilmStudio. In the 1980s the series was one of the most popular animations in China. It was released at a point when the Chinese animation industry was in a relatively downed state c

12、ompared to the rest of the international community. Still, the series was translated into 7 different languages. The episodes were produced with a vast amount of paper-cut animations. Black Cat Detective Black Cat Detective (Chinese: 黑猫警长) is a Chinese animation television series produced by the Sha

13、nghai Animation Film Studio. It is sometimes known as Mr. Black. The series was originally aired from 1984 to 1987. In June 2006, a rebroadcasting of the original series was announced. Critics bemoan the series violence, and lack of suitability for childrens education. Proponents of the show claim t

14、hat it is merely for entertainment. Effendi Effendi, meaning sir andteacher in Turkish, is the respectful name for people who own wisdom and knowledge. The heros real name was Nasreddin. He was wise and witty and, more importantly, he had the courage to resist the exploitation of noblemen. He was al

15、so full of compassion and tried his best to help poor people. Adventure of Shuke and Beita【舒克与贝塔】 Adventure of Shuke and Beita (Chinese: 舒克和贝塔) is a classic animation by Zheng Yuanjie, who is known as King of Fairy Tales in China. Shuke and Beita are two mice who dont want to steal food like other m

16、ice. Shuke became a pilot and Beita became a tank driver, and the pair met accidentally and became good friends. Then they befriended a boy named Pipilu. With the help of PiPilu, they co-founded an airline named Shuke Beita Airlines to help other animals. Although there are only 13 episodes in this

17、series, the content is very compact and attractive. The animation shows the preciousness of friendship and how people should be brave when facing difficulties. Even adults recalling this animation today can still feel touched by some scenes. Secrets of the Heavenly Book Secrets of the Heavenly Book,

18、 (Chinese: 天书奇谈)also referred to as Legend of the Sealed Book or Tales about the Heavenly Book, was released in 1983. The film was produced with rigorous dubbing and fluid combination of music and vivid animations. The story is based on the classic literature Ping Yao Zhuan, meaning The Suppression

19、of the Demons by Feng Menglong. Yuangong, the deacon, opened the shrine and exposed the holy book to the human world. He carved the books contents on the stone wall of a white cloud cave in the mountains. He was then punished with guarding the book for life by the jade emperor for breaking heavens l

20、aw. In order to pass this holy book to human beings, he would have to get by the antagonist fox. The whole animation is characterized by charming Chinesepainting, including pavilions, ancient architecture, rippling streams and crowded markets, which fully demonstrate the unique beauty of Chinas natu

21、ral scenery. Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf【喜洋洋与灰太狼】 Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf (Chinese:喜羊羊与灰太狼) is a Chinese animated television series. The show is about a group of goats living on the Green Pasture, and the story revolves around a clumsy wolf who wants to eat them. It is a popular domestic a

22、nimation series and has been adapted intomovies. Nezha Conquers the Dragon King（Chinese: 哪吒闹海）is an outstanding animation issued by the Ministry of Culture in 1979 and is based on an episode from the Chinese mythological novel Fengshen Yanyi. A mother gave birth to a ball of flesh shaped like a lotu

23、s bud. The father, Li Jing, chopped open the ball, and beautiful boy, Nezha, sprung out. One day, when Nezha was seven years old, he went to the nearby seashore for a swim and killed the third son of the Dragon King who was persecuting local residents. The story primarily revolves around the Dragon

24、Kings feud with Nezha over his sons death. Through bravery and wit, Nezha finally broke into the underwater palace and successfully defeated him. The film shows various kinds of attractive sceneries and the traditional culture of China, such as spectacular mountains, elegant sea waves and exquisite

25、ancient Chinese clothes. It has received a variety of awards. Havoc in Heaven The story of Havoc in Heaven（Chinese: 大闹天宫）is based on the earliest chapters of the classic storyJourney to the West. The main character is Sun Wukong, aka the Monkey King, who rebels against the Jade Emperor of heaven. Th

26、e stylized animation and drums and percussion accompaniment used in this film are heavily influenced byBeijingOpera traditions. The name of the movie became a colloquialism in the Chinese language to describe someone making a mess. Regardless that it was an animated film, it still became one of the

27、most influential films in all of Asia. Countless cartoon adaptations that followed have reused the same classic story Journey to the West, yet many consider this 1964 iteration to be the most original, fitting and memorable, The Golden Monkey Defeats a Demon【金猴降妖】 The Golden Monkey Defeats a Demon (

28、Chinese: 金猴降妖), also referred as The Monkey King Conquers the Demon, is adapted from chapters of the Chinese classics Journey to the West, or Monkey in the Western world. The five-episode animation series tells the story of Monkey King Sun Wukong, who followed Monk Xuan Zangs trip to the West to tak

29、e the Buddhistic sutra. They met a white bone evil, and the evil transformed human appearances three times to seduce the monk. Twice Monkey King recognized it and brought it down. The monk was unable to recognize the monster and expelled Sun Wukong. Xuan Zang was then captured by the monster. Fortun

30、ately Bajie, another apprentice of Xuan Zang, escaped and persuaded the Monkey King to come rescue the monk. Finally, Sun kills the evil and saves Xuan Zang. The outstanding animation has received a variety of awards, including the 6th Hundred Flowers Festival Award and the Chicago International Chi

31、ldrens Film Festival Award in 1989. McDull【麦兜】 McDull is a cartoon pig character that was created inHong Kongby Alice Mak and Brian Tse. Although McDull made his first appearances as a supporting character in the McMug comics, McDull has since become a central character in his own right, attracting

32、a huge following in Hong Kong. The first McDull movie McMug Story My Life as McDull documented his life and the relationship between him and his mother.The McMug Story My Life as McDull is also being translated into French and shown in France. In this version, Mak Bing is the mother of McDull, not his father.