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1、IFAC-PapersOnLine, 2015, (48): 129-133.使用Easy Java-Javascript的架构新设备中的模拟Jacobo Saenz. Francisco Esquembre, Felix J. Garcia, Luis de la Tone, SebastianDonnidoComputer Science and Automatics Department, Computer Science School, UNED,Juan del Rosal 16,Madrid,Spain(email:jacobo.saenzbec.uned.esJdelatoiTe

2、dia.uned.es, sdonnidodia.uned.es)Mathematics Faculty, Unh-ersidad de Murcia, Campus de Espiiiardo, 30071 Murcia,Spain(e-mail: femum.es)Departament of Computer Engineering and Technology, Informatics Faculty,Unhersidad de Murcia, Campus de Espiiiardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain(e-mail:fgarciaum.es)摘要：虚拟实验室和

3、远程实验室在学生学习过程中发挥着重要作用。对于科学领域的远程教 育，实验室是必不可少的部分，这一重要性尤为重要。在过去几年中，新发现的Jaw漏洞 和不支持Jaw应用程序(平板电脑和智能手机)的新设备更加难以运行或开发这些实验室 作为Java应用程序。一方而，非数字签名的小程序无法在Web浏览器或智能手机中运行。 另一方面，诸如pc-tablet的便携式设备具有有限的讣算资源，有时甚至不能运行复杂的模 拟。EjsS (Easy Java-Javascript Simulations)是一个开源工具，用于通过引入模型的方程， 并为应用程序构建图形用户界而(GUI)来创建所有类型的模拟。这个工作提供

4、了解决使用 EjsS时岀现的两个以前的问题。两者都使用在服务器中运行的Jaw模型进行解决，并承担 较大的计算负载。该Java模型与客户端设备中的JavaScript GUI相关联。该链接基于使用 JSON格式的服务器和客户端之间的网络套接字连接。所提出的解决方案具有额外的优点, 例如多个用户使用相同模型的可能性，或者通过构建新的Javascript视图来重用已有的Java 应用程序。关键词：教冇，实验室，控制，模拟，数字il算机应用。1介绍现在网络资源越来越广泛，在学生学习过程中起着重要的作用。山于新技术 和设备，学生可以通过各种应用，视频，模拟或其他信息来补充课程。在这方面， 对于科学领域，

5、模拟物理系统的应用越来越受到重视。这些模拟通常具有直观的 图形用户界面(GUI),其支持一定程度的用户交互和对系统的控制。在过去儿年里，许多大学增加了这种工具来补充他们的传统课程：Guimaraes et alo (2011) ; Xvougios 和 Karakasidis (2008) ; Restivo 等人(2009) ; Garcia -Zubia 等(2009) ;Farias 等人(2010);邱玉良胡(2010) ; AndiejaRojko (2010); Yazidi等人(2011);哈桑等人(2013)；桑塔纳等人(2013) ;Tawfik等人(2013); Bose

6、(2013)。考虑到远程教育范式，在科学和技术领域，面向实验室的实践不 普遍适用于学生。因此，在远程学习过程中，使用在线应用程序(如虚拟实验室(VL),远程 实验室(RL)或两者(VRL)至关重要。然而，创建一个新的虚拟或远程实验室不是一件容易的事情。该软件通常必 须是自制的，大多数时候，这个任务必须由教师，研究人员或学生执行。通常, 这些应用程序是使用高级编程语言的集成开发环境(IDE)或用于创建动画的工 具创建的。目前，大多数这些工具在更小程度上使用Java。不幸的是，近年来出 现许多Java漏洞。因此，运行数字签名的Java小程序的限制使得基于此技术创 建的VRL的传播和使用变得非常困难

7、。此外，具有互联网接入功能的新型移动 设备(如智能手机或平板电脑)不支持Java。这构成了依靠这项技术出版VRL 的另一个障碍。为了解决不支持的Java问题，一些开发者使用Javascript编写了他们的VRL, 例如Frank和Kapila (2014)和Glotov等人的作品。(2013 (2),该解决方案 解决了上述两个问题，但由于智能手机或平板电脑的计算资源有限，涉及到一个 新问题，有时是图1 EjsS编辑器的主视图Java启用版本不足以运行复杂的模拟。另外，在JavaScrip冲重新构建一个已经存在的VRL 可能是一项巨大的任务。当使用 Easy Java / Javascript

8、Simulations (EjsS)创建 VRLs 应用程序时,本 工作为所有以前的问题应用了一个解决方案。本文的结构如下。第二节描述了 EjsS的实际状态，以及它如何用于创建Java 和Javascript应用程序。第三节讨论了这个工作中提出的扩展EjsS的架构，以便 回答Java和Javascript应用程序的一些实际问题。最后，第四节给出了一些最后 的结论，并介绍了进一步的工作。2.简单的 JAVA / JAVASCRIPT 模拟2. 1 EjsST 具EjsS是一个开源创作工具，专为需要在科学和工程领域进行功能全面的应 用和模拟的学生和教师而设计。根据用户对交互性和可视化的需求，此工具

9、提供 了一种创建GUI模拟的简单方法。EjsS允许用户在Java或Javascript中创建应 用程序。这个应用程序可以是独立的（在Java的情况下），或者可以在Web浏览 器（Java 和 Javascript）中运行。EjsS的主要优点是，它可以减轻教师和学生的兴趣，这些教师和学生想要集 中在模拟本身，而不是在技术规划方面Farias等人。（2010）; Chacon等人（2015 年）。当EjsS内置的应用程序完成后，用户可以使用EjsS编辑器运行它。然后， 应用程序在即将使用的新窗口中打开。另一个选择是打包应用程序，以便在独立 模式（对于Java应用程序）或网页内部（对于Java和Ja

10、vascript）中运行它。2. 2 EjsS Java 模式EjsS应用程序分为两个主要部分：视图和模型：该模型可以看作是Java编程代码，差分方程（图1中的左图）和/或与其 他软件或硬件的连接。简单或者模型的复杂性只取决于用户需求和他们想要模拟的系统的知识。该视图为最终用户提供了一个GUI,其元素已逐一添加，并确定应用程序 的交互和可视化功能。该视图是通过拖放EjsS编辑器右侧面板中的元素（图1 中的中间图像）构建树结构。EjsS （图1中的右图）也显示了以这种方式构建 的GUI的预构建。2. 3 EjsS Javascr i pt 模式Java漏洞的问题山EjsS在以前的版本（5.0）中

11、通过使用Javascript编程语言 而不是Java来解决。因此，使用EjsS 5.0或更高版本，用户可以通过JavaScript 知识开发基于Javascript的新VRL。运行此模式时，EjsS的主要结构在用户眼中不会改变，应用程序的构建非常类似于以前基于Java的情况，如图2所示。实际上，一见钟情，唯一的区别是 标签的名称从View变为HtmlViewo3. JAVA 和 JAVASCRI PT 与 EJSS3.1主体建筑最后一节介绍了一个涉及使用Javascript而不是Java的EjsS应用程丿宇的解 决方案，它避免了以下问题：1）漏洞，2）不支持基于Java的应用程序的移动设 备，

12、3）需要对applet进行数字签名。然而，在Javascript中构建完整的应用程序 不能解决其他两个问题：1）在有限资源的设备中运行复朵VRL的难度2）当使 用EjsS创建基于Java的应用程序时，需要从头开始重新构建整个应用程序。在 这里，我们提出了所有以前的问题的中间解决方案。该解决方案的主要思想是在 客户机服务器配置中使用两种语言（Java和Javascript）图3显示了所提出的框架中正在运行的应用程序的基本架构。本工作的主要 贡献是为EjsS应用程序实现此架构。如图所示，该架构分为三个部分：客户端， 服务器和通信，所有这些在本节的其余部分中进行了说明。参考文献1 Aiidieja

13、Rqjko, Darko Hercog, KJ (2010). Power engineering and motion control web laboratoiy: Design, implementation, and evaluation of mecliatroiiics course IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 57(10), 3343 一 3354.2 Bose, R(2013) Virtual labs project: A paradigm shift in iiiteniet-based remote exper

14、imentation IEEE Access, 1, 718-7253 Chacon, J，Vhrgas, H., Farias Castro, G., Sanchez Moreno, J，and Donnido, S(2015). EJS, JIL Server and Lab VIEW: How to build a remote lab in the blink of an eye Learning Technologies, IEEE Transactions on, PP(99),1-1. doi:l 0.1109/TLT.2015.2389245.4 Farias, G,De Ke

15、yser, R，Donnido, S,and Esquembre, F(2010). Developing networked control labs: A matlab and easy java simulations approach IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics, 57(10), 3266-3275.5 Frank, J A. and Kapila, V (2014). Development of mobile interfaces to interact with automatic control expenments6 IEEE C

16、ontrol Systems Magazine, 34, 78-98.7 Garcia-Zubia, J，Orduna, P，Lopez-de Ipina, D、and Alves, G(2009). Addressing software impact in the design of remote laboratories IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 56(12), 47577767.8 Glotov, A，Dmitiy, B.? Ivan, L., Vdrobiev, A., Kostina, M，and Titov, I.

17、(2013 (2nd). Remote laser laboratoiy at bmstii: Browser-based solution. In Experiment International Conference, 94-98. doi: 10.1109/ExpAt.2013.6703037.9 Guimaraes, E.G., Cardozo, E., Moraes. D.H., and Coelho, P.R. (2011). Design and implementation issues for modem re-mote laboratones IEEE Transactio

18、ns on Learning Technologies, 4, 149-161.10 Hassan, H, Martinez Rubio, J,Perles, A,Capella, J,Dominguez, C,and Albaladejo, J(2013). Smartphonebas0d industrial iiifonnatics projects and laboratories IEEE Transactions on Industrial Iiifonnatics, 9(1), 557-56611 Restivo, M，Mendes, J., Lopes, A，Silva, C.

19、, and Cliouzal, F. (2009). A remote laboratoiy in engineering measurement12 IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 56(12), 4836- 4843.13 Salzmami, C，Govaurts, S., Haliini, W., and Gillet, D(2015) The smart device specification for remote labs Ill 12th Iii-teniational Conference on Remote Engin

20、eering and Virtual Iiistnimentation (REV)，199 一 208.曰 5EV1ERAvailable onhne at ww” sciencedireot comScienceDirectIFAC-PapcrsOnf me 职 29 (201S) 129 133TTIFACPapers lineCONFERENCE PAPER ARCHIVEAn Architecture to use Easy Java-JavascriptSimulations in NcmMd tinnvMilhdl Devices *Jacobo Saenz * Francisco

21、 Esqucmhrv Felix J(；Rrd3Luis de la lorre * Sebastian Dormido Compuier Science and A uioHticx Department. ( omptder Science School.UNED. Juun de! Roxal 16, Madrid. Spain(euiil: jiKolw. Mienz(s(bec. lined, a.Idelaiorredia.uAcd.es. ulormido dia. uned.* * Mathftnaiies Facidty, Universidaii de Murcia. Ca

22、mpus dr Espinardo.S007I Murcia, Sixtinfe-mail: fcniutn.eshDepartament of Comimler Eninffrin and Technology, InjonrnttirsFacult Univecsalad de Murcia, Campus de EsiMurdo. 007l Murcia.Spain(eftail: Jirriau/n.es).Abstract: Nowadays virtual and remote laboratories play an imp(irt：ini role in lhe siudcnt

23、s* learning process. Rr distance education in scientifK where the laboratories arv an essential pari, this importance is especially relevant. In the last years, the newly discovered Java vulnerabilities and the new devices which do bch support Java alicaiions (lableis aixl smarbphonesh nvike even ha

24、rder io run or develop these laborauwics as Java appheations. On the one haixl a nan-digilally signed applet cannot beam in a web browser or in a smari-phoic. On (he ocher hand ponahlc devices, like a pc-(ablci. havic limited compulation resources, md sometimes it is not enough io run complex simula

25、uons. EjsS (Iinv Java-Javiiscfipi Simulaiions) is an open source tool used for sealing all kind of sitnulaiions by inlroduving the equations of the model, and building a graphical user inter lace (GUI) for lhe ajiplication. Ihis work presents a solulion (o lhe iwo previous probtems that appear when

26、using 1 浹S Both arc resolved using a Java mxlel that nins in a server and Hikes the heavier computational load. This Java model is linked with a Jivascripnal FoienUion of Autccnatk Control) Hooting by Elswkr Ltd. All rights nc&rvol Keywords: I-ducaiion, l.aboraiory.Control, Simulation, Digital Compu

27、ief Applications1. INTRODUCTIONNowadays online resources have become widespread, “nd they have an impMiam role in the learning process of siudems for all kind nf studies. Thinks to new lcchni!ogics mil devices. the students can complement their lessons with i wide range of applications, videos. simu

28、lations or additional information. In (his regard for scicnii【ic areas, )plicaiions (hat simulate physical systems are receiving more and more attention, lliese simulaiions generally have an iniuiiive graphical user imerface (GUI) that supports some level of user interactions and control over lhe sy

29、stem In the Iasi years many universities haw added dus kind of tools io complement iheif traditional courses: Guimaraes c( al. (2011); Vavougios and Karakasidis (2008); ReMivo ci al. (2CO9); Garcia-Zubia el al. (2009); Farias et al. (2010); Yu liang Qiao and Hu (2010); Andrcja Rojko (2010)； Sfazidi

30、cl al. (2011); lki$san et ul. (2013); Sanuma ct al. (2d 13); lawtik cl 11. (2013): Bose (2013). (Considering the distance cduca- lion paradigm, in sciemilic and itxhnical areas, a face-(o-faoe laktralory |)raciice is not conimonly availaNc fur students. Ix)r dial reason, the ux of online applicaiion

31、$ such as virtual lab- oratories (VLs), remote laboratories (RLs) or both (VRLs), is essential in the disancc learning processHowever, creating a new virtual or remote laboraiory is not ail easy task. The software must usually be M：ll-made rnd. most of (he time, iliis (ask has io be performed by tea

32、chers, researchers or students. Normally, these applications are created using integrated dclopment environments (IDEs) of high level programming languages or with tools for creating animations, (irrcntly. must of these iimiIs. to a greater die limited coinputaliDnal resiMireci of a smart-phone or u

33、blei pc. which soiYvciimes it is211663 2015. IFAC (Inlccnalkinal Fdmtkm of Automalic Cont roll Hosting Vy Eiwvier Ltd. All rihu rwenrd. Peer rcvifv under rcsponMb ility of Intern it ion ul Fedctution of Automata Contru).lD.lOW/j.ifaool.iOJS. 11225130Jacobo 烁程 cf 迅门总CJ哄nOnL亦 J&29 i2015 129 233Hg. I M

34、ain view of the EjsS editor in Java enabled version mH enough to run complex simulations. In addition rebuilding an already existing VRL fnxn scraWh in Javascnpl on be ;i huje task.The prexnt xvrk applies u 境Hulwn tr all lhexe previous prcbkms when using Easy Java/Javascripl Simulations (EjsS) for c

35、rcali咚 the VRLs applications.The paper is organized as follows. Section H describes the actual stale ofLjsS and how it works for creating both Java and Javascript applications. Section III discusses the architecture preposed in this work g exjvind (ysS in order (o give answer to seine actual problem

36、s with Java and Javascript applications. Finally Sccion IV givesune linal conclusionsand dewnZs further work.2. K.ASY LW/VlAV-ASCRlin SIMULATIONS2.1 The EjsS ToolEjsS is an opvn source auihuring luol designed lir siudunu and teachers who need to make fully functional applicilions and simuhti create

37、applic.The mam strength of E)$S is that it eases the development of ripplictionti by teAchenc ami KludenK who want to fociK in the simuhiion itself and noi in the technical pmgramming aspects Larias cl al. (2010); ( The model can be seen as Java progniinming axle, dif- ferunlial equations (left lina

38、ge in Figure 1) and/or con neclicns o other software or luadwre. The simplicityhacon et al.(2015).When an apphcalion built in BjsS is finished the user can nin il using the EjsS editor. Then appliuition opens in a new wink)w ready to-usc. .Another option is io package (he xipplicatian in order to ru

39、n i( later as in sunnlalone inode (for upplnradons) or inxidc a web p:igc for Java and Jnvawrnpl ones).2.2 Hie EjsS Java modeEjsS applications are structured in two main parts, the view and (Ik model: or complexity of the model depends only on the users rvquirvnwnlsand their knowledge of (he xyKlem

40、hey wan I to simukite. The vj?u provides final ustrs a GUI. whose ekmenis have been added one-by-one. and deienmnes the inwractiofi and viUilization capabilities of the application. This view is built with a tree architccUirv by dragging and droning elements in the right panel of the EjsS editor (mi

41、ddle iiruige in Figuw h. A previsualization of the GUI built in this way is also shown by KjsS (right image in 1 稔lire23 Ihe EjtS Javascript modepmbkms with Java vulnerabilities was iolved by BjsS in a previous release (5.0) by ung the Javascript programining language instead of Java. Fhcrefore. wit

42、h HjsS 5.0 or above user* am develop new VRLs hiixcd in Jav;iscnpt with u lilllc Javascript knoxvkdgc.When running this mcHlc, the main Mniclurv of EjsS dews nol change in the eyes of the user, and building of an application is very similar to (he previous Java-based ease, as Figure 2 shows. Actuall

43、y at a first sight, lhe only difference between is that the name of the Uib chunges from Ww lo HtmlVicw.Rg. 2. Main view of the EjsS editor, in Javascript enabled version131ClientjavBsergt view in a Web BrowserJacoboSatm el al. /4&29(2015) H33Se MotJfJ： Runrt K JMWewWenziM Ihe model in Java-, which processes the differential equa tions and the code of the simulation in a synchronousis wanted (for monitoring purposes, for example),